When were the three industrial revolutions?

The first industrial revolution: mechanization

Time: 65438+1960s to 19 (about 1760 to 1850).

Features: Watt improved the steam engine, thus creating an industrial wave of replacing labor with machines. The machines used in the first industrial revolution were all driven by steam or water power. It is of epoch-making significance to replace labor with machines for the first time.

1765, the weaver Hargreaves invented the "Jenny loom", which opened the curtain of the industrial revolution.

1785, Watt's improved steam engine was put into use, which provided more convenient power and promoted the popularization and development of the machine. Thus, human society entered the "age of steam".

The appearance of factories has become the most important organizational form of industrial production, and plays an increasingly important role.

1807, American Fulton made a steamboat powered by steam and successfully conducted a sea trial.

18 14 years, British Stephenson invented the "steam car".

1825, Stephenson personally drove a 34-car train, and the test drive was successful. Since then, the human transportation industry has entered an era driven by steam.

From 65438 to 0840, Britain became the first industrial country in the world.

The Second Industrial Revolution: Electrification

Time: 65438+1970s to early 20th century (about 1870 to 1900).

Features: In the first industrial revolution, steam and hydraulic machines could not meet the needs of the rapid development of human society, and new energy power and machines led to the second industrial revolution. Due to the invention of internal combustion engine and the application of electricity, electrical appliances have been widely used. At this time, the machine has enough power, cars, ships, planes and other means of transportation develop rapidly, and the functions of the machine are more diversified. With the development of telephone, the communication between human beings has become simple and fast, and the spread of information among human beings has laid the foundation for the third industrial revolution.

1866, Siemens of Germany made the generator, and in the 1970s, practical generators came out.

19 in the 1970s and 1980s, three-wheeled cars, four-wheeled cars, electric lights, automatic tickers, telephones and movie projectors appeared one after another.

The invention of internal combustion engine promoted the development of petroleum exploitation industry and petrochemical industry. From 1870 to 1900, as a new energy source, the oil output increased from 800,000 tons to 20 million tons.

The Third Industrial Revolution: Automation

Time: 1950s to present (about 1950 to present)

Features: Compared with the second industrial revolution, the third industrial revolution has undergone more tremendous changes. High-tech products and technologies such as atomic energy, aerospace technology, electronic computers, artificial materials and genetic engineering are no longer limited to simple machinery, but are becoming more and more mature. With the development and application of Internet-based information technology, almost everyone on the earth is connected, and various robots appear in industrial production. In this era, the "ambition" of human beings is no longer limited to the earth we can see, but the sea of stars, and it has been realized with the rapid development of space technology.

(Utilization and Development of Space Technology)

From 65438 to 0957, the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial earth satellite, which opened a new era of space technology development.

1958, the United States launched an artificial earth satellite.

1959, the "Moon" 2 satellite launched by the Soviet Union became the first satellite to send objects to the moon.

196 1 year, Soviet astronaut Gagarin took the lead in entering space in a spaceship.

1969, American neil armstrong realized his dream of landing on the moon. Since 1970s, space activities have shifted from near-earth space to flying out of the solar system.

1970, China launched its first artificial satellite, and China's space technology developed rapidly, and now it has become one of the world's space powers.

198 1 year, the first American space shuttle Columbia successfully flew and landed safely two days later. It has three characteristics: rocket, spaceship and airplane, and it is a major breakthrough in the aerospace industry.

(Utilization and Development of Atomic Energy Technology)

1945, the United States successfully trial-produced the atomic bomb.

1954, the Soviet union built the first atomic power station.

(Application and Development of Computer Technology)

1946, the first generation of computers appeared in the form of electron tube computers.

1959, the second generation computer appeared in the form of transistor computer.

1964, the third generation computer appeared as an integrated circuit computer.

1970 developed into the fourth generation computer as a large-scale integrated circuit machine.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Intelligentization

Time: The time of the fourth industrial revolution is rather vague. 20 10 in July, the German government adopted the high-tech strategy for 2020, and identified industry as one of the top ten future projects. Today, the achievements of the fourth industrial revolution have not covered the scale of the third industrial revolution. We should now be in the transition period from the third industrial revolution to the fourth industrial revolution.

Features: In the high-tech strategy 2020, the German government hopes to realize the automation of production to the greatest extent in the next 10- 15 years. Internet of Things technology and big data bear the core technical support in the fourth industrial revolution, and more and more robots will replace labor or even completely replace labor to realize "unmanned factories". Although the fourth industrial revolution achieved the ultimate liberation of human resources, some people worry that highly intelligent robots will have bad intentions for human beings after they have "thinking".

Intelligent factory, intelligent production, intelligent home appliances, human-computer interaction, 3D technology, network communication technology, Internet of Things, resource integration, mobile Internet, digital manufacturing, big data revolution, machine self-organization, cloud computing, and high digitalization.