How many traditional festivals have there been in China each year since 1949? How many national holidays are there?

When:

The last day of the year on the lunar calendar, the thirtieth day of the twelfth month of the lunar year, the twelfth month of that year is marked by the major traditional festivals

The smaller months are on the twenty-ninth day of the year, and on the thirtieth day of the year in the larger months.

Interpretation:

The night of the 30th day of the Lunar New Year is called New Year's Eve. The original meaning of the character "除" is "去", which is derived from "易"; the original meaning of the character "夕" is "日暮", which means "sunset". The original meaning of the word "eve" is "sunset", which is derived from "night". Therefore, the night of New Year's Eve contains the meaning of "getting rid of the old year, and changing the new year tomorrow", i.e. "getting rid of the old and bringing in the new".

Origin:

New Year's Eve, the earliest from the pre-Qin period, "by the removal of". According to "Lü Shi Chun Qiu - Ji Dong Ji", the ancient people beat drums on the day before the New Year's Eve to get rid of the "epidemic and plague ghosts", so that the coming year would be free from diseases and disasters.

Alias:

"New Year's Eve" in ancient times, there are "New Year's Eve, in addition to the year in addition to the year, in addition to the big, the big end, the end of the year" and other aliases. Called although many, but always no more than send the old to welcome the new, to get rid of disease and eliminate the meaning of disaster. Lunar New Year's Eve, also known as "New Year's Eve". Refers to China and other areas of the Han cultural circle of the lunar calendar, January 1, the night before. It is usually a day for people to eat, drink, play and have fun.

The Spring Festival

Time: The first day of the first month of the Lunar Calendar to the fifteenth day of the first month of the Lunar Calendar

English: the Spring Festival

Interpretation:

The Spring Festival is the first day of the year in the Lunar Calendar, which is commonly called the "Big Year", or "The First Day of the Lunar Year. "the first day of the Lunar New Year".

Origin:

The Spring Festival has a history of about four thousand years in China. It is one of the most lively and grandest traditional festivals in Chinese folklore. In ancient times, the Spring Festival referred to the twenty-four solar terms in the lunar calendar, "Spring Festival", after the North and South Dynasties, the Spring Festival was changed to the end of the year, and refers to the entire spring, when the earth is back to spring, everything is renewed, and people will take it as the beginning of a new year. In the early years of the Republic of China after the Xinhai Revolution, the first day of the first month of the year was designated as the Spring Festival after the lunar calendar was changed to the Gregorian [solar] calendar. It was not until September 27, 1949, that the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference officially designated the first day of the first month to the fifteenth day of the first month of the new year as the Spring Festival, and many people still call the Spring Festival the Chinese New Year.

Applicability:

The Spring Festival is the most important festival of the Han Chinese, but the Manchu, Mongolian, Yao, Zhuang, Bai, Gaoshan, Hezhe, Hani, Daur, Dong, Li and other ethnic minorities also have the custom of the Spring Festival, but the form of the festival is more of their own national characteristics, more flavorful.

Customs:

Launching firecrackers, putting up spring scrolls, paying homage and eating dumplings

Lantern Festival

Time: the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar

English: the Lantern Festival

Interpretation:

It's an important traditional festival in China. The fifteenth day of the first month is the first full moon of the year, but also the beginning of the year, the night of the earth back to spring, people celebrate this, but also to celebrate the continuation of the new year, so it is also known as the "Festival of the New Year", that is, the fifteenth day of the first month of the lunar calendar. In ancient books, this day is called "on the Yuan", the night called "Yuan night", "Yuan Xi" or "Lantern Festival". The name "Lantern Festival" has been used until now.

Customs Since the Lantern Festival has the custom of opening and watching the lanterns, it is also known as the "Festival of Lights". In addition, there are eating Lantern Festival, stilt walkers, riddles, dragon dance, lanterns, lion dance, watching the big head monk play Liu Cui, running dry boat, flower tans, tea tans, and other customs, and in Jiangsu Province, Gaoyou still have the custom of watching the screen.

