Calligraphy Cultural Knowledge

1. There are those cultural general knowledge about calligraphy

Chinese calligraphy is an ancient art of writing Chinese characters, from oracle bone inscriptions, stone drum inscriptions, gold inscriptions (Zhongdingwen) evolved into Big Seal Script, Small Seal Script, Clerical Script, and finalized in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, Cursive, Regular Script and Running Script, Chinese Calligraphy has always been exuding the charisma of art.

Chinese calligraphy is a very unique visual art, and Chinese characters are an important factor in Chinese calligraphy, because Chinese calligraphy arose and developed in Chinese culture, and Chinese characters are one of the basic elements of Chinese culture. The reliance on Chinese characters is the main mark that distinguishes Chinese calligraphy from other kinds of calligraphy.

Calligraphy is an abstract symbolic art based on Chinese characters and written with brushes with four-dimensional characteristics, which reflects the basic law of "unity of opposites" and the spirit, temperament, knowledge and cultivation of human beings as the main body.

2. Basic knowledge of calligraphy

From the surface meaning of the word, calligraphy refers to the law of writing.

In life, the word calligraphy has the following meanings: first, it is a synonym for a particular piece of writing or a collective term for all writing; second, it is a category of art, generally referring to the art of writing Chinese characters. Kang Youwei said in the book "The Two Oars of the Wide Art Boat", "Tang said structure, Song Shang Yi Yi", which shows that the Tang calligraphy is the highest and most rigorous pursuit of the law, and the Tang calligraphy achievement is also the highest peak in the history of calligraphy.

Calligraphy is a traditional art unique to China. Chinese characters were created by the laboring people, and began to record things in pictures. After thousands of years of development, they evolved into today's characters, and because our ancestors invented writing with brushes, calligraphy was created. Throughout the ages, brushes have been used as the main means of writing Chinese characters, and the laws of other forms of writing, such as hard brush and finger writing, are not vastly different from brushes, but are basically similar to each other.

Narrow meaning In a narrow sense, calligraphy refers to the method and rules of writing Chinese characters with a brush. It includes the execution of the brush, the movement of the brush, the dots and drawings, the structure, and the layout (distribution, rows and chapters).

For example, the pen is a real palm virtual, five fingers together; pen stroke in the front of the spread of the hair; dots and paintings to the pen with the intention to run crags the same; the structure of the word to form, the phase of peace and echo; the distribution of intricate and complex, sparse and dense, the virtual and real, the whole chapter of the gas; paragraph knowledge of the word ancient paragraph today, the word large paragraph small, rather high than low, and so on. The connotation of calligraphy mainly includes the following aspects: 1, calligraphy refers to the four treasures as a tool to express *** sense of an art.

The specificity of the tool is an important aspect of the art of calligraphy. With the help of the four treasures as a tool, to fully realize the performance of the tool, is an important part of the calligraphy technique.

Without the four treasures, the art of calligraphy can never be realized. 2. The art of calligraphy takes Chinese characters as its carrier.

The specificity of Chinese characters is another important aspect of the specificity of calligraphy. Chinese calligraphy is inseparable from Chinese characters, and the shape of their dots and drawings, and the matching of their radicals are the more concerned contents of the writers.

Unlike other pinyin characters, Chinese characters are a combination of form, sound, and meaning, with strong formal implications. The so-called "Six Books" of the ancients refers to the six methods of creating and using Chinese characters, namely, pictograms, referents, huiyi, xingyin, transliteration, and pseudo-borrowing, which are of great significance in analyzing the morphological structure of Chinese characters.

3. The background of the art of calligraphy is traditional Chinese culture. Calligraphy is rooted in the soil of traditional Chinese culture, and traditional culture is the background on which calligraphy survives and develops.

Today we can see the theory of calligraphy since the Han Dynasty, with its own systematic, complete and rational. Like other theories of literature and art, the theory of calligraphy includes both the theory of the technique of calligraphy itself and its aesthetic theory, and in these theories, the light of the wisdom of ancient Chinese literati shines through.

