The Development Course of China Fine Arts

Prehistoric and pre-Qin art: pottery, weaving, textile, jade carving, tooth carving, lacquer painting and other handicrafts appeared in the Neolithic Age 10 thousand years ago.

2/kloc-Pre-Qin period before 0/century: Bronzes were divided into ritual vessels, weapons, musical instruments, tools and chariots and horses. Shang Dynasty was the heyday of maturity, and ironware appeared in the Warring States period. Figures in Dragon and Phoenix Silk Painting Warring States Period.

Art of Qin and Han Dynasties: stone reliefs, brick reliefs, silk paintings of Mawangdui. The characteristics of Qin servants: advocating realism and rigorous techniques; Vivid image and distinct personality; The repetition of many upright stationary objects caused an avalanche of momentum. Concise and vivid pottery women in Han Dynasty.

The stone carvings in Huo Qubing's tomb are vigorous and powerful, which are the characteristics of stone carvings in Han Dynasty. Porcelain appeared in the Qin Dynasty.

Art in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties: The largest grottoes in Xinjiang are Qizil Grottoes.

Dunhuang Grottoes were founded in Northern Qin, Sui, Tang, Song, Xixia and Yuan Dynasties, and there are 492 existing grottoes.

The first batch of famous painters: Cao Buxing (Wu), Xie Tiao commented that "all ancient paintings are sketched, and the essence begins." Health association.

Gu Kaizhi was the greatest painter and theorist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. "Four-body beauty has nothing to do with beauty, it is vivid and vivid." A history of women, a Luo Shenfu, a biography of women and a map of benevolence.

Lu Tanwei's "painting" is the first person.

Zhang Sengyou was the most active painter in Xiao Liang's period, and his concave-convex portrait showed a face.

The Painting of Sheikh is the first theoretical article in ancient times to evaluate the painting and the author, which includes six methods: vivid charm, brushwork, pictographic representation according to objects, assigning different types, manipulating positions, shifting shapes and modeling.

Painting in Sui and Tang Dynasties: Prime Minister painter Yan's Bujitu depicts Emperor Taizong's meeting with Tibetan emissary Lu Dongzan. The map of emperors in past dynasties depicts the images of three emperors from Han Dynasty to Sui Dynasty 13.

Painter Wu Daozi lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and his lines were like "water shield strips", which created the famous "Wu family style". Cao said, "Cao clothes come out of the water, and Wu takes the wind." His Buddha statue is called "Wuzhuang".

Painters of noble family, such as You Chuntu by Zhang Xuan and Fan Lady's Picture by Mrs. Guo, are called "Zhou Family Painting Style".

You Chuntu written by Zhan Ziqian in Sui Dynasty initiated the green landscape, while Sailing Pavilion written by Tang Dynasty and Prosperous Picture of Shu Kingdom are collectively called "General Li", which is the inheritance and development of the green landscape.

Wang Wei, Ink Dyed Landscape Painting, Broken Ink

Cao Ba and Han Gan painted White Night and herdsman, Han Gan.

Zhang Yanyuan, whose real name is Ai Bin, is divided into three parts: the comment and theoretical understanding of the development of painting history; Painting related materials, description, identification and collection; Biographies and works of painters. Not as a general history, but as a general usurpation. The book first clarifies the role of painting: "The painter is a teacher, enlightening, helping others, changing subtly, working hard, and being lucky in all seasons." ; This paper further expounds Sheikh's six methods, emphasizes "verve" and "backbone", and puts forward that "the pen is not comprehensive but the meaning is comprehensive"; Painting lies in the concept of "satisfaction"; The requirements of painting creation and the evaluation criteria of works are clarified: natural, smart, wonderful, precise and fine; It records the inheritance of painting, the evolution of style and the characteristics of the times in detail.

Art in Song and Yuan Dynasties: Zhou Wenju in Southern Tang Dynasty looks like a fat man, but his biography is very delicate. Li Jing and his brother met chess in The Screen Game Map. Gu's "Han Xizai's Night Banquet".

There are four mountains and rivers: Jing, Guan, Dong and Ju, represented by Hao Jing and Tongguan in the north and Dongyuan and Ju Ran in the south.

The "Six Essentials" in Hao Jing's calligraphy developed Sheikh's "Six Methods", "Painting Truth" and "Crazy Recording Pictures". Dong Yuan's map of Xiaoxiang and Ju Ran's map of Wanhe and Song Feng.

Flower-and-bird painting is a rare bird painting by Huang Quan, a court painter in West Shu. Xu Xi in the Southern Tang Dynasty paid attention to "ink dropping", and used a little color to express it, which was "wild".

In Song Dynasty, Hui Zong established six branches of painting: Buddhism, figures, landscapes, birds and animals, flowers and bamboo, houses and trees.

Wu Zongyuan's Drawing of Yuan Chaoxian's Staff is very similar to Wu Daozi's painting style.

Li Sheng is a scholar and a layman. He handed down a sketch from generation to generation. Wumatu, Weiyan Animal Husbandry Map and Vimalakīrti Animal Husbandry Map.

Liang Kai, whose real name is Liang Fengzi, is full of personality in the gardens of the Southern Song Dynasty, creating a new situation of freehand figure painting, such as Li Baixing's "Yin Tu", "Six Ancestors Tu" and "Splash Ink Fairy Tu".

