What political systems were implemented in Xia and Shang Dynasties?

Xia Qi, the political system in Xia and Shang Dynasties, initiated the system of "family in the world" (hereditary system of the throne), that is, after the ancient emperor abdicated, he transferred the ninth five-year plan of the emperor to his son. Hereditary system means that names, titles and property are passed down from generation to generation according to blood relationship. This inheritance mainly includes the inheritance of "parents" and the inheritance of vassal States, which is very feudal.

The Shang Dynasty practiced the patriarchal clan system-the patriarchal clan system distinguished relatives and friends according to their blood relationship. As early as the primitive clan period, the patriarchal clan system had sprouted, but the formation and appearance of a complete system to maintain aristocratic relations was a matter of the Zhou Dynasty. Under the patriarchal clan system, "the emperor founded the country, the vassal established the family, the Qing set up a side room, there were two doctors, and the scholar had the son of an official" (Zuo Zhuan was published for two years), forming a systematic and complete system.

After the ancient emperor abdicated, he transferred the Ninth Five-Year Plan to his son. Hereditary system means that names, titles and property are passed down from generation to generation according to blood relationship. This inheritance mainly includes the inheritance of "parents" and the inheritance of vassal States.

The inheritance of "parents" can also be divided into paternal and maternal lines. Ruling monarchs also undertake, and monarchs may be related by blood, but they are not necessarily lineal. Some brothers pass on their brothers, and some uncles pass on their descendants. Some were ordered by the king, and some were robbed of class and seized power, seeking power and usurping the throne, so it was not a hereditary case.

The patriarchal clan system evolved from the patriarchal clan system, which is a system in which the royal family and nobles distribute state power according to blood relationship in order to establish hereditary rule. It is characterized by the combination of clan organization and state organization, and the patriarchal hierarchy is completely consistent with the political hierarchy.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-patriarchal clan system

Baidu encyclopedia-hereditary system