What is Neo-Confucianism? What does it include? And what do you mean by "putting things into practice" and "putting things into practice" respectively?

Neo-Confucianism is an idealistic philosophy advocating rationality in Song and Ming Dynasties. Including objective idealism represented by Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and Zhu and subjective idealism represented by Lu Jiuyuan. The former believes that "reason" is eternal and a spiritual entity that exists before the world, and everything in the world can only be derived from "reason". The latter puts forward that "there is nothing outside the heart, but it is unreasonable outside the heart" and thinks that subjective consciousness is the origin of everything in the world. Also called "Daoism".

Practical application means that learning must be beneficial to national affairs.

To know knowledge by studying things is to study the truth of things in poverty and then summarize it into rational knowledge.