For example, the theory of calligraphy on how to show "God, gas, bone, flesh, blood" and other categories of theory, on the brushwork, calligraphy, chapter and other technical theories, as well as the theory of creativity, product reviews and so on, are all with their own system. 4. Calligraphy ontology includes brushwork, characterization, composition, chapter, ink and brushwork.

Calligraphy brushwork is the core of its technique. It is also known as "brushwork", which refers to the method of utilizing the brush with a sharp edge.

Calligraphy, also known as the "knotting" and "structure", refers to the relationship between the dots and paintings in the characters, such as matching, interspersing, echoing, avoiding, and so on. Chapter method, also known as "Bubai", refers to the overall layout of a word, including the relationship between words, the relationship between the lines of treatment.

Ink method, is the method of using ink, refers to the ink thickness, light, dry, dry, wet processing. Broadly speaking In a broad sense, calligraphy refers to the law of writing linguistic symbols.

In other words, calligraphy refers to the writing of words according to their characteristics and their meanings, with their calligraphic strokes, structures, and chapters, so as to make them into works of art rich in aesthetics. With the development of cultural endeavors, calligraphy has not only limited to the use of brushes and writing Chinese characters, its connotation has greatly increased.

Such as from the use of tools, only the pen this item is a variety of brushes, hard pen, computer equipment, guns, branding tools, carving knives, engraving machines, daily tools (mainly refers to the texture of the harder, can be used to write the hardware, life tools) and so on. Pigment is not only the use of black ink block, ink, adhesives, chemicals, spray paint glaze and other colorful, exotic; the variety of varieties, the list goes on and on.

From the pen on the way to see, some with the hand pen, some with the foot pen, that is, with other organs of the pen is also not lacking, and even some people write simply do not use the pen, such as the "finger book" "squeezing leakage of the book" and so on; from the writing on the kind of writing, not a Chinese character, some ethnic minority characters. The five main styles of Chinese calligraphy, seal script (including the big seal, small seal script), yan script (including yan line), clerical script (including ancient and modern clerical script), regular script (including weibi, regular script), running script (including running script, running cursive), cursive script (including zhangcao, small cursive, large cursive, standard cursive).

Expanded Information:

Calligraphy, the Chinese calligraphy is an artistic expression of the beauty of writing that is unique to China and the neighboring countries and regions that have been y influenced by Chinese culture.

It includes Chinese calligraphy, Mongolian calligraphy, *** calligraphy and English calligraphy. Chinese Calligraphy" is a traditional art unique to Chinese characters.

In a broader sense, calligraphy refers to the law of writing symbols. In other words, calligraphy is the art of writing in accordance with the characteristics of the characters and their meanings, with their stylistic strokes, structures, and chapters, to make them aesthetically pleasing works of art.

Calligraphy of Chinese characters is an original art of expression of the Han people, and is known as: a poem without words, a dance without lines; a painting without pictures, a music without sound, and so on. Seal Script Seal Script is the collective name for the Big Seal and the Small Seal.

Oracle, three thousand years ago, is the earliest known script, mainly used for divination. The writing style is thin, strong and upright, with more straight lines.

There are square and round strokes, as well as pointed strokes, and the handwriting has more "hanging needles". The Big Seal Script refers to Jinwen, Pre-Han, and Six Kingdoms scripts, which have preserved the distinctive features of ancient hieroglyphic scripts.

The Small Seal Script, also known as the Qin Seal Script, is the common script of the Qin Dynasty and a simplified version of the Big Seal Script, which is characterized by an even and neat shape and an easier to write script than the seal script. Official Script (隶书) Official Script (隶书), also known as Han Clerical Script (汉隶)[1], is a solemn script commonly found in Chinese characters. It is slightly broad and flat, with long horizontal strokes and short straight strokes in the form of a rectangle, and is characterized by the "silkworm head, wild goose tail" and the "one wave, three twists and turns".

The origin of the script was in the Qin Dynasty, organized by Cheng Miao, and reached its peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which had an undeniable impact on the calligraphy of later generations, and the calligraphy world is known as the "Han Li Tang Kai". For example, "Han Lu Xiang Han Li made the Confucius Temple ceremonial tablet", also known as "Han.

