What are the architectural decorative patterns of the northern dynasties grottoes?

The grottoes in the Northern Dynasties left a wealth of architectural decorative patterns for later generations: in addition to the traditional patterns since the Qin and Han Dynasties, some decorations from India, Persia and Greece that came with Buddhist art were soon abandoned, but flame patterns, lotus flowers, grass-rolling patterns, wreaths, birds, lions and golden birds were not only used for architecture, but also for arts and crafts, especially the application of lotus flowers, grass-rolling patterns and flame patterns.