Classification of German Secondary Schools What secondary schools are there to study in Germany? How to choose a school?

China high school graduates can not directly enter German universities, but choose to study in Germany, which can avoid the above troubles and directly enter German universities. Let's sort out the classification and choice of German middle schools for you.

I. Classification categories

1, liberal arts middle school

Students with good grades generally choose to study in liberal arts middle schools. The academic system of liberal arts middle school is 8-9 years. After graduation, you can enter a comprehensive university in Germany by obtaining the diploma of Abitur (universal in all federal states). According to statistics, in Germany, usually only 30~40% students can enter senior liberal arts middle schools.

The last two senior departments of liberal arts middle school (cumulative Abitur grade stage) have the nature of pre-university, and their compulsory courses and elective courses are divided into two categories: basic courses (Grundkurs) and specialized courses (Leistungskurs).

When entering the senior stage of liberal arts middle school, the teaching method adopts Kurssystem, that is, students can freely choose their study courses and key subjects according to their hobbies and development direction as preparation and adaptation before entering the university.

Compulsory courses are usually divided into language, literature, art, social science, mathematics, natural science, religion, physical education and so on.

Elective courses are usually basic or introductory courses of various disciplines in universities, and students must take more than two specialized courses. One of the subjects must be Chinese, mathematics or natural science.

There are four subjects in the senior high school entrance examination, two compulsory professional courses and two basic courses. In addition, in order to expand the scope and depth of elective courses, courses such as psychology, law, sociology and economics have been added.

Nowadays, liberal arts high schools have also increased various related vocational education to meet the needs of society. For example, high school TechnischesGymnasium, which focuses on science and technology education, Wirtschaftsgymnasium, which focuses on the economic field, and Berufsoberschule, a senior professional school, etc. High school students can get a high school diploma Hochschulreife from it.

2. Practical middle school

Students with average grades often enter practical middle schools for 5-6 years.

It was established by imitating middle schools in Prussia, focusing on higher vocational education. It is a model in the German education system and has a good educational effect. The school focuses on cultivating practical talents in the industrial and commercial circles and government agencies.

The source background of practical middle schools is mainly the middle class.

Its success is attributed to the following aspects:

On the one hand, the teaching content of practical middle schools attaches importance to the social background of Germany's transformation to the tertiary industry;

On the other hand, students who graduate from this course can get an intermediate diploma, and they have many possibilities to choose development, such as higher career development or further study. Therefore, practical middle school is a successful school type in German education system.

Its courses are mainly social science, natural science and language, with special emphasis on the practicality of subjects, among which the compulsory parts are: foreign languages (usually English), natural science (mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology), social science (history, economy and geography), home economics and music art.

There are elective courses in the seventh grade, such as nature, handicrafts and a second foreign language (usually French). Most graduates will choose to continue to receive full-time higher vocational and technical education, and a few will receive vocational training.

3. Vocational preparation courses

Some students with partial subjects but strong hands-on ability will decisively choose the five-year vocational preparatory course. Most graduates continue to enter dual vocational education (dual system) and complete apprenticeship training. In the future, he will work in handicrafts and manufacturing and become a "blue collar" in Germany's powerful industrial manufacturing field.

The contents of the courses students study are relatively simple, including religion, German, geography, history, music, science and technology, economy, English, mathematics, physics and chemistry, biology and physical education.

In Germany, not all children are willing to go to ordinary universities, which is very different from our country, and it is not a reflection of "bad".

Due to Germany's national conditions as an industrial power, the large demand for professional talents in society, and the salary theory of seniority, many children who studied in middle schools for ten years graduated from vocational schools very early. At school, they will learn something more practical and less theoretical, and enter social work earlier than their peers.

People who come out of nine-year schools may not be despised, and they can have a good job with skills and practicality.

4. Comprehensive middle school

Gesamtschule, established in some states, is a combination of the above three traditional school types, usually including grade five or grade seven to ten. Some comprehensive schools also offer high schools, which are similar to liberal arts middle schools. All states in the Federation recognize the graduation qualification of comprehensive schools. In recent years, comprehensive schools have been welcomed by students and parents because of their flexible educational organization, and become the second pillar of German school education system besides liberal arts middle schools.

Comprehensive schools implement the principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Students can choose higher or simpler courses according to their abilities, and the syllabus also includes courses in vocational education.

Types of comprehensive middle schools

The first category is integrierten Gesamtschulen, students are fully integrated and there is no grade grouping.

The other is kooperativen Gesamtschulen, in which students in some subjects must be grouped according to their grades.

Comprehensive middle schools are established on the basis of "equal opportunities". I hope that all students with unsatisfactory grades will not lose better learning opportunities because of unsatisfactory grades in some subjects. They can develop according to their personal preferences and interests, and will not lose better development because of partiality, such as the mechanism of social elimination.

Second, recommended by German middle schools

1, Heidelberg Arts and Sciences High School

Heidelberg Senior Liberal Arts Middle School is a private senior liberal arts middle school recognized by the German Ministry of Education. 1887, Heidelberg College, which focuses on English teaching, was established. 1906 Heidelberg English College was transformed into today's senior liberal arts middle school. The school has a history of 170 years, with modern teaching concepts and strong teachers. In addition, the school is also the oldest boarding senior liberal arts school in Baden-Wü rttemberg, with no religious color.

2. Lucius High School of Arts and Sciences

Lucius Art and Science High School is the oldest family-run boarding school in Germany today. Lucius family is an educational family with a history of more than 200 years. Compared with ordinary education professionals, the educational experience of Lucius family can be said to be innate. In the face of many children's problems, you don't need to spend time thinking. You can naturally handle and solve them with the ideas of educators. The children educated by the school's educational philosophy are all excellent.

3. Francis High School of Arts and Sciences

Francis Senior High School of Arts and Sciences is located in westfalen, North Rhine, a small town called Watson Nack, which belongs to Dylan County of Cologne Administrative Region. It is only about an hour's train ride from Cologne with a history of more than 2,000 years, which is convenient and fast. After the weekend, students can relax in the big city and feel the cultural atmosphere brought by this historic city.