How many famous doctors from the Tang Dynasty to the present

Zhang Baozang (张宝藏), with the character 澹, was a native of Liyang (present-day Lintong, Shaanxi Province) in Tang Dynasty, who lived around the sixth century AD. Tang zhen guan years (627 ~ 649), treasure has seventy years, as jinwu long, because of the cure of tai zong li shimin's gas dysentery disease, was awarded the third grade civil official hongluqing, he is China's medical history of the highest official title. First, the cure has a prescription during the reign of zhen guan, tang tai zong li shi min's stomach and intestines out of the problem, the palace of the imperial doctors take turns, but are not obvious effect. Tang Taizong issued an imperial edict to the medical prescription, who offered the prescription can cure the disease, there will be a heavy reward.　Zhang Baozang, who was then the chief historian of the Jingwuwei and often on duty beside Emperor Taizong, was almost seventy years old. When he heard about the Emperor's illness, he remembered that he had suffered from a similar illness and had taken a soup called Milk Decoction of Wicker, which was very effective, so he offered this recipe. Wicker is a herb that can be used to treat vomiting and diarrhea. Tang Taizong was so happy that he ordered Zhang Baozang to be promoted to the fifth rank after taking the decoction. Wei Zheng thought that the promotion of Zhang Baozang was not in line with the system of the court, so he suppressed the matter. About a month later, Tang Taizong's gastrointestinal disease again, this time he directly let people boil the milk decoction Wicker dial soup to take, again a drink on the good. After the disease is well, Tang Taizong would like to think why again committed the disease, is not that link out of the problem, so think of offering the prescription of Zhang Baozang, said a while ago that is to give him a five official to do, but has not seen the following report, is not the heavens in the punishment of their own words are not trustworthy? So Li Shimin asked Wei Zheng. Wei Zheng explained, I received the emperor's decree at that time should be immediately implemented, but do not know the meaning of the emperor is to let him as a civil official or as a military official, this matter has been delayed. Tang Taizong heard this angry, it is not obvious intention to delay it. Taizong in a fit of anger began to train people, he said that some people cured the prime minister's disease as a third-ranking officials, I am the current son of God, my life is not as heavy as you prime ministers? You are not saying that you can not figure out whether to let Zhang Baozang as a civil official or a military official, so let's make it clear, to give a third grade civil official, to be the Honglu Secretary.　Honglu Secretary is the head of Honglu Temple. The main duty of Honglu Temple is to receive foreigners who come to see the Emperor of Tang Dynasty, and to take charge of the funeral matters of the royal family and officials of the third grade and above. There were nine temples in the center of the Tang Dynasty, namely, Taichang, Guanglu, Weiwei, Zongzheng, Taibu, Dali, Honglu, Sinong, and Taifu, and among these nine temples, the status of Honglu Temple ranked at the back. Zhang Baozang cured Emperor Tang Taizong's "dysentery" with a single prescription of "cow's milk fried with wicker-wellet", which became a famous story for a while. Zhang Baozang's prescription was very simple, consisting of only two medicines: half a catty of milk, decocted with three qian (9 grams) of wicker-welfare, to be taken on an empty stomach. It is effective in treating diarrhea accompanied by excessive farting. Liu Yuxi, a writer and famous doctor in the Tang Dynasty, has written about this, and Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica praises this formula as "regulating the spleen and stomach, and harmonizing yin and yang". He said: "Cow's milk wicker betel is effective in treating "qi diarrhea". He believes that "gas dysentery" is due to the imbalance of heat and cold. Cow's milk, slightly cold in nature, has the effect of replenishing deficiency, benefiting the lungs and stomach, generating fluids and moistening the intestines. Wicker Welfare, warm in nature, has the effect of warming the center, dispersing heat, and relieving pain. The use of cow's milk and pulse-wheat harmonizes yin and yang, so it is suitable for this disease.

Cui Zhi Ti, a famous physician of the Tang Dynasty

I. "Compilation of Essential Formulas", 10 volumes, in the "Old Tang Book - Classic Records". New Tang Book - Arts and Letters, "Cui Xinggong wrote", is not accurate. The old and new "Tang Book - Cui Xinggong biography" did not say that he knew medicine. Cui's formula, listed Cui Zhi Ti's official rank family history, must not be wrong. Duo JiYuanYin "Chinese medicine" said, this book is lost.

Two, "bone vapor disease moxibustion formula," a volume, and see the old and new "Tang book. Tongzhi - art and literature" as "moxibustion labor method" one volume, "Song Shi - art and literature" has "Cui's bone vapor formula" three volumes. Wai Tai Secret Essentials" for: "Cui's other records", "moxibustion bone vapor formula", Fangzhong Shanglang Zhi Ti wrote. The Chinese medical books said to be lost. The national history of the book of records: Cui Zhi Ti "moxibustion labor" a volume.

