Mongolian traditional festivals

Traditional festivals of Mongolians Important traditional festivals and customs of Mongolians

Introduction: Mongolian is one of the ethnic minorities in China, and it is highly recognized among 55 ethnic minorities. Presumably, in everyone's impression, Mongolians will ride horses, drink goat's milk and eat mutton. So, do you know what traditional festivals the Mongols have? The following is my introduction to important Mongolian traditional festivals and customs. Come and have a look.

Mongolian traditional festivals

1, offering sacrifices to Aobao

On this day, Mongolian men, women and children, in droves, led sheep and brought wine, went to Aobao, offered Hada, burned incense paper and brought sacrifices, then gathered for a picnic near Aobao and went home happily, hoping to pray for disaster relief. Then, the lamas burned incense and lights, chanted prayers, and the masses made three turns from left to right around Aobao, hoping to usher in a bumper harvest year for animal husbandry.

2. Nadam Convention

Nadam, which begins on the fourth day of the sixth lunar month every year, is a grand gathering of Mongolian people. The contents of the Nadam Congress mainly include wrestling, horse racing, archery, horse riding, playing Mongolian chess and other traditional ethnic events. In some places, there are track and field, tug of war, basketball and other sports.

This is a cultural and sports entertainment conference held by people to celebrate the harvest. "Nadam" means entertainment or games in Mongolian. There are thrilling horse racing, wrestling, admirable archery, competitive chess and fascinating songs and dances at the Nadam convention.

The "Nadam" conference is also an exposition of agricultural and animal husbandry materials. In addition to industrial and agricultural products, there are ethnic diets, such as beef and mutton and their smoked products, cheese, milk powder, cream, milk bumps, milk tofu, yogurt and so on.

3. Temple Fair

Celebrate the Lamaism Gelugpa Enlightenment Festival. At that time, the Mongolian people in Fiona Fang, hundreds of miles away, dressed in bright national costumes, will help the elderly and bring the young, ride horses, ride cars or walk, and gather in Meidai to give alms and catch the meeting. At the beginning of the temple fair, it was Joan who suppressed evil first; Then dance tea-horse dance, commonly known as jumping ghosts; There are lamas chanting in the Hall of the Great Hero, and the Buddha riding a yellow satin sedan chair with flowers and trees around the temple on the wall, praying for people and so on. After the founding of New China, the superstitious content of temple fairs was gradually eliminated, and activities such as visiting scenic spots, material exchange and cultural performances were increased.

4. Horse Milk Festival

Every year at the end of August in the lunar calendar, Mongolians hold a one-day horse milk festival. This festival is a traditional Mongolian festival, which is more common in Xilin Gol grassland in Inner Mongolia. In this harvest season, in order to wish health, happiness, auspiciousness and human and animal prosperity, herders named this festival after Baima Milk. In order to celebrate the bumper harvest and bless each other, besides preparing enough kumiss, we also treat guests with "hand-grilled meat", hold horse racing activities, invite folk singers to sing greetings, and present gifts to the elderly of Mongolian medicine.

5. Lantern Festival

Lantern Festival is called "Zule" by Mongols, and it falls on October 25th of the lunar calendar. This is a small-scale religious festival. It is said to commemorate Zong Kaba, the founder of Yellow Sect. On this evening, every family set up a wooden frame on the high slope and put on homemade lamps. The wick of this lamp is made of Achnatherum splendens. The number of grass in Ying Ying is determined according to everyone's age. The head of Achnatherum splendens is covered with cotton or wool coated with butter or sheep oil. After lighting the lamp, people turn three times from left to right, then sprinkle wine to worship the sky, kowtow to the Buddha, and pray for his long life and peace. In each yurt, a small oil lamp made of dough is lit all night, which symbolizes that the world is always bright and people live long.

6. Fire sacrifice

Mongolia has the custom of offering sacrifices to fire since ancient times, which is a prelude to the Lunar New Year. Before the fire sacrifice begins, the whole family will go to the yard, and the priest will put up sacrifices to burn incense. Then light a bundle of firewood and throw sacrifices such as butter, liquor and meat into the fire. Led by the elders, the whole family kowtowed to the fire.