Qingming Festival

When:

English: the qingming Festival

Interpretation:

The Qingming Festival is the most important festival in China, and it is the most suitable day for offering sacrifices to the ancestors and sweeping tombs. Tomb-sweeping is commonly known as visiting the graves, an activity to honor the dead. Most Han Chinese and some ethnic minorities sweep their tombs on the Qingming Festival.

Customs:

According to the old custom, when sweeping tombs, people have to bring wine, food, fruits, paper money and other items to the graveyard, offer the food to their loved ones' graves, then burn the paper money, cultivate new soil for the graves, fold a few young green twigs and stick them in the graves, and then kowtow and pay homage, and then eat the wine and food and go home at last. Du Mu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem entitled "Qingming": "The rain falls one after another during the Qingming Festival, and the pedestrians on the road want to break their souls. Where can I find a tavern? The shepherd boy points to the apricot blossom village." It writes about the special atmosphere of Qingming Festival.

The Qingming Festival, also known as the Treading Green Festival, according to the solar calendar, it is between April 4 and 6 every year, it is the bright and beautiful spring grass and trees spit out the green season, but also it is the people of the spring tour [called trekking in ancient times] a good time, so the ancients have the Qingming trekking, and to carry out a series of sports activities of the custom.

Duanwu Festival

Time: the fifth day of the fifth lunar month

English: the Dragon Boat Festival

Interpretation:

The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the "Dragon Boat Festival", which is an ancient traditional Chinese festival. Duanwu" is originally called "Duanwu", and "Duan" means the beginning. Because people think "May" is a bad month, "the fifth" is a bad day, so avoid "five", changed to "Dragon Boat Festival Duanwu". The Dragon Boat Festival was recorded as early as the early Western Zhou Dynasty, and was not set up in honor of Qu Yuan, but some of the customs after the Dragon Boat Festival were influenced by Qu Yuan.

Customs:

Dragon Boat Racing: At that time, the people of Chu could not bear to see the death of Qu Yuan, a wise minister, so many people rowed after him to save him. They scrambled, chased to Dongting Lake when they disappeared, is the origin of the Dragon Boat Race, after the fifth of May every year to commemorate the Dragon Boat rowing. Rowing dragon boats to disperse the fish in the river, so that the fish do not eat the body of Qu Yuan. Racing habits, prevalent in Wu, Yue, Chu. In the 29th year of the Qianlong reign in the Qing Dynasty, Taiwan began to have dragon boat races, and at that time, Taiwan's governor, Mr. Chiang Yuan-jun, hosted a friendly race at the Half Moon Pond of the Fahua Temple in Tainan City. Now Taiwan holds dragon boat races on May 5 every year. Hong Kong has a race, and recently the British have followed the example of the Chinese, organizing the Ghostbusters team for the competition.

Eat rice dumplings: Jing Chu people, in May 5 cook glutinous rice or steamed rice dumplings cake into the river, in order to worship Qu Yuan, for fear that the fish ate, so the bamboo tube containing glutinous rice thrown down, and then gradually use rice dumplings wrapped in rice instead of bamboo tube.

Drinking Xionghuang wine: this custom, in the Yangtze River Basin area of the family is very popular.

Swimming for all diseases: this custom is prevalent in the Guizhou region of the Dragon Boat Festival.

Pei Xiangbao: Dragon Boat Festival children Pei Xiangbao, not only has the meaning of the evil spirits to drive away the plague, but also the lapel head embellishment of the wind. Incense capsule inside the cinnabar, andrographis, incense medicine, wrapped in silk cloth, fragrant: and then the five-color silk thread string buckle into a rope, for a variety of different shapes, knotted into a string, colorful, delicate and eye-catching.

