Characteristics of container inland logistics development in Pearl River Delta

The Pearl River Delta region includes Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Zhuhai 14 cities and counties in Guangdong Province, with a land area of 415,000 square kilometers, accounting for 4% of the total area of China, and a population of 2451360,000, accounting for 19% of the national population. In 2008, the GDP of the Pearl River Delta region was 2,974.558 billion. The superior geographical location and unique economic development model of the Pearl River Delta have brought huge business opportunities for the development of the logistics industry. With the signing of CEPA and the establishment of the Pan-Pearl River Delta regional cooperation framework, the logistics industry in the Pearl River Delta is playing an increasingly important role in the process of regional economic integration.

First, the advantages of logistics development in Pearl River Delta

1. The Pearl River Delta economy has developed rapidly, with strong export orientation, and logistics enterprises have begun to take shape.

Pearl River Delta is the world's largest export processing zone, global manufacturing base and transnational procurement center, and the largest processing export and foreign-funded enterprise base in China. In 2007, the total import and export volume of the Pearl River Delta region was $65 1.7 billion, accounting for 30% of the national total. The demand for import and export transit logistics has great development potential. The import and export trade of the Pearl River Delta covers more than 100 countries and regions in the world, and the total import and export volume accounts for more than 1/3 of the whole country. The traditional transportation and storage enterprises in the Pearl River Delta are transforming into modern logistics enterprises relying on the original facilities, business foundation and business network. Some large production enterprise groups have set up special logistics departments, and a number of logistics distribution centers and third-party logistics enterprises with regional brands, intensive and large-scale operations have risen rapidly. Modern logistics enterprises in the Pearl River Delta not only provide traditional logistics activities, but also undertake loading and unloading, distribution, packaging services, information processing, logistics consulting and logistics equipment production, and the logistics service system is gradually expanding.

2. Perfect comprehensive transportation network and obvious location advantages.

Pearl River Delta is the most densely covered area in expressway, China, with a mileage of 29,792km and a highway density of 71.45km/100km2. Railways in the Pearl River Delta include guangzhou-shenzhen railway, Guangdong section of Beijing-Kowloon Railway, Guangmeishan Railway, Pingnan Railway and Yan Ping Railway. The operating mileage of railways in the whole region is 5 14 km, of which the trunk line mileage is 466 km. Within 200 kilometers from Fiona Fang in the Pearl River Delta, there are five international airports: Hongkong, Macau, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Guangzhou. The Pearl River Delta has good water transport conditions, natural ports and intensive international routes, and many excellent port sites have formed a large-scale integrated port group in the Pearl River Estuary with Guangzhou and Shenzhen as hubs and other small and medium-sized ports. The Pearl River Delta has basically formed a three-dimensional and international traffic pattern with reasonable layout, mutual connection and all-round development of land, sea and air.

3. The Pearl River Delta has unique industrial characteristics.

The unique position of the "world factory" has made the Pearl River Delta a huge industrial stream, in which the leading role of nine pillar industries, such as electronic information, electrical machinery, petrochemical industry, textile and clothing, food and beverage, building materials, paper-making, medicine and automobile, has been continuously enhanced, three emerging pillar industries, such as electronic information, electrical machinery and special equipment, and petrochemical industry, have maintained a strong development trend, and three traditional pillar industries, such as textile and clothing, food and beverage and building materials, have developed steadily. In terms of geographical distribution, it is mainly manifested in the electronic and communication equipment manufacturing industries in Dongguan, Shenzhen and Huizhou on the east coast of the Pearl River Delta, the industrial belts centered on household durable goods and hardware products in Zhuhai and Zhongshan on the west coast of the Pearl River Delta, and the traditional industrial belts centered on Guangzhou, Foshan and Zhaoqing in the middle. It is the largest electronic communication manufacturing base in China.

4. Favorable logistics development policy support

In recent years, the central government and the governments in the Pearl River Delta region have attached great importance to the development of logistics, and have begun to study and formulate regional logistics development plans and related promotion policies. The state will focus on supporting the Pearl River Delta region to strengthen the construction and management of port infrastructure, optimize the logistics and transportation network of ports, highways and railways, and strengthen the overall coordination of electricity, energy and mineral raw materials. As far as the Pearl River Delta is concerned, as early as 2002, Guangdong Province issued the Tenth Five-Year Plan for Guangdong's modern logistics industry. In addition, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other cities have also designated their own policy documents, such as the Tenth Five-Year Plan for Shenzhen Logistics and the 20 15 Vision Plan, and Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Modern Logistics Industry in Shenzhen. This has created a good atmosphere and relaxed environment for the development of modern logistics in the Pearl River Delta, and has become an important factor to guide and promote the rapid development of modern logistics.