The priest also prayed: Thanks to Vulcan's blessing, some unclean things were thrown into the fire. Please forgive Vulcan, and bless the harvest of crops, the prosperity of people and animals, and good luck and happiness in the coming year. Worship of fire is an ancient tradition of Mongolians. In the eyes of Mongols, fire is sacred. A family offering fire is inheritance, and it is necessary to offer fire when getting married for the New Year. There are a series of rituals and taboos around braziers and stoves.

7. Other festivals

There are many traditional festivals in Mongolia, including Mongolian New Year, Maidel Festival, Taklegan Festival and so on. They all have rich festival celebrations and festival cultural connotations, involving various fields, including all aspects.

Important Mongolian traditional festivals and customs

Jessica Beinecke

Mongolians used to call the Spring Festival "White Festival", but now they call the first month of the lunar calendar "Bai Yue". This is because Mongolians admire white. White day is the biggest festival in a year. The time of the festival is roughly the same as the Spring Festival. The lights don't go out day and night Before eating, you should worship your ancestors, and then the whole family will eat together. Usually, you should eat and drink more. The more wine and meat left, the better. This symbolizes the wealth of the new year. On New Year's Eve, the younger generation should propose a toast to their elders.

After dinner, we will hold various activities, such as playing chess, telling stories and dancing. On the morning of the first day, get up early, set tables and offerings outside the door, kowtow to the sunrise and worship the sky. Then I went back to my house and kowtowed to the Buddha. Children pay New Year greetings to their parents and elders. After all this, sit down by age, drink tea and propose a toast. After the New Year's Eve dinner, put on festive costumes, ride horses, and go to relatives and friends' homes in droves to pay New Year's greetings.

Nadam Fair

This is the biggest festival in Mongolia. "Nadam" is a transliteration of Mongolian, meaning game entertainment. The "Nadam" conference is usually held in July and August of the lunar calendar. At this time, herdsmen, regardless of gender, age, put on festive costumes and came from all directions by car. At the conference, traditional sports competitions will be held, such as archery, wrestling and horse racing. In addition, there are various chess competitions and various song and dance performances. Nadam usually lasts five to seven days.

Nadam originated in 13 century. At that time, Nadam's main events were archery, wrestling and horse racing. Today's "Nadam" has added many new contents such as material exchange and cultural performances. Make this traditional national activity more festive, auspicious, joyful and effective. Wrestling is the main content of Nadam, and it can't be called Nadam without wrestling. Wrestlers can be more or less, with a maximum of more than 1000, regardless of region and weight.

Mongolians attach great importance to the "Durham wrestler" in history, which is a lifelong honor. At the ceremony of awarding the honorary title, the wrestler who won the title of "Dahan" put on the full costume of the competition, sang three wrestling songs, and then jumped into the arena to perform. Badges, certificates and souvenirs were given to the leader who presided over Nadam, and he was invited to drink a bowl of milk wine and fresh milk according to national customs. At this time, the winner of "Durham" chose a most promising wrestler, took off his wrestling suit and gave it to him, volunteered to be an amateur coach, then hugged each other and jumped out together.

What traditional festivals are there in Mongolia?

Mongolian traditional festivals include Mongolian Spring Festival, Nadam Festival, Horse Milk Festival, Aobao Festival, Ancestor Festival and Lantern Festival. Mongolian Spring Festival coincides with traditional Spring Festival. On New Year's Eve, people usually eat braised pork and light bonfires to show family reunion, bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Nadam convention is held in July and August every year to show the joy of harvest.

Horse milk festival is mainly about praising horses and drinking horse milk wine, which is usually held in the late August of the lunar calendar. Ancestor's Day is held on June 20th of the lunar calendar every year to commemorate Genghis Khan, the ancestor of Mongolia. Lantern Festival is on October 25th of the lunar calendar every year. When night falls, every household lights butter lamps to celebrate.

Extended data:

During the Spring Festival, Mongolian people call it "New Year". In ancient times, the Spring Festival was called "white festival". Nowadays, people call the first month of the lunar calendar "Bai Yue". It turns out that Mongols take "white" as auspicious. It is said to be related to daily consumption of white milk, which means to congratulate the New Year and be lucky.

