Among the traditional festivals in China, it is the most lively. The most important festival is the Spring Festival. Spring Festival, Lunar New Year, is a new beginning of the year. Whenever the end of the year approaches, people begin to make intensive preparations for the Spring Festival. Because this is the first big festival in a year, there are many customs and activities in Chaoshan area that are different from those in Central Plains. At the beginning of the Spring Festival couplets, the first thing to do is to paste the door gods and couplets. On New Year's Eve (or 29th), every family goes to the streets to buy couplets, and people interested in art also spread paper and splash ink to make love, and decorate the portal inside and outside. It is said that the earliest Spring Festival couplets in China. After Zhu Yuanzhang made Nanjing his capital in the Ming Dynasty, he ordered every family to put up couplets and renamed them Spring Festival couplets, all written in red paper. Legend has it that on one occasion, Zhu Yuanzhang personally visited the people, and only one family did not post Spring Festival couplets. When asked, it turns out that this family is a castrated pig and can't read, so I personally wrote a couplet for him: "Split the road of life and death with both hands and cut off the root of right and wrong with one knife." Thanks to the vigorous advocacy of past dynasties, Spring Festival couplets have become a special folk art form in China with a long history. Chaoshan people pay more attention to Spring Festival couplets. It often takes a long time to buy a pair of Spring Festival couplets. Different aesthetic tastes and values can be reflected from the Spring Festival couplets posted by various households. Many of them reflect the characteristics of Chaoshan people's diligence, progress, unity and harmony, such as "a harmonious family adds a hundred blessings, and the word' peace' is worth thousands of dollars." Extensive diligence produces five grains and prospers, and good housekeeping prospers six animals ". The most famous couplet in Chaoshan is a couplet written by Lin Daqin, a talented hipster in the Ming Dynasty, which reads "Life is growing day by day, spring is full of labor and happiness". It is said that Lin Daqin worked as a teacher in a private school in his early years. One year, on the first day of the first month, Mrs. Dong's birthday, Mr. Wang was asked to write Spring Festival couplets and birthday couplets. I saw Lin Daqin write this couplet without thinking. In the Spring Festival couplets in Chaoshan, the word "Spring" with vats is often seen on single doors or in valleys and shrines. The word "spring" has two meanings here: first, it means that spring returns to the earth and everything recovers; The first floor skillfully uses the harmony between "spring" and "existence" to express the good wishes for more than a year. This is just like eating fish at a wedding banquet in the north. The homophonic word "fish" has a wonderful effect of waiting for delivery. Second, after the New Year's Eve dinner, every household's house is dressed up completely, and New Year's Eve is approaching. Therefore, housewives are busy preparing the most abundant and meaningful reunion dinner in a year. A family reunion dinner, as its name implies, is a family gathering for dinner during the Chinese New Year, and even the deceased ancestors will not forget it. Therefore, after a good reunion dinner, every household should first "worship their husbands" (worship their ancestors). When offering sacrifices to ancestors, the incense burner representing ancestors should be removed from the shrine, put on the altar, and then burn incense to pray and invite ancestors to dinner. Then the old and the young bowed down in turn, fully demonstrating the traditional virtues of the hipsters, being cautious to the end, pursuing the distance, and putting all virtues first. After the sacrifice, the food for ancestor worship was reheated, and a big table was set in the hall, and the whole family gathered around. This is a wonderful time for every family to get together. No matter how far apart the family is at ordinary times, or how many zits there are at ordinary times, we should talk and laugh at this time, and we should not say anything sad or make noise. After supper, housewives are busy clearing the table. Then he lit a fire in the stove and began to prepare offerings for tomorrow's sacrifice-steamed hearts, rat cakes and other products. If there are guests at home, the hostess will offer you a plate of vegetarian fruit, and then make mellow congou, so that you can taste delicious Chaoshan snacks. After the kitchen god went to heaven on December 24 of the lunar calendar, Chaoshan people began to prepare for the New Year. Every household carries out cleaning, rearrangement and decoration inside and outside the house; Steamed red peaches, mouse-shaped peaches and other products; Buy new year's goods and new clothes; Haircut, beauty. On New Year's Eve, he brought the "Three Birds" to slaughter and bought sacrificial supplies. After lunch, the whole family should take a bath, wear new clothes, worship their ancestors, put up Spring Festival couplets, hang lanterns and put up wall symbols. In the evening, set up a stove in the hall, and the whole family will have a reunion dinner around the stove. No matter how far your family is usually scattered, you should hurry home for reunion. After "surrounding the kitchen", the elders should give the younger generation "lucky money", and the younger generation who can earn money should also give the elders red envelopes, which is called "waist-pressing pocket". On this day, you can't make noise and break plates, bowls and other utensils. If you break them, you can say something auspicious to make up for your mistakes, such as "opening your mouth to make a fortune", which symbolizes that the whole family is full from beginning to end. At home, the water tank should be filled with water and the rice tank should be filled with rice to symbolize "more than one year". Stay up all night, and every family stays up all year. Answer supplement
The first day of the first lunar month is the first year of the lunar calendar, which is called "Spring Festival". In ancient times, it was called "New Year's Day", commonly known as "New Year's Day". Early in the morning, every household put on new clothes and set off firecrackers to worship the ancestors of heaven and earth. When offering sacrifices to ancestors, vegetarian food should be used as a confession, because it is said that Maitreya Buddha sat down on this day, so vegetarian food was used. This custom has been circulating for a long time, and the Qing Shunzhi's Chaozhou Fuzhi said: "Yuan Day is a sacrifice." Qing Qianlong's "Puning County Records" said: On the first day of the Yuan Dynasty, ancestors were sacrificed to vegetarian food, and on the second day, ancestors were sacrificed to meat. "Then the whole family had a warm and friendly breakfast, and the next generation blessed the elders, and the elders sent expectations to the next generation. After breakfast, parents will take their children to visit relatives and friends. Whenever you visit relatives and friends, you should bring Chaozhou oranges. Because oranges are bigger than oranges, they are named big oranges. Oranges are homophonic with auspicious words, meaning "auspicious". A big orange means good luck. It doesn't matter much how many oranges you bring, but it must be even, not odd. Moreover, there is always a plate of red and green oranges and olives on the coffee table of the host family, plus candy to welcome guests and guests. When the guests come in, they say some auspicious words to each other, such as "Happy New Year" and "Congratulations on getting rich". The host should treat the guests to olives, sweets and congou, exchange good luck, and give each other a "profit market" (red envelopes). Then the host prepares wine and holds a banquet to entertain the guests, commonly known as congratulations. Qing Jiaqing's "Chenghai County Records": "All the dining tables are invited to drink. As the saying goes,' every family has wine in the first month' ". Answer supplement
The Spring Festival is a holy day, so Chaozhou has many taboos, such as not sweeping the floor or washing clothes, for fear of losing money; Don't use long and short chopsticks when eating, or you will miss the opportunity in the transition; Don't eat porridge or drink rice soup, or it will rain when you go out; Don't speak ill, don't swear, don't fight. If the children of Family A beat and scold the children of Family B, the parents of Family A should take a pair of oranges to apologize and wish others good luck. With the development of society, some superstitious customs have gradually faded or been given new contents. Before liberation, there was a custom of "traveling with lanterns" in towns and villages, commonly known as "traveling with elders". People want to give Chaozhou gongs and drums, dragon dances and lion dances to celebrities and buy New Year greetings. After liberation, these customs have been basically abolished, replaced by colorful flags, gongs and drums, lion dance, puzzles, chess, basketball and other cultural and sports activities. All levels carry out activities to support the army, support the government and love the people.