Three, the birth of a volume of charts, and see the old and new "Tang Shu Zhi". Chong Wen General Catalog" as "birth identification chart", "Chinese medical books" said lost. This book can be seen in the "outside the secret formula" in its outline.

Four, "Cui Zhi Ti set" five volumes, see "Tang book - book of records".

Fifth, "Laws" two volumes, see the "Tang Book, the book of books," for the book of the B Department, co-authored with others, and the "New Book of Tang - Arts and Letters" recorded, as Cui Zhi Ti "Laws," a volume.

Cui Zhi Ti since young, good at acupuncture and moxibustion, especially good at the method of hot bone steam. His book "Cui's compilation of the formula", but also to "hot bone vapor disease formula" for the most famous. There is another single book "Cui's other records", "outside the secret formula" into the title of the "hot bone vapor law chart", that is, the world Cui Prime Minister "moxibustion".

"Su Shen Liang Fang" said: "Cui Chancellor" hot labor method. The Secret Essentials of Wai Tai" Cui Cunxiang's "family formula", and Wang Baochen "experience formula", all compiled and contained, but there are errors. Neighboring counties have the most detailed stone carvings, Yu take all the reference school, into this book, than the ancients Fang extremely aggrieved. According to the treatment of people, not tasted untested, often a moxibustion and healing. I in Xuancheng, long illness and weakness, with this and healed." Cui's "moxibustion bone vapor formula - since the preface", which describes the aliases of bone vapor disease, symptoms, to exhaustive. According to Cui's said the back of the brain near the bottom of the two small knots, is scrofula, is the cervical lymph gland tuberculosis; Abdominal lumps, is the mesenteric lymphatic tuberculosis. This is the beginning of the homology of scrofula and tuberculosis in China. The European theory of this began in Linnianke's, is in the 18th century, later than our country more than 1,000 years.

Cui's treatment is not only the use of pills, creams and ointments for internal use, but also the use of external treatment and other physical therapy. The most famous one is "Moxibustion Bone Steam Square". Cui's "Moxibustion Method for Massive Obstruction and Qi" is cited in the twelfth volume of Waidai Secrets and Essentials, which has different points and moxibustion treatment methods. And the "Wai Tai Secret Essentials Formula" Volume 26, cited Cui's "moxibustion hemorrhoid method" two, such as: he ...... high Guozhou first moxibustion to one hundred strong to get poor. After thirty years of recurrence, and moxibustion will be broken. And treatment of waist and feet.

Sun Simiao, Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yao County, Shaanxi Province), was born in Sui Kaihuang first year (AD 581), died in Tang Yongchun first year (AD 682), lived one hundred and twenty-two years old (some evidence of living one hundred and forty-one years old). People regarded him as a "fairy" and honored him as the "King of Medicine". He was diligent and studious from a young age, reading at the age of seven, reciting more than a thousand words a day, and was known as a "holy child". By the age of twenty, he was already well versed in the doctrines of all the schools of thought, both "good at talking about Zhuang and Lao" and "good at explaining the classics", and his knowledge was very profound. Sui and Tang emperors repeatedly asked him to be an official, he is "solid resignation", and aspire to study medicine, his understanding of this, from personal experience. When he was a child, he was weak and sick, and often had to ask the doctor to treat him, "the soup and medicine of the capital, exhausted the family's assets. Around the poor people, also like him, because of the disease made poor, some even do not get treatment and die a tragic death these things, so that he felt: "human life is very important, there are expensive thousands of gold. A party to help, the virtue of more than this" ("Thousand Golden Essentials" preface). Therefore, at the age of eighteen, he began to "aspire to study medicine" and made great painstaking efforts, so to speak, "the year of the dickey (the clothes worn by the ancient students, later referred to as the enrollment of the students), the noble Zidian. White head of the year, have not tasted the release of the volume" ("Thousand Golden Essentials" self-preface). After such a long period of painstaking study, his medical attainments are very deep, and he became the leader of the medical profession in the Sui and Tang dynasties. Lin Yi of the Song Dynasty said: "Sun Simiao out of the Tang Dynasty, sincere generation of good doctors".