Bai Yue is also a time for people to get together. Before the festival, people should make a beautiful Mongolian robe, prepare mutton and various dairy products, add a few jars of wine, and then start to "tune the horses".

On New Year's Eve, the whole family sat among the yurts and started drinking and eating at midnight. Usually, they should eat and drink more. On New Year's Eve, people will also offer "farewell wine" to their elders, sit around and eat jiaozi, commonly known as "yellow steamed stuffed bun" or "flat food", play "Garaka", listen to artists telling stories, and stay up all night and indulge in joy.

Mongolian traditional festivals

Mongolian traditional festivals include Mongolian Spring Festival, Horse Milk Festival, White Festival, Nadam Festival, Aobao Festival, Lantern Festival, Lantern Festival, Maidel Festival and Taklegan Festival.

1, Mongolian Spring Festival

The date is the same as the Tibetan New Year. Mongolia used to call it "Herdsmen's Day" and celebrated it only in pastoral areas. The presidium of Mongolian Great Hural decided to make the Spring Festival a national holiday.

2. Horse Milk Festival

Horse milk festival is a traditional Mongolian festival, mainly drinking horse milk wine. Popular in Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia and some pastoral areas in Erdos. Usually held in late August of the lunar calendar, the date is not fixed and lasts for one day. Raising five animals, milking and processing all kinds of dairy foods are important contents of Mongolian people's animal husbandry and nomadic life. Milk food is also the main food source for herders, so every year when new milk comes out, certain ceremonies and parties are held to celebrate, hoping to get more and better milk food, among which the Horse Milk Festival is ancient and typical.

3. White Festival

The White Festival is the biggest festival of the Mongolian people in a year, which is equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han people. During the whole Baiyue period, young men and women on the grassland rode horses one after another, carrying brand-new Hada and fine wine, and went door to door to pay New Year greetings to Houte's relatives, friends and parents. But now, I see more young men and women riding motorcycles or driving jeeps on the grassland. The way to pay New Year greetings is an excellent opportunity for young men and women to race horses, chase and play. People who are immersed in the scene all feel the eclectic life interest and boldness of the horseback people.

4. Nadam

Nadam is Mongolian, which means "entertainment and games" and expresses the joy of harvest. The "Nadam" conference is a traditional festival with a long history in Mongolia and occupies an important position in the life of the Mongolian people. Nowadays, in addition to the men's triathlon, Nadam has also added new contents such as polo, equestrian, track and field, ball games and Ulan Qi Mu performance, and held a material exchange meeting to commend advanced athletes. In Nadam, the herdsmen in Fiona Fang, a pastoral area, wore festive costumes for hundreds of miles and came to visit in an endless stream, riding horses, riding cars and pushing carts.

5. Sacrifice Aobao

Aobao is Mongolian, meaning heap or bulge. One of the grand sacrificial festivals of Mongolian people. Aobao is generally located on high mountains or hills. It is a cone-shaped solid tower made of stone, with a long rod inserted at the top, animal hair horns and scripture cloth tied to its head, and a cushion stone burning cedar wood around it. Next to Aobao are branches covered with whole sheep, koumiss, butter and cheese.

When offering sacrifices, in ancient times, shaman wizards beat gongs and drums, recited spells, worshipped and prayed; In modern times, lamas burn incense and make fires, chanting scriptures and chanting scriptures. Herdsmen circled Aobao three times from left to right, praying for God's blessing.

6. Lantern Festival

Lantern Festival is called "Zule" by Mongols, and it falls on October 25th of the lunar calendar. This is a small-scale religious festival. It is said to commemorate Zong Kaba, the founder of Yellow Sect. On this evening, every family set up a wooden frame on the high slope and put on homemade lamps. The wick of this lamp is made of Achnatherum splendens. In each yurt, a small oil lamp made of dough is lit all night, which symbolizes that the world is always bright and people live long.