Zhang Zeduan's The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival reflects the scenery along the Bianliang River in Qingming Festival by means of scattered perspective panoramic composition.

Li Cheng's "Reading Stone Tablets" and "Ye Ping in Cold Forest".

Fan Kuan quietly realized that "the method of predecessors has the principle of not approaching everything, and I learn from my teacher, not from everything.". I am a teacher of things, not a teacher of the soul. " Western Mountain Tourism Map, Snow Mountain Temple Map.

Guo's Lin Zhi is divided into six chapters: water training, painting meaning, painting decision, painting title, painting style collection and painting record.

Mi Fei yunshan, Mi Youren xiaoxiang wonders atlas. Wang Ximeng's green landscape "A Thousand Miles of Mountains and Rivers".

Famous landscape painters Li Tang, Liu Songnian, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui in the Southern Song Dynasty, as well as Cui Bai's Double Happiness Picture and Cold Bird Picture.

Song Huizong compiled the Painting Spectrum of Xuanhe, painted the Picture of Fruit Birds, and Li Di painted the Picture of Snow Trees and Cold Birds.

Liao Jinyuan's painting

Zhao Mengfu and Zi Ang, the snow Taoist priests in Song Dynasty, flaunted "ancient meaning" and put forward that "calligraphy and painting are of the same origin". Drinking Horses in Autumn Suburbs and Showing Stone Trees.

There were four mountains and rivers in the Yuan Dynasty, namely, Huang, Zhenwu, Ni Zan and Wang Meng. Huang's Fuchun is a masterpiece of ancient landscape painting. Snow and Sunny, Yukime, Jiu Feng. Zhenwu plum blossom Taoist fisherman's map and Qiu Jiang fishing hidden map. Ni Zan, Yunlin, Youjian Lengsongtu. Wang Meng's "Reading Pictures in Spring Mountain" and "Living in Seclusion" in Qing Dynasty.

Scroll painting in Ming and Qing dynasties

In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhejiang School, which advocated Song painting, was the mainstream, and Wu Pai, which was retro and updated, rose. There appeared in the late Ming Dynasty: figures who opened up a new field of freehand brushwork in flower-and-bird painting; Deformed figure painting and vivid portrait painting school with ugliness as beauty; Huating landscape painting school advocates literati painting, especially pen and ink.

In the early Qing Dynasty, there were schools such as Loudong, Yushan, Xin 'an, Jinling, Jiangxi, Wulin (Lanying), Xiang Shengmo and Fu Shan. The "Four Kings" attach importance to tradition, pen and ink, and inherit Hua Tingpai; The "four monks" have a tendency to express their individuality and create boldly. The representatives of flowers and birds are Yunhe and the Eighth National Congress.

Mid-term painting centers: Beijing and Yangzhou. Beijing follows the "four kings" and the cloud hand, and the portraits are integrated into western paintings. Yangzhou, represented by the Eight Eccentrics, inherited the Four Monks, and became more heroic, Gu Zhuo and full of personality.

Dai Jin and top painter Wei Wu are representatives of college sports painting and Zhejiang School.

There are four families in the Wumen family: Shen Zhou, Wen Zhiming, Tang Yin and Chou Ying. Shen Zhou and Wen Zhiming are the most prominent representatives of Wumen. They are all good at poetry and painting, and they can express their feelings more consciously by virtue of the trinity relationship between poetry and painting. Shen Zhou's "Lushan Mountain High Map" and "Night Sitting Map". Wen Zhiming's "Jiangnan Spring Map". Tang Yin and Chou Ying represent two other types of wu school, namely, farming in the south of the Yangtze River, prostitutes in Shu Meng Palace, loneliness and Taoyuan Wonderland in Chou Ying.

Similarity and dissimilarity by Xu Wei, miscellaneous flowers and black grapes.

"Nan Cui" Chen Hongshou and Cui Zizhong.

Dong Qichang paid attention to and developed pen and ink by imitating Wang Meng's "The Picture of Living in Seclusion in the Qing Dynasty" and Huang's "Eight Scenes in Autumn". Imitating the theory of Buddhism, he put forward the theory of calligraphy and painting, which is honest, light of skill, high morale, exclusive of painters, heavy of pen and ink, light of mountains and rivers, respectful of change and elegant description.

Wang Shimin, Wang Jian, Wang Hui and Wang Jian, four kings in the early Qing Dynasty, followed Dong Qichang closely and tried to combine the achievements of the ancients according to their theoretical practice.

The four monks, Badashanren, Shi Tao, Kun Can and Hong Ren, inherited the tradition of literati painting and attached importance to feeling life, observing nature and expressing their own spirit. They were not satisfied with copying the achievements of their predecessors in artistic conception and emotional appeal, and were not limited to copying and ancient methods.

Zheng Xie Banqiao, Li Dan, Li, Jin Nong, Gao Xiang, Wang, Huang Shen.

Yangliuqing New Year pictures show that there were workshops in Wanli and Taohuawu in the south.

Cloisonne copper tire with cloisonne enamel was introduced to China in Yuan Dynasty, which matured in Xuande period and flourished in Jingtai period.

"School of Painting on the Sea", from three bears (Zhu Xiong, Zhang Xiong and Ren Xiong) to three terms (Ren Xiong, Ren Xun and Ren Yi).

Zhao He Xugu is a marine painter who has never lived in Shanghai.

Lingnan school of painting, Gao, Li, Chen.