What do the principles of poetry creation mean "point, yuan, harmony and ze" respectively?

"Canon, distance, harmony and harmony" are the four principles of ancient Chinese poetry creation, which specifically refer to:

Canon: refers to the comparison and description of things in poetry with typical things to highlight their characteristics and enhance their expressiveness and appeal.

Comparing the description of things in poetry with typical things can make poetry more expressive and emotional. The following is an example of a typical thing:

Red Wall

Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin, and Qian Fan crossed the side of the sinking boat, and the diseased tree was completely destroyed. ?

This poem uses typical images such as "Jing Ke stabbed the King of Qin", "Qian Fan passed by the sunken ship" and "All trees died before the sick tree". Metaphor is the artistic conception and thought in the poet's heart. Among them, "Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin" is a metaphor for loyalty and courage, "sinking the boat" is a metaphor for a tough life after the storm, and "dying before a sick tree" is a metaphor for loneliness and persistence.

Such metaphors and symbols make poetry more infectious and heavy, and also make it easier for readers to understand the feelings and thoughts that the poet wants to express.

2. Far: It means that when describing things, it should be vivid, true and touching, full of appeal and appeal, and sometimes it needs fantasy or exaggeration, so that poetry has an eternal and broad imagination that transcends time and space.

Eternity and broad imagination beyond time and space are very important elements in poetry creation, which can make poetry have indelible historical value and cultural connotation. The following is an example of a poem that transcends the imagination of eternity and time and space:

Climb the balcony

Author: Du Fu

The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand. ?

The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. ?

Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. ?

After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged. ?

This poem describes the poet's distant scenery and vividly depicts the natural landscapes such as high sky, strong wind, apes whistling, birds flying and the Yangtze River. Among them, "The Ape Sobs in the Wind in the Sky", such as "Frost on the Bones", expresses the poet's loneliness, pursuit and unyielding spirit, and is full of romanticism. The natural landscape and characters in the poem transcend the limitation of time and space, and have broad imagination space and eternal significance. By describing the natural landscape, this poem expresses the poet's thoughts and feelings about the suffering and pursuit of life. It is a typical masterpiece that transcends time and space. It is touching and widely appreciated by readers.

3. Harmony: refers to the beauty and harmony of language and rhythm in poetry, which requires the flatness, rhyme and sentence coordination in rhythm to enhance the aesthetic feeling and rhythm of poetry.

Rhythm is one of the important features of poetry, which can make poetry more aesthetic and rhythmic. The following is an example of a poem with aesthetic feeling and rhythm:

Sleeping at night under Niuzhu Mountain thinking about the past.

Author: Du Fu

On the west side of the river this night, there was not a cloud in the whole blue sky.

Between the sky above and the sky below, the river is gone forever.

The wind blew the yellow clouds away for hundreds of miles, and a snow peak was turned white by the vortex of nine streams.

The moon on the horizon rose to the top of the tree, scaring away the magpies perched on the branches.

The cool evening breeze seems to have spread to cicadas in the distance.

This is the consistent way of human happiness, and all kinds of things will always flow to the east like water.

This poem uses the techniques of leveling and rhyming, and skillfully integrates phonology into the poem expressing the theme. For example, the words "boundless" and "return" in Gone Never Return rhyme, the words "moving wind" and "snow mountain" in Huang Yun driven by the wind for a hundred miles are similar to rhyming antitheses, and Listening to Frogs reflects the fluency and rhythm of poetry. This aesthetic feeling of rhyme and rhythm enhances the aesthetic feeling and appeal of poetry, making it a profound and poetic masterpiece.

4. So: that is to say, the words and emotions in poetry should be rigorous, appropriate and reasonable, and there can be no impropriety. Appropriate language, sincere emotion and profound artistic conception are needed to express the theme and infect readers.

Poetry with proper language, sincere feelings and profound artistic conception can touch readers' hearts and inspire them to sing and think. The following is an example of a poem with appropriate language, sincere feelings and profound artistic conception:

I climbed to the top. I look at the whole world.

Author: Du Fu

Between the sky above and the sky below, the river is gone forever.

Huang Yun is gloomy at dusk and breezy at night.

This poem expresses the poet's shock to nature and thinking about the existence of life with concise language and profound artistic conception. Among them, The White Sunset in Huang Yun Depression depicts the desolation and depression of nature, but reveals beauty and philosophy; Night Sailing on the Breeze River shows the mutual integration of life and nature, and a person's loneliness and helplessness in the face of everything in the world.

In emotional expression, Du Fu expressed his feelings with unique brushstrokes, and his feelings were sincere and profound. At the same time, the artistic conception of this poem is far-reaching, emphasizing the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and expressing the poet's indomitable philosophy of life and pursuit spirit. These characteristics make this poem have the charm of poetry and become a classic in China's ancient poetry.

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