7. Lantern Festival

Every year on the 25th day of the Lunar New Year 10, as night falls, every household lights butter lamps to celebrate. Today, most Mongolians in Buksaier Mongolian Autonomous County and emin county have not celebrated the Lantern Festival; In Wusu, Mongolians don't burn lanterns on the Lantern Festival, but use various forms of entertainment. The entertainment activities of Lantern Festival include horse racing, camel racing, wrestling, archery, tug-of-war, folk singers playing and singing, Ma Touqin playing "Jianger" and folk dances. The Mongolian dance in Turhut includes group dance, solo dance, duet between men and women, singing and dancing, which shows the unique characteristics of grassland nationalities.

8. Maidel Festival

Maidel Festival is a festival to commemorate Maitreya Buddha, which is celebrated on the 15th day of the first month, with strong religious color. On the day of the festival, Maitreya statues are hung in every yellow temple, and nearby herders come to the temple to offer offerings, burn incense and worship. If there is a living Buddha in the temple, it will be presided over by the living Buddha, and if there is no living Buddha, it will be presided over by the Dalai Lama. After worshipping the Buddha, everyone carried out traditional Mongolian entertainment activities such as archery, horse racing and afterwords under the leadership of Gu Zida.

9. Tucker Gan Jie

Taklegan Festival is a large-scale tribal-centered ritual activity for Aobao held by Mongolians every summer. Aobao is generally placed on hills rich in aquatic plants. The worship of Aobao may come from ancient mountain worship, which is the expression of Mongolian worship of nature. When offering sacrifices to Aobao, herders from the same tribe rode horses and camels and brought wine and meat to the mountain where Aobao was located. At that time, people will present Hada first, and then the living Buddha or the Great Lama will lead the people to chant scriptures around Aobao, hoping that God will bless the world and give people peace. If there is drought, pray for rain, so that the earth will be rich in water and grass, and livestock will thrive. After Aobao Sacrifice, traditional Mongolian folk entertainment activities such as horse racing, wrestling and archery began. Mongolian Spring Festival coincides with traditional Spring Festival. On New Year's Eve, people usually eat braised pork and light bonfires to show family reunion, bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Nadam convention is held in July and August every year to show the joy of harvest. Horse milk festival is mainly about praising horses and drinking horse milk wine, which is usually held in the late August of the lunar calendar. Ancestor's Day is held on June 20th of the lunar calendar every year to commemorate Genghis Khan, the ancestor of Mongolia. Lantern Festival is on October 25th of the lunar calendar every year. When night falls, every household lights butter lamps to celebrate. Extended data:

During the Spring Festival, Mongolian people call it "New Year". In ancient times, the Spring Festival was called "white festival". Nowadays, people call the first month of the lunar calendar "Bai Yue". It turns out that Mongols take "white" as auspicious. It is said to be related to daily consumption of white milk, which means to congratulate the New Year and be lucky. Bai Yue is also a time for people to get together. Before the festival, people should make a beautiful Mongolian robe, prepare mutton and various dairy products, add a few jars of wine, and then start to "tune the horses". On New Year's Eve, the whole family sat among the yurts and started drinking and eating at midnight. Usually, they should eat and drink more. On New Year's Eve, people will also offer "farewell wine" to their elders, sit around and eat jiaozi, commonly known as "yellow steamed stuffed bun" or "flat food", play "Garaka", listen to artists telling stories, and stay up all night and indulge in joy.

Historical origin:

The early social economy of Mongols was mainly hunting and nomadic. Until the13rd century, Mongols still had the custom of "hunting everywhere". For a long time, animal husbandry economy has been the main socio-economic category of Mongolian people. It was not until the16th century that Mongolian talents developed a mixed farming economy of animal husbandry and agriculture in Pingchuan, where there were conditions for farming on both sides of the river. By the beginning of the 20th century, the regional economy of Mongolians could be divided into animal husbandry area, agricultural area and semi-animal husbandry and semi-agricultural area.

Major festivals:

Four seasons of Mongolian festivals

Mongolian calendar March 21-Sacrifice to heaven with the milk of ninety-nine white horses.

Mongolian Festival Reel Festival

—— In September of the Mongolian lunar calendar, horses are squeezed to catch colts in March, and colts are released in September.