He wrote the "Preparing for the emergency Qianjin Yaofang", referred to as "Qianjin Yaofang", *** thirty volumes, the content is extremely rich. Sub-medicine general, women, young children, infants and children, the seven orifices, the wind, foot, typhoid, internal organs, carbuncles, detoxification, emergency preparation of the formula, food, flat pulse, acupuncture and moxibustion, etc., *** counting two hundred and thirty-two doors, collection of five thousand three hundred first. Especially noteworthy is that the book is the first "compound prescription". Typhoid Fever Treatise" is a disease of one party, and Sun Simiao in the "Thousand Golden Essentials" in the development of a disease of more than one party, but also a flexible variation of Zhang Zhongjing's "prescription". Sometimes two or three prescriptions are synthesized into a "compound prescription" to enhance the therapeutic effect; sometimes a prescription is divided into several single prescriptions to treat a certain disease separately. This is Sun Simiao's major contribution to medicine, a major innovation in the history of Chinese medicine. Qianjin Yifang is a supplement to Qianjin Yaofang. The name of the book contains the meaning of complementing and supplementing the Qianjin Yaofang and flying with both wings. This book **** thirty volumes, which included drugs not found in the materia medica before the Tang Dynasty, supplemented with many formulas and treatment methods. The first contained more than eight hundred kinds of drugs. These two books, collectively known as "Qianjin Fang", collected a large amount of medical information, is a systematic summary of the achievements of medicine before the Tang Dynasty, is also the earliest surviving medical books in China, for the study and research of China's traditional medicine has an important reference value. Guo Si of the Song Dynasty spoke highly of the Qianjin Fang, saying, "The world knows this book as the treasure of medical scriptures" (Qianjin Baoyao). Xu Dachun, a medical doctor in the Qing Dynasty, also thought that the book was "unique in terms of its intention and the use of medicines, and it has an indelible character" ("On the Origin and Flow of Medicine"). The book was not only popular at home, but also affected foreign countries, such as Korea and Japan. Sixty-eight years A.D., the Japanese doctors who came to China to study medicine, the "Qianjin Fang" and other parties to bring back to Japan, the Japanese Chinese medicine has a profound impact.

As Sun Simiao combined practice, humbly and widely learn the strengths of various schools, so the level of medicine is very high, there are many unique contributions. Among them, the treatment of foot fungus disease is the most skillful. Foot fungus disease is caused by the lack of vitamin B in the human body. This disease has tormented the masses in the Jiangnan area for many years. Sun Simiao in the study of predecessors and summarize the experience of the masses on the basis of long-term exploration, finally put forward a miraculous effect and simple prevention and treatment program, that is, with the use of anti-hexidine, fine Xin, rhinoceros horn, castor leaves, Sichuan pepper, wind, Wu Zhuzhu, and other medicines containing vitamin B1 to treat, with the use of vitamin B1-containing grain skin (Broussonetia kasuga bark) boiled in soup gruel often taken to prevent, which is very advanced in the world of medical history. Europe in one thousand six hundred and forty-two years AD, began to make foot disease research, and Sun Simiao as early as six hundred years AD, has been discussed in detail, and mastered the correct method of prevention and treatment, than the European one thousand years earlier.

Sun Simiao paid special attention to maternal and child health, is the creation of gynecology pioneer. He was the first in the "Thousand Golden Essentials" in the gynecology of three volumes, pediatrics, a volume, the gynecology and pediatrics in a prominent position. He also broke the bad practice of "each following a single profession" in the medical profession at that time, and advocated the use of integrative therapies to treat diseases. He said: "the way of a good doctor, must first diagnose the pulse prescription, the second that is acupuncture and moxibustion, internal and external support, the disease will be when healed. He himself with drugs, needles, moxibustion are very familiar with the patient, do not ask "rich and poor", regardless of "day and night, cold and heat, hunger, thirst and fatigue, a heart to save". Once on the road, he saw a few people carrying a coffin in front of him, a few drops of blood dripping out of the coffin, followed by an old woman, crying sadly. This situation caught his attention. When he asked, he realized that the "dead person" in the coffin was the only daughter of the old woman who had just died in childbirth. He told the old woman that the mother was not dead. So he opened the coffin to rescue her. At first glance, the woman's face is yellow, not a trace of blood, with the dead no different, but a touch of the pulse is still slightly beating. Sun Simiao selected acupuncture points, only a needle, not long, the mother woke up, the fetus is also smooth delivery. Seeing that the mother and child were saved, everyone was very grateful and praised him for his skill. The famous doctors of the past dynasties said: "Tang Sun Zhen Zhen, the formula is excellent, help the weak, should be as effective as God" ("Materia Medica Monchuan").

Sun Simiao made so many significant contributions to the cause of medicine in his lifetime, but when he died, he willed "a thin funeral, do not hide the Ming ware, sacrifices to go to the prison". This spirit is very valuable. He was loved and admired by the people. His hometown people built a temple and a monument for him, and renamed the "Wutai Mountain" where he lived as a hermit as "Medicine King Mountain". There are many monuments about Sun Simiao preserved on the mountain, such as the "Medicine King Temple", "Worshiping the True Platform", "Taixuan Cave", "Thousand Golden Treasures Tablet "This also shows that the people of all generations have paid great attention to him. It also shows how deep the people's affection for him has been through the ages.

