(15 marks) Democratic Ideas and Practices in Modern Societies Material 1 In traditional Chinese political culture, there is an element of the idea of "people-based" but not "democracy". The Chinese tr

(1) Awareness: confuse the traditional Chinese idea of "people-based" with the modern Western idea of democracy. Causes: the development of national capitalism is not yet mature; the influence of traditional political culture is still enormous; limited knowledge of Western democracy. (2) Differences: a more comprehensive understanding of Western democracy; traditional Chinese political culture to make up for the shortcomings of the Western democratic model. Explanations: the spread and development of democratic ideas will not be smooth; traditional culture and foreign civilizations can learn from each other; Sun Yat-sen had a broad political vision, was good at learning and was brave to innovate.

Test Question Analysis: Question (1) recognizes the generalization and refinement from the materials; the reasons can be analyzed from the social environment of modern China, such as the economy, class, and the influence of traditional culture. Economically, the development of national industry is still relatively weak, has not yet carried out the Enlightenment in the field of thought, and does not understand the content of freedom and equality of natural human rights, limited knowledge of Western democracy. Question (2) will be Material 2, "China should be a country of the people, by the people, for the people" compared to Material 1 to analyze the difference; from the spread of democratic ideas, the collision of Chinese and Western cultures, Sun Yat-sen's personal qualities and other degrees of understanding, to realize that the development of democracy in China is not smooth sailing, it is a gradual process.