Mongolian Festival Summer Lake Festival

-The Mongolian calendar is in May.

Mongolian Festival Tesma Festival

-Mongolian Lunar New Year165438+1October 3-Dealing with pimps.

Mongolian Festival Black Soulideth Festival

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Mongolian Festival White Moon Festival

-Mongolian Lunar Calendar 65438+ 10 1- Just like the Tibetan New Year, it is the Mongolian Spring Festival.

Mongolian Festival Fire Sacrifice

-Sacrifice to Vulcan, 65438+ February 23-24 of the lunar calendar-Sacrifice with sheep breast.

What is the most important festival for Mongolians?

The most important festival of Mongolians is Nadam Congress.

Mongolian traditional festivals mainly include: Mongolian New Year, Genghis Khan Memorial Festival, Nadam Festival, Bristle Festival and Horse Milk Festival. Nadam is a traditional festival with a long history in Mongolia, which plays an important role in the material life of the Mongolian people.

Nadam means "entertainment" or "game" in Mongolian. It occupies an important position in the life of the Mongolian people, and it is produced to meet the living needs of the Mongolian people. Nadam convention has a long history. In the past, during the Nadam Conference, there were large-scale sacrificial activities, and lamas had to burn incense and light lamps, recite scriptures and praise Buddha, and pray for the blessing of the gods to eliminate disasters. At present, the Nadam Convention mainly includes wrestling, horse racing, archery, saburo, horse riding, playing Mongolian chess and other traditional national events. Some places have sports competitions such as track and field, tug-of-war, volleyball and basketball. In addition, there are wonderful performances such as martial arts, polo, archery on horseback, chopping on horseback, Atletico walking, riding skills, motorcycles and so on. Horses participating in the Atletico Walking Race must undergo special training. They can't leave the ground on all fours at the same time They can only walk fast, but they can't run fast. As night falls, the melodious and passionate voice of Ma Touqin is floating on the grassland, young men and women are singing and dancing by the bonfire, and people are immersed in the joy of the festival.

What are the traditional Mongolian festivals?

Mongolian traditional festivals include Genghis Khan Memorial Festival, Nadam Festival, Aobao Festival, Horse Milk Festival and White Festival.

1, Genghis Khan Memorial Day

According to Mongolian customs, the 17th day of the third lunar month is a day to commemorate Genghis Khan's outstanding military talents and achievements. The memorial ceremony of Sulu ingot, a relic of Genghis Khan, was held on this day. Genghis Khan Festival, also known as ancestor worship festival, is held every year on June 20th of the lunar calendar, which is a festival to commemorate Genghis Khan, the ancestor of Mongolia.

2. Nadam Convention

Nadam convention is a traditional activity with distinctive national characteristics of Mongolian people in China, and it is also a traditional sports activity form that Mongolian people like to see and hear. "Nadam" is a transliteration of Mongolian, which can not only be translated as "entertainment and games", but also express the joy of harvest. Nadam started on the fourth day of the sixth lunar month every year, which is an annual traditional activity on the grassland.

3. Aobao Festival

Aobao Festival is a Mongolian festival with a long history. Every July and August, Mongolians often get together to celebrate this festival. Although Tuwa people in Aobao Festival near Kanas Lake are a branch of Mongolian people, their festivals are different from those of Mongolian people. When the flowers are blooming and the grass is covered, Tuwa people will gather together with their own brewed milk wine and barbecue. After holding sports activities such as horse racing, wrestling and archery, men and women in the village will sit together in groups of three and five and enjoy milk wine, barbecue and other foods to celebrate the festival.

4. Horse Milk Festival

Horse milk festival is a traditional Mongolian festival, mainly drinking horse milk wine. Popular in Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia and some pastoral areas in Erdos. Usually held in late August of the lunar calendar, the date is not fixed and lasts for one day.

5. White Festival

White Festival, also known as "Bai Yue" and Chagan Sari, is the Spring Festival of Mongolians. White Festival is the biggest festival of Mongolian people in a year, which is equivalent to the Spring Festival of Han people. Legend has it that it is related to the whiteness of milk, which means wishing good luck.