3. What is the art of calligraphy

The so-called "calligraphy", initially refers to the method of writing, or the law of writing.

Later, with the development of history, it has become a special term, specifically referring to the art of calligraphy. The more artistic works of calligraphy or posters are also known as "law books" and "book posters".

However, at present, people read about calligraphy, often have a one-sided view. One is to look at calligraphy too simple, that calligraphy is to write the word, the word written is calligraphy.

According to this, anyone who writes well should be a calligrapher. The other is to see calligraphy as too subtle and divine, thinking that calligraphy is art and unattainable.

This kind of view will make people shy away from calligraphy and think that they have no artistic cells, so they just don't learn it. Both of these views emphasize only one side of things, ignoring the other side, so it affects people's learning of the art of calligraphy, and, in general, affects the development of the art of calligraphy.

4. Cultural knowledge about calligraphy

Chinese calligraphy is an ancient art of writing Chinese characters. From the oracle bone inscriptions, stone drum inscriptions, gold inscriptions (Zhongdingwen) to the Big Seal Script, Small Seal Script, and Clerical Scripts, and then to the Cursive, Regular, and Running Scripts, which were finalized in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Wei Dynasty, and the Jin Dynasty, Chinese calligraphy has always been a charm of the art.

Chinese calligraphy is a very unique visual art, and Chinese characters are an important factor in Chinese calligraphy, because Chinese calligraphy arose and developed in Chinese culture, and Chinese characters are one of the basic elements of Chinese culture. The reliance on Chinese characters is the main mark that distinguishes Chinese calligraphy from other kinds of calligraphy.

Calligraphy is an abstract symbolic art based on Chinese characters and written with brushes with four-dimensional characteristics, which embodies the basic law of "unity of opposites" and reflects the spirit, temperament, knowledge and cultivation of human beings as the main body of all things.

5. What is the basic knowledge of calligraphy paper

Paper is one of the "Four Great Inventions" of our country, and in the early days, paper was made of broken nets with broken silk, and the production was not large and the quality was poor.

Archaeological excavations in the Baqiao area on the eastern outskirts of Xi'an show that paper made from plant fibers appeared in the Western Han Dynasty, long before Cai Lun. Cai Lun of the Eastern Han Dynasty adopted a variety of raw materials and improved paper-making methods, utilizing bark, hemp and other materials to make paper, which greatly improved both the quality and output of paper.

Due to the widespread use of paper, the Jinan Emperor ordered the abolition of bamboo and wooden slips used since ancient times, to replace bamboo and wooden slips with paper, paper production increased dramatically, the quality improved, and the emergence of rattan paper, moss paper, bamboo paper and other new products. Advance history to the age of the full use of paper.

The Sui and Tang dynasties is the heyday of the papermaking industry, the king of paper "Xuan paper", is produced during this period and flourished. Xuan paper originated in the area of Jing County, Xuanzhou, Anhui Province, so the rule of Xuan paper.

For thousands of years, Xuan paper, with its soft texture, rubbing not folded, texture close, clean as jade, not rotting and not moth and so on, enjoys the "life paper" thousand years of reputation, become the necessities of Chinese book tael. The Ming Dynasty paper category is complete, where the former famous paper, can be imitated.

By the Qing Dynasty, the development of papermaking industry had been on a large scale, with special paper for the court, general paper, antique paper, foreign paper, etc. The invention of paper contributed to the prosperity of culture and the development of the Chinese culture. The invention of paper for the prosperity of culture and dissemination of indelible merit, even in the mechanism of paper prevalent today, some of the traditional handmade paper is still reflecting its irreplaceable role, glowing with a unique luster.

6. Knowledge of Calligraphy

Calligraphy is a high-level art with law.

The emphasis is on "law"! The difference between a calligrapher and a calligrapher is that there is a "law" and there is no "law". One of the traditional arts.

It refers to the art of writing seal script, official script, formal script, running script and cursive script with a brush. The technique is concerned with the execution of the brush, the use of brushes, dots and drawings, structure, chapters and so on, and is closely related to the traditional Chinese art of painting and seal cutting.