Wang Tao, (date of birth and death unknown) Tang Dynasty medical doctor. He was the grandson of the famous physician Wang Gui. He served as a governor and governor of Yecheng County. Diligent and studious, he studied ancient medical books and sought advice from many famous doctors, especially in the treatment of gynecology and pediatrics. He wrote a book called "Secret Essentials of the Foreign Desk", in which he recorded many ancient medical prescriptions and various infectious diseases, and made special chapters on gynecology and pediatrics.

Qian Yi, character Zhong Yang. Ancestral home in Qiantang, Zhejiang Province, so as to be Dongping Yunchengzhou (now Yuncheng County, Shandong Province) people. Qian Yi is China's medical history of the first famous pediatrics experts. Qian B wrote the "pediatric drug evidence straight", is China's first existing pediatric monograph. Later generations honored Qian Yi as the "Sage of Pediatrics" and the "Ancestor of Pediatrics".

Yang Shi Ying, word Deng father, No. Ren Zhai, the Southern Song Dynasty medical practitioner, Sanshan (now Fuzhou City, Fujian Province), born in the world of medical families, practicing medicine from an early age, on the "Neijing", "Nanking", "typhoid fever," and other classical medical books and medical writings of the past dynasties are well researched, in the pulse, typhoid, pediatrics and internal medicine and miscellaneous diseases, has certain achievements.

Li Dongguan (1180-1251) Li Gao, word Mingzhi, Han nationality, Zhending (today's Zhengding, Hebei Province) people, late in life since the name of the old man Dongguan, under the guidance of Zhang Elementary, the famous medical doctor, he is one of the "four great masters of the Jinyuan" in the history of Chinese medicine, belongs to the school of Yi Shui, is the founder of the "doctrine of the spleen and stomach" of Chinese medicine. He was one of the "Four Great Masters of Jin Yuan" in the history of Chinese medicine, belonging to the Yishui School, and was the founder of the "Spleen and Stomach Doctrine" in Chinese medicine. He emphasized the important role of the spleen and stomach in the human body, and because the spleen and stomach belonged to the central earth among the Five Elements, his doctrine was also known as the "Complementary Earth School". His main works include Treatise on the Spleen and Stomach, Treatise on Internal and External Injuries, Treatise on the Use of Medicines, Invention of Medicine, Secret Collection of the Orchid Room, and Essentials of Living Hair, among others.

Zhu Danxi (1281--1358), named Zhenhenheng, with the character Yanxiu, was a native of Chiban, Yiwu (present-day Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province). The Chiban Village where he lived was originally called Pu Hui Village, and was renamed Chiban Village and then Danxi Village during the Southern Dynasty. That is why people called him "Mr. Danxi" or "Danxi Weng". Mr. Zhu Danxi advocated the doctrine of nourishing yin and founded the Danxi School, which made outstanding contributions to the medical science of China. Later, he was regarded as one of the "Four Great Physicians of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties" together with Liu Wansu, Zhang Congzheng and Li Dongyuan.

Zhang Jingyue was born in the 42nd year of the Jiajing reign, since childhood, intelligent, because of his ancestors to military success in the family hereditary Shaoxing Wei Commanding Officer, "food and pay thousands of households," the family is rich. He loved to read from childhood, and had extensive contact with all the schools of thought and classical writings. His father, Zhang Shoufeng, was a guest of the Marquis of Dingxi, and was well versed in medical science. When Jing Yue was young, he learned medicine from his father and had the opportunity to study the Internal Canon, and at the age of thirteen, he went to Beijing with his father to learn from Jin Ying, a famous doctor in Beijing. As a young man, he traveled extensively to the rich and powerful families and made friends with the nobles. At that time, the upper class society was prevalent in science and Taoism. Jing Yue read books in his spare time, and his thoughts were influenced by them, and he was well versed in I Ching, astronomy, Taoism, music and law of war, and he had a good understanding of medicine. Jing Yue's character is bold, may be inspired by his ancestor's military success in the world, he was a strong age from the military, the military shogunate, traveled to the north, footsteps in the Yuguan (now the Shanhaiguan), Fengcheng (now Fengcheng County, Liaoning Province) and the south of the Yalujiang River. At that time, the rise of foreigners in Beijing, the situation in western Liaoning is no longer possible. Several years of military career without achievement, so that Jing Yue fame and ambition "wear out", and the old family poverty finally made Jing Yue abandoned the heart of utilitarianism, armored recluse, dedicated to the road of medicine, medical skills, great progress, fame, was regarded as Zhongjing Dongguan regeneration. At the age of fifty-seven, returned to the south, specializing in clinical diagnosis and treatment, writing books. Chongzhen thirteen years died at the age of 78.