5. The logistics network has a clear division of labor and strong regional complementarity.

The economic ties among the cities in the Pearl River Delta have formed an inseparable economic circle, and its industry has also become a part of the Pearl River Delta industrial chain. Each city takes its own industry as the pillar, and the division of labor and cooperation is constantly strengthened, forming a coordinated development logistics system. Guangzhou's manufacturing industry is developed, and the total output value of the three pillar industries of petrochemical, automobile, electronics and communication equipment manufacturing is relatively high. The developed manufacturing industry provides a good space for Guangzhou's logistics development and will build a comprehensive international logistics center. Shenzhen's export-oriented economy is obvious, its seaport and airport are excellent, and its collection and distribution conditions are good, and it is increasingly becoming the procurement center of multinational groups; Foshan is a leading industrial cluster with textile, ceramics, electrical appliances and other industries as the backbone, with a large demand for logistics, and will be built into a regional trade and logistics center in the Pearl River Delta. Zhongshan, on the other hand, takes advantage of the pharmaceutical industry to develop pharmaceutical logistics.

Second, the Pearl River Delta logistics development disadvantage analysis

Although the Pearl River Delta logistics development has unique conditions and started early, the development level still lags behind the needs of economic development, and there is still a big gap in specialization, networking and standardization.

1。 The construction of logistics infrastructure platform is relatively backward and the degree of standardization is relatively low.

At present, the development level of logistics distribution infrastructure and equipment in the Pearl River Delta is low, especially the port collection and distribution conditions, supporting facilities and public infrastructure are not perfect. The logistics enterprises in the Pearl River Delta are not standardized in both hardware and software. First of all, the level of technical equipment is low, the degree of logistics standardization is low, the standards of equipment and logistics instruments in different modes of transportation are inconsistent, and the basic equipment in the process of cargo transportation lacks unified standards, which seriously affects the improvement of mechanization and automation of goods in the process of transportation, storage and loading and unloading, and affects the coordinated operation of logistics distribution system, the loading rate of transportation tools, the loading rate of loading and unloading equipment and the space utilization rate of storage facilities, thus affecting the improvement of logistics efficiency. Secondly, the logistics information standard is chaotic. At present, many departments and units are establishing their own commodity information databases, but the fields, types and lengths of the databases are inconsistent, forming information islands, and information technology cannot realize automatic and seamless connection and processing.

2. The service level of logistics enterprises is low, and the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent.

Although the Pearl River Delta region attaches great importance to the development of logistics industry and some specialized logistics enterprises have emerged, there is still a big gap with the logistics development in Europe, America and Hong Kong. The number of professional and socialized third-party logistics enterprises that can provide high-quality services in this area is quite small. At present, most of the traditional logistics enterprises in the Pearl River Delta are transformed from the former warehousing and transportation enterprises, and they can only provide staged and functional services such as transportation and warehousing, but they are lacking in logistics proliferation services such as distribution and processing, logistics information services, inventory management and logistics cost control, resulting in a relative surplus of single and low-level logistics services for logistics enterprises in this region, while the supply of integrated high-level and high-level logistics services is insufficient, and the contradiction between supply and demand restricts the development of both sides.

3. The logistics legal system is not perfect, and the policy system is not perfect.

The industrial policies and industrial planning needed for the development of modern logistics industry have not yet been promulgated, there are basically no unified laws and regulations to follow for the entry and exit of logistics market and competition rules, and there is no effective external constraint on social logistics services, so unfair competition is inevitable. Due to the lack of correct understanding and reasonable definition of logistics enterprises, the legal status of professional logistics organization planning enterprises has not been recognized by law, which limits the further development of logistics industry. At the same time, the logistics management departments in the Pearl River Delta are fragmented and lack a unified coordination system, and the operation of the logistics market lacks standardized industry rules. First of all, there is a lack of standards for market access, and many original transportation and storage companies have changed their logistics signboards casually, which has greatly affected the overall development level of the logistics industry; Secondly, there is a lack of standardization of logistics services. Transportation services, small distribution points, individuals and companies disrupt the market, and low-price competition affects the survival and development of standardized logistics enterprises.

4. Modern logistics talents are scarce, and logistics training and certification are not standardized.

China's logistics industry generally lacks compound professionals who are familiar with modern logistics operation and management, especially in the Pearl River Delta region, which has entered a period of rapid development. The low quality of ordinary employees, weak sense of service and lack of initiative in market development have become bottlenecks restricting the development of logistics industry. The gap of logistics professionals in Guangdong Province is as high as 600,000. Logistics majors offered by many universities in Guangdong Province generally stay in the traditional logistics management. The teacher-student ratio of logistics major is as high as 1: 50, which is far lower than 1: 18 required by the Ministry of Education. The poor teaching conditions of logistics specialty have seriously hindered the development of logistics scientific research and talent education. In addition, there are still some problems such as nonstandard logistics training certification market, uneven training institutions, nonstandard operation and low quality of training certification.