It has a history of more than 3,000 years, with the golden script of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties as the germ; followed by Qin seal script, Han clerical script, Jin cursive script, Wei stele, Tang Regular script, and Song Running script, each of which has its own specialty. Extended information Calligraphy as a unique art of Chinese characters, good or bad naturally have certain standards.

This standard is mainly reflected in three aspects: First, is the work of the technique is mature. The first is whether the technique of the work is mature, which is mainly manifested in the inheritance of the ancients, and whether there is solid kung fu, which is the basis for the existence of the work; the second is whether there is a unique appearance.

Innovation is the soul of art, so a calligrapher's works in the ancient and modern can have a unique look is also a key factor; Third, the style of works constantly have new breakthroughs. People are developing, art is naturally a new realm, this reflects a calligrapher's own ability to learn and innovative qualities.

If the appearance of the work is always the same, its artistic quality is certainly not high.

Reference:

Baidu Encyclopedia - Calligraphy. Calligraphy.

7. What is the historical information about calligraphy

The history of Chinese calligraphy has gone through a long process.

Calligraphy is a uniquely Chinese art, and although its self-realization did not occur until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the art of calligraphy was born at the same time as the birth of the Chinese characters. The formation of Chinese characters took place over a long historical period.

The earliest Chinese ancient Chinese characters recognized by the scholarly community are the oracle bone inscriptions and gold inscriptions from the mid- to late Shang Dynasty (about 14th to 11th centuries before the Shang Dynasty). From the late Shang Dynasty to the unification of China by the Qin Dynasty (221 years ago), the general trend in the evolution of Chinese characters was from complexity to simplicity.

This evolution was reflected in the transmutation of fonts and glyphs. The tendency of Jinwen to become linear in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, and the development of folk cursive seal scripts to ancient scribes in the Warring States Period, greatly weakened the pictorial nature of the characters.

However, the artistry of calligraphy has been enriched with the transmutation of calligraphic styles. China's 5,000 years of civilization and its unparalleled wealth of written records have been recognized by the world, and in this vast and profound history, the art of Chinese calligraphy and painting has reproduced this process of transmutation over time with its unique art form and art language.

And the sister arts of painting and calligraphy have interpreted the connotation of traditional Chinese culture with their complementarity and independence in the historical transmutation. Because of the consistency of the tools and materials used in the creation of calligraphy and painting.

"Chronicles of Painting and Calligraphy", when talking about the origin of ancient writing and painting, said: "It was also the time when books and paintings were the same, but not divided, and the elephant system was created and is still slight, there is no way to convey its meaning, so there is a book; there is no way to see its shape, so there is a painting". Although calligraphy and painting have the same source of comparability, but the later development of the situation is to complement the independence of the development of change.

The formation and development of the art of Chinese calligraphy is inextricably linked to the creation and evolution of Chinese characters. So what exactly is "calligraphy"? We can understand it in terms of its nature, its aesthetic characteristics, its origin, and its unique means of expression.

Calligraphy is an abstract symbolic art based on Chinese characters and written with brushes with four-dimensional characteristics, which embodies the basic law of "unity of opposites" and reflects the spirit, temperament, knowledge and cultivation of human beings as the main body of all things. It is complementary to the independence of the development of change.

The formation and development of the art of Chinese calligraphy and the creation and evolution of Chinese characters have an inextricable link. So what is "calligraphy"? We can understand it in terms of its nature, its aesthetic characteristics, its origin, and its unique means of expression.

Calligraphy is an abstract symbolic art based on Chinese characters, written with a brush and characterized by four dimensions, which embodies the basic law of "unity of opposites" and reflects the spirit, temperament, knowledge and cultivation of the human being as a subject. Yin and Shang oracle bones (ritual hunting painted Zhu cattle bone engraved words) oracle bones found in 1899 (Qing Guangxu 25 years).

It was written on tortoise bones, animal bones, and human bones during the Yin-Shang period to record divination, rituals, and other activities, and it is an ancient Chinese character processed through the history of witchcraft. Strictly speaking, only when it comes to oracle bone writing can it be called calligraphy.

Because the oracle bones already have the three basic elements of Chinese calligraphy: brushwork, characterization, and chaptering. The previous pictorial symbols did not have all three elements.

