Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional culture - What is the play sung by Zhejiang Ruian?

What is the play sung by Zhejiang Ruian?

Wenzhou local opera Ou Opera (Wenzhou) Wenzhou is a multi-cavity opera, including high-pitched opera, Kunqu opera, positive and negative opera, beach spring opera and ci tune. For a long time, people have not conducted in-depth research and discussion on the origin and evolution of various tunes contained in "Random Bombs in Wenzhou", and there are some misunderstandings. Wenzhou is regarded as a unique local drama developed from local folk songs, so it was renamed "Ou Opera" in 1959. From Jiaqing to Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, Wenzhou random bombs were popular in southern Zhejiang and were deeply loved by local people. Liang Zhangju, a A Qing writer, mostly recorded the situation of Wenzhou's theatre, which is called "lively scene", and the drama he recorded was "Shaanxi Opera". This coincides with the title of the play recorded in the Diary of Zhang Chenlei and Zhen Xuan in Guangxu period, which shows that the predecessor of Wenzhou Luantan was indeed Shaanxi Opera. During the Xianfeng period, the "old splendid" class appeared in Wenzhou. After Tongzhi and Guangxu, there were more class clubs. According to incomplete statistics, there were about 40 bombing clubs in Wenzhou. The Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China were the most prosperous periods of random bombs in Wenzhou. Traces can be found: Mazu Song, Jiuqing, Rixiu, Samsung, Xinqing, Daqing, Xiaoqing and Xinqu. Since then, Wenzhou's random play has been impacted by foreign voices and is no longer conventional. It transplanted a large number of plays of brothers' dramas, especially the novels of Fujian Repertory Theatre, and its voice penetrated into the leather spring. Therefore, the masses call this class club "Lotus Class" to distinguish it from the old-fashioned random troupe that specializes in traditional operas. In addition to Wenzhou, Taizhou and Chuzhou in southern Zhejiang, some troupes also performed in Shangrao, Tongshan, Pucheng, Xiapu, Shacheng, Fu 'an and Ningde, Fujian. Wenzhou's random plays are complex in composition, with 84 original traditional plays. According to the legend of the old artist, if 84 traditional plays are recognized by the audience as regular random dramas, they must all be performed. These 84 plays are divided into four high-pitched parts: Lei Gazette, Huan Bao, Thanksgiving Pavilion and Ziyang View. Three books of Kunqu Opera: Leifeng Pagoda, Fisherman's Music and Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio; There are four tunes in Huizhou: Huilong Pavilion, Longfeng Pavilion, Double Autumn Lotus and Fuyuanhe. Judging from the categories of the plays themselves, there are five so-called old plays: Shi Sande, Silver Award, Double Knives, Suffering and Family Portrait; Four cold plays: the Qi of the Four Kingdoms, the Sword of Treasure, the Snake River, and the drunken state. In addition, there are some repertoires transplanted from other operas, collectively known as "foreign operas", and repertoires adapted from local folk tales, such as "Two Immortals Fight", "Wind in Huang San" and "Ximaqiao". Judging from the contents of 84 traditional plays, most of them reflect family ethics, love and social morality. The struggle between loyalty and treachery, good and evil, right and evil, loyalty and betrayal is the same theme in many plays. Although the characters in the play have gone through many vicissitudes, the ending is always "good is rewarded with good, evil with evil", which is the general desire and psychological characteristics of the lower class. Therefore, the audience of Ou Opera is also the broad masses of the lower classes. The stories and personality characteristics of many characters in the play have become folk proverbs in Wenzhou dialect, such as "Uncle Sanguantang", "Uncle Xia Zi in a Cup" and "Zhou Baiqi was thundered", which shows that Ou Opera has a far-reaching influence on the local people. The plucked music in Wenzhou belongs to the board cavity structure. In addition to the aforementioned "three highs, four queens and four emblems", other plays are positive singing, and a few plays contain anti-sweeping strings. For example, the anti-Han in "Pearl Tower" and "See you later" by China and Sang Qing are loud and exciting, and they are very beautiful. There are original discs, tight discs, brake discs, running water and other discs played randomly, and the difference between setting and tuning is 5 degrees. In addition, there are also a few qupai. For example, the Han Dynasty, Cui Jin, Shang Lu, Luo Bangzi and Xiao Tao Hong. At first, the accompaniment instrument was mainly flute, and later it was changed to banhu. Both singing and pronunciation use Zhongzhou rhyme, but it is extremely difficult for local actors to learn Zhongyuan pronunciation. In this way, there is a strange phenomenon, that is, the pronunciation is as close as possible to the rhyme of Zhongzhou, while the tone value of Wenzhou dialect is still retained, forming a phonetic system with strong local color, which is called "playing white" and folk proverbs call it "playing side". Wenzhou local operas all adopt this kind of "random play", which is determined by Wenzhou local voice itself. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, all the random drama clubs did not write scripts, and all the plays were handed down from generation to generation by old artists. 1956 In the spring, under the auspices of Comrade Ye, Wenzhou cultural authorities set up a special group. The mission of the troupe is to use their spare time to let the old artists "spit out" the plays in their stomachs and record them by special personnel. This work lasted about a year, and 84 traditional old plays and some foreign plays (transplanted plays) were randomly played, totaling more than 200, and two copies were copied, one of which was kept in the reference room of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Culture. The other set is kept by Wenzhou Cultural Bureau. Huang Yanrong, a clown actor of Wenzhou Shengli Random Bomb Troupe, vomited about 30 books by himself until he died in the hospital. The performance style of Ou Opera is simple and rough, close to nature, and all the roles are played by actors. It was not until twenty years after the Republic of China that there was a female role. Wushu is generally dominated by Nanquan routines popular in Pingyang area, especially sparring. Sometimes actors can leave the plot and show their skills, which is called "playing the watch". Don't pay much attention to clothes, just cover your head with cloth, commonly known as "lazy dressing" In the second year of the Republic of China, Wenzhou Pinyu Kunban performed in Shanghai, which greatly improved Dan Jiao's makeup and changed martial arts to "stock file" form.