Urgent search: brief introduction of Bai nationality, Manchu nationality and Miao nationality and their musical styles

The population is 1858063.

General situation of nationalities

Bai nationality is a minority with a long history and culture in the southwest frontier of China. Mainly distributed in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, Lijiang, Bijiang, Baoshan, Nanhua, Yuanjiang, Kunming, Anning and other places, as well as Bijie in Guizhou, Liangshan in Sichuan and Sangzhi County in Hunan. According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 2000, the population of Bai nationality is 1858063. Use white language, belonging to Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman language family. Most residents speak their own language, and Chinese is widely used. In the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, "burning Chinese characters" was used, that is, the so-called "white reading of Chinese characters".

Social customs and habits

Bai people basically practice monogamy. The son separated immediately after marriage, and parents usually lived with their youngest son. Some of the landlords are big families with four generations living under one roof. People of the same family and surname don't marry, but they will marry their uncles and aunts as usual. Marriage is usually arranged by parents and should be suitable for each other. A childless woman can be adopted by her husband's wife, and a childless woman can also adopt her brother's children (adoption) or adopted children. Son-in-law and adopted son had to change their names and surnames in order to obtain the right to inherit property.

Before the Yuan Dynasty, the Bai people generally practiced cremation. After the Yuan Dynasty, due to the influence of the Han nationality, it was changed to burial. Funerals are usually grand.

Religious beliefs and important festivals

White worship is equivalent to the master of the village god and believes in Buddhism. The Lord has some natural gods, some princes in Nanzhao Dali and some heroes who kill people. In the late Tang Dynasty, Buddhism prevailed in Erhai Lake area. At first, "Brahman" and profound yoga were introduced. Profound monks call it "Gui Li", so it is also called "Yan Li". After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Zen Buddhism was introduced to Dali in the mainland, and Buddhist temples were spread all over the country, which made Erhai area have the title of "ancient and fragrant country" for a long time.

Manchu simple introduction

History of manchu has a long history and lived in the north of Changbai Mountain, Heilongjiang and Wusuli River basins as early as 2,000 years ago. The direct ancestor of Manchu was originally called "Heishuiju" and later developed into "Jurchen".

Nuerhachi, the emperor of Qing Dynasty, unified the ministries of Nuzhen in Northeast China, established the Eight Banners system of military and political integration, and established the post-Jin Dynasty. After Huang taiji succeeded to the throne as emperor, he led the Qing army into the customs, unified the whole country, abolished the old name of "Nuzhen" and named the clan "Manchuria", which was only called "Manchuria" after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Miao nationality, with a population of 7398035, is mainly distributed in Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hainan, Guangxi and other provinces (regions). Miaoling Mountain and Wuling Mountain, where Miao people live together, have mild climate, and are surrounded by mountains and waters, with large and small dams scattered all over the place. The ancestors of Miao people can be traced back to the Chiyou tribe, which was active in the Central Plains in primitive society. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Miao ancestors began to establish "Three Miao Countries" in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and engaged in agricultural rice cultivation. Miao people have migrated many times in history, and the general route is from the Yellow River valley to Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan. Miao nationality has its own language, belonging to the Miao branch of Miao Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Originally, there were no national characters, but Latin pinyin characters were created in the late 1950s. Nowadays, most people use Chinese. Miao people have a long history of music and dance, and Lusheng dance, which is deeply loved by the masses, is highly skilled. Miao people's arts and crafts, such as flower picking, embroidery, brocade, batik and jewelry making, are colorful and enjoy a high reputation in the world.

Bai (ba)

There are also many examples of changing beats in Bai folk songs and Bai opera music, which shows that this is one of the national characteristics of Bai folk music. The relatively fixed mode is more mature and perfect than Bai Die in terms of music structure, melody embellishment and other arts. The minor melody is smooth, indirect and tortuous, and the melody line is rich and changeable. Singing is softer, like a mountain stream, full of internal tension, although it does not make public the trend of breaking the valley. The music style of white minor is diverse, and each song has its own characteristics.

Manchu

Since ancient times, Manchu people living in the north of China and their ancestors have created a large number of Manchu folk songs, showing their labor, life and customs from many angles and aspects. ...

Miao ethnic group

The tone of Miao nationality's "flying songs", like a cornerstone, has a great influence on the musical style of mountain forests. "Gefei" series is characterized by three degrees of Gongdiao. This tone is huge and empty ... I'm afraid it is the crystallization of Miao people's long-term observation and experience of nature and their musical style.