The picture is "sacrificial hunting Tu Zhu cattle bone engraved words", the works of the Shang Dynasty Wuding period, the style of bold, the size of the characters are staggered, vivid, each state, rich in change and natural and elegant. It is a masterpiece of oracle bone calligraphy.

Western Zhou Dabu Ding Inscription Dabu Ding is a famous bronze in the period of King Kang of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there is an inscription on the inner wall, up to 291 words, for the Western Zhou bronzes are rare. The inscription reads: The king of the Zhou Dynasty admonished Yu (a person's name) that the Yin Dynasty died of alcoholism, while the Zhou Dynasty prospered by avoiding alcohol, and ordered Yu to do his best to assist him, honoring the virtuous government of King Wen and King Wu.

Its calligraphy is rigorous, word shape, layout are very simple and plain, with the pen square and round, with the end of the strict and dignified artistic effect, is a masterpiece of the early Western Zhou Jinwen calligraphy. Western Zhou Maogong Ding inscription is one of the famous Western Zhou bronzes, made in the late Western Zhou Xuan Wang period.

There is a long inscription of 498 characters on the inner wall. The inscription reads: "In order to revitalize the Zhou Dynasty and eliminate the accumulated evils, the King of Zhou ordered his important minister Mao Gong to serve the King of Zhou faithfully, so as to avoid the disaster of losing the country, and gave him a large number of goods, and in order to thank the King of Zhou, Mao Gong cast the tripod to remember his deeds.

Its calligraphy is a mature Western Zhou Jinwen style, the structure is proportional and accurate, the lines are robust and robust, the layout is appropriate, full of rational color, showing that the Jinwen has developed into an extremely mature situation. Western Zhou scattered disk for the late Western Zhou Li Wang era of bronze, its inscription structure Qi Gu, line rounded and condensed, due to take the horizontal trend and the center of gravity is low, so the more show plain thick.

Its "casting" sense is very strong, showing a strong "gold flavor", so in the monumental system, occupies an important position. Hu Xiaoshi, a famous modern calligrapher, commented: "The seal script is ready for the Zhou Dynasty, and its big tools such as the Yu Ding, Mao Gong Ding, ...... and take the vertical force, and its Shang horizontal only "scattered plate" only.

Eastern Zhou stone drum text for the Warring States period Qin carved stone. Stone drums *** have ten, shaped like a drum, each piece of stone drums on the pre-written carving of a poem in four words, *** ten, the content of which is a description of the King of Qin's hunting, so the stone drums are also known as hunting stone.

The words wear a lot, now hidden in the Forbidden City Museum in Beijing. The Stone Drum Script has an important position in the history of calligraphy.

Its script is typical of the Qin calligraphic style and had a great influence on the emergence of the small seal script in the later Qin dynasty. At the same time, its own artistic achievement is also very high, it is square and even, stretching and generous, the lines are full and rounded, the strokes are thick, in the "Stone Drum Wen" between the lines can no longer be found in the traces of hieroglyphic drawings, completely composed of lines of the symbolic structure.

Qin Calligraphy Editor Unified Text Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period, the text of the countries are very different, is a major obstacle to the development of economic and cultural. Qin Shi Huang annexed the world, the minister Li Si presided over the unification of the national script, making it neat and tidy, which is a great achievement in Chinese cultural history.

The unified script of Qin was called the Qin Seal Script, also known as the Small Seal Script, which was simplified from the Golden Script and the Stone Drum Script. It is represented by the famous calligrapher Li Si as the Qin Taishan engraved stone, which has been highly praised throughout the generations.

The Qin Dynasty was a period of change in inheritance and innovation. The Preface to the Shuowen Jiezi said, "The Qin book has eight styles, one is the Great Seal, the second is the Small Seal, the third is the engraved symbols, the fourth is the worm book, the fifth is the facsimile of the seal, the sixth is the signing of the book, the seventh is the book, and the eighth is the book of scribes."

Basically summarizes the appearance of the font at this time. The emergence of the scribe is a major advance in the writing of Chinese characters, is a revolution in the history of calligraphy, not only to make the Chinese