Mid-Autumn Festival

Time: 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar

English: the Mid-Autumn Festival

Source:

On the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar, the day is in the middle of the autumn season, so it is called "Mid-Autumn Festival". In the evening, the moon is full and the fragrance of laurel, the old custom people see it as a symbol of reunion, to prepare a variety of fruits and cooked food, is a good festival to enjoy the moon. Mid-Autumn Festival also eat moon cakes. According to legend, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, in order to overthrow the brutal Yuan Dynasty, the people wrote the date of the riot on a note and put it in the mooncake filling so as to pass it secretly to each other, calling for an uprising on August 15th. Finally, a nationwide peasant uprising broke out on that day, overthrowing the corrupt Yuan Dynasty. Since then, the custom of eating mooncakes at mid-autumn has spread more widely.

Customs:

On the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival, people would prepare all kinds of fruits and melons, candied fruits, cooked food, moon cakes and so on to enjoy the moon in the courtyard.

The Double Ninth Festival

Time: The ninth day of the ninth lunar month

Interpretation:

The Double Ninth Festival (the Double Ninth Festival) September 9 on the lunar calendar for the traditional Chongyang Festival, also known as the "Festival of the Elderly". Because the "I Ching" in the "six" as the number of yin, the "nine" as the number of yang, September 9, the sun and the moon and yang, the two nine heavy, so it is called Chung Yeung, also known as Chung Kau. Chongyang Festival has been formed as early as the Warring States period, to the Tang Dynasty, Chongyang was officially designated as a folk festival, and since then it has been inherited by successive dynasties. Chongyang, also known as "Treading Autumn" and March 3 "Treading Spring" are all the family pouring out of the room, Chongyang this day all the relatives have to climb together to "avoid disaster", insert cornelian cherry, chrysanthemums. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the atmosphere of the Chung Yeung has become increasingly rich, for generations of writers and writers to sing the most of one of the several traditional festivals.

Evolution:

The 9th day of the 9th month of the lunar calendar is the traditional Chinese Chongyang Festival. It is also the Chinese Festival of Respect for the Elderly. In 1989, China designated the ninth day of the ninth month of the year as the Day of the Elderly, a skillful combination of tradition and modernity, which has become a festival for the elderly to honor, respect, love and help them.

Customs:

Whenever it comes to Chung Yeung Festival, people will think of Wang Wei's words: "Being a stranger in a foreign land, I think of my relatives twice as much at festivals. I know from afar where my brothers are climbing up to the top, and there are fewer dogwoods to be found." This poem. Since ancient times, the Chongyang Festival has been a day for people to honor the elderly, miss their parents and long for reunion. Climbing high, eating Chongyang cakes, enjoying chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine, inserting dogwoods and hairpin chrysanthemums, and drinking Chongyang wine.

Winter Solstice

Winter Solstice Time: 21st or 22nd day of the 12th month of the solar calendar

Winter Solstice was taken very seriously in Ancient China, and was regarded as one of the larger festivals, with the saying "Winter Solstice is as big as a year", and there were customs of celebrating the winter solstice. The book of han said: "winter solstice yang qi up, juntao long, so congratulations." People think: after the winter solstice, the day is longer than one day, Yang Qi rise, is the beginning of a cycle of festivals, is also an auspicious day, should be celebrated. The Book of Jin" on the record "Wei Jin winter solstice day by all the countries and bureaucrats to congratulate ...... its instrument subdivided into the first day." This shows the importance of the winter solstice in ancient times.

Customs:

In China's northern regions have the winter solstice slaughter sheep, eat dumplings, eat wontons custom, the southern region in this day have eaten the winter solstice rice ball, the winter solstice long noodle habit. All regions also have the custom of offering sacrifices to the sky and ancestors on this day of the winter solstice.

La Ba Festival

Time: The eighth day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar

Source:

Anciently, the December sacrifice to the "gods" was called La, and therefore the twelfth month of the lunar calendar was called La. On the eighth day of the Lunar New Year, the old custom is to drink Laha congee. Legend has it that Siddhartha Gautama attained Buddhahood on this day, so monasteries cook congee for the Buddha every day, and then folk custom until today.

Customs:

Drinking Laha congee, soaking Laha garlic

Small year

Small year time: Lunar New Year 23

Customs: sweeping the dust, sacrificing the stove