Yuan Dynasty dress, dietary habits and Song, Ming how different

I, dietary varieties

(a) grains: Han people as an agricultural people, grains have been in the diet of the main position. Song Dynasty has not yet corn, white potatoes and other crops, according to local conditions, the northern people's food to corn and wheat, the southern people's food to rice.

The varieties of pasta were the most numerous,

The difference between the staple foods of the north and the south in the Song Dynasty was quite obvious. However, since the Northern Song Dynasty transported six or seven million stones of rice to Kaifeng every year, some people in the north, especially officials and soldiers, also used rice as their staple food. At the turn of the Northern and Southern Song dynasties, with the migration of a large number of northerners to the south, the two-maturing system of rice and wheat became more common along the Yangtze River Basin.

(2) vegetables: vegetables in the Song people's diet occupies an important position, known as "vegetables in the grain". Song vegetable varieties have been very rich.

The Song Dynasty economic prosperity, the food industry developed in the changes between elegant and vulgar. And the elegant, Song Dynasty like to take the name of a variety of dishes, in the former has been cited a lot, such as "Mountain House" in the golden chicken, jade irrigation lungs, fairy rich cake, crispy Luang, Dongpo tofu, etc., tofu to the literati Su Shi's number of the name, but also a unique feature. Following the tradition to this day, the food dishes with beautiful names, has become an important part of the Chinese food civilization.

Yuan Dynasty diet

Mongolians do not eat grains, but eat mutton and beef, game, rabbits, deer, yellow rats, wild boar, wild horses, etc., the drink is horse milk and cattle and sheep's cheese, cooking method based on barbecue, seasoning only salt. After moving to the Central Plains, most people in the north cooked grains with milk and meat into meat porridge, and beverages such as wine from Shanxi were also popular, in addition, fruits such as dates and peaches also enriched the dietary life. All these were detailed in the "Book of Oriental Witnesses" written by Marco Polo, an Italian merchant at that time.

Jiangnan region dietary life is much more active. Far from the north can be compared. According to Marco Polo's account, Jiangnan's famous products include sugar, wine, salt, ginger, galangal and so on, domestic animals do not keep sheep, but cattle, boar, ostrich chicken and so on. According to the early Ming Dynasty novel "cut lamp new story" reflected in the Yuan Dynasty dietary life situation, the residents of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, when there are guests to visit, although caught off guard, no way to prepare, but still to Wuxing's fragrant glutinous rice, camphor creek fresh carp as a soup, and Wucheng's wine to persuade the guests, etc., the richness of the dietary life of the active thus can be seen.

Milk diet of the Mongols in the Yuan Dynasty, the milk diet, is nothing more than the milk of cattle, horses, sheep, camels and other domestic animals they keep processed dietary products. PengYiYi wrote in the "black tartar affairs", at that time the mongolian diet for the horse milk and cow and sheep cheese. Horse milk was the most important drink of Mongolians in Yuan Dynasty, followed by cow, sheep and camel milk. There are also dairy products processed from cow, sheep and camel milk, which are also their supplementary food.

Alcohol Yuan dynasty Mongolians love to drink, its natural environment and social conditions make it so. According to documents, Yuan dynasty Mongols have four kinds of wine. First, the Mongols brewed their own horse milk wine - Kuhui Si. The other three are rice wine, wine and mead. There was a beautiful wine set in the court of Mongkol Khan, which usually contained these wines for drinking.

Drinking and banqueting rituals are an important part of the Yuan Dynasty customs. It includes the court and folk drinking and banqueting customs. Since the Yuan Dynasty was a feudal empire established by the Mongols, many Mongolian rituals and customs were included in the banqueting customs.

In addition, the diet of the Han Chinese in the Yuan Dynasty also inherited the main traditions of ancient Chinese food customs. Maintained a variety of characteristics of the food culture of the settled agricultural peoples. But due to Mongolia, the color of the various ethnic groups migrated to the mainland, brought in their respective dietary habits, the traditional dietary practices of the Han people have a clear impact. In particular, the Yuan dynasty court dietary practices of the influence of the day.

The Yuan Dynasty was ruled by the Mongols, so the dress of the Yuan Dynasty was also more special. The Mongols mostly made the hair on the forehead into a small lock, like a peach, and the rest was braided into two braids, and then wrapped into two large rings hanging behind the ears, and wore hats on their heads. The clothes of the Yuan Dynasty people were mainly "Qisun Clothes" which were shorter robes, tighter and narrower, with many folds at the waist, and these clothes were very convenient for mounting and dismounting from horses.

Yuan Dynasty noble women, often wearing a high, long, strange-looking hat, which is called "Kwu Kwu Crown". They wore robes that were wide and long, and it was inconvenient for them to walk, and they often needed two maidservants behind them to help them pull the corners of their robes, while common women, in general, wore black robes.

Men's clothing clothing:

Coronation clothing: the Son of God gun coronation clothing.

Crown Prince Gun coronation dress.

Official dress: worn by the hundred officials when performing rituals.

Common dress: the main clothing of the upper class in the Yuan Dynasty.