Third, the Pearl River Delta logistics development strategy research

1. Integrate regional logistics and develop at different levels.

The future competition is the competition of regional economy, and the logistics industry in the Pearl River Delta should also participate in the competition as a whole. Realizing logistics integration is an inevitable choice to enhance the regional competitiveness of the Pearl River Delta. According to the theory of economic development and the theory of logistics park formation, the nodes of logistics network have a strong hierarchy, and the Pearl River Delta must determine the level of logistics development if it wants to develop logistics. According to the analysis of historical data, economic development in recent years and traffic research in the Pearl River Delta region, the macro layout of logistics parks in the Pearl River Delta region can be divided into three categories: Hong Kong's position as an international trade, finance and shipping center is unshakable in the short term, and it has the conditions of an international logistics hub city, with obvious advantages in logistics market supply and demand, regional development strength, traffic conditions and location policy conditions, and it is at the highest level of macro layout; Guangzhou and Shenzhen are the most powerful cities in the Pearl River Delta region except Hong Kong, and their advantages are mainly manifested in foreign trade, the number of foreign-funded enterprises and traffic conditions. Through the integration with Hong Kong, these two cities have the conditions to become the hub cities of national logistics parks, which are on the second floor of the overall layout; Other cities in the Pearl River Delta are on the third floor of the overall layout. Considering the actual situation and spatial distribution of each city, due to the obvious traffic location advantages, it can be used as a logistics distribution city to undertake the logistics distribution function of the surrounding cities.

2. Integrate port resources and give full play to the advantages of port groups in the Pearl River Delta.

With the development trend of modern logistics industry, we must fully realize the cluster function of regional ports. The service function of the port has been extended to warehousing, transportation and distribution, and has become an important link in the integrated logistics service chain. Container transportation has become the core of competition, and technology, information and service have become the core factors of development. At present, there are more than 60 ports in the Pearl River Delta region (including Hong Kong and Macao). Although at the beginning of planning and construction, the functional positioning of each port did not overlap, but because of the close distance between ports and the expanding influence, the construction of new terminals led to an increase in business volume and increasingly fierce competition among ports. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the integration within the Pearl River Delta and scientifically plan the port construction in various places. Referring to the basic principles of coordinated construction and complementary advantages of Guangdong and Hong Kong ports,

And the gradual formation of Shenzhen-Hong Kong integration pattern, the Pearl River Delta will establish a Far East shipping center with Hong Kong as the mainstay and Shenzhen as the supplement. Guangzhou Port is located in the most intensive container production area in the Pearl River Delta, with sufficient container supply. It should give full play to the role of feeder and domestic trade transportation. At the same time, we should open sea routes with Shantou and Zhuhai, mainly in the Far East and Southeast Asia, and ports such as Zhongshan and Jiangmen Nanhai will gradually develop into supply ports in the Pearl River Delta region.

3. Integrate aviation logistics resources in the Pearl River Delta.

At present, there are five airports in the Pearl River Delta region: Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Macau, Shenzhen and Zhuhai. If cooperation between airports is not strengthened, it will inevitably lead to vicious competition between airports. No airport can monopolize this market. All airports must cooperate closely, learn from each other's strong points, give full play to their respective advantages, work together, develop together and win-win.

As an extremely important freight hub in the Asia-Pacific region, Hong Kong Airport has rich experience in logistics and freight management, extensive logistics support services and a huge local transshipment market, and should continue to vigorously develop international routes and international transportation. Due to the limitation of airport land, its storage, logistics, venues and other hardware facilities can not be expanded, and the air cargo capacity is becoming saturated. Therefore, it is necessary to develop international routes in the Pearl River Delta region with airports such as Shenzhen and Zhuhai through joint venture or cooperation, or transit through Hong Kong airport. At the same time, some routes will be transferred to Shenzhen or Zhuhai airport, and Shenzhen and Zhuhai airports will be planned as aviation logistics bases, providing a "one-stop" service model for value-added services such as cargo air transport, warehousing, multimodal transport, customs clearance to distribution, commodity inspection and simple processing. In addition, with the advantage of Hong Kong airport facing the sea, we will actively plan the water express passage of Hong Kong airport, change the current single air cargo mode in the Pearl River Delta, and realize air cargo transshipment by sea. Guangzhou Airport should gradually expand its hub position, actively explore broader domestic routes, fully absorb the goods in the hinterland of the Pearl River Delta, and form an air transportation center that radiates South China and drives the whole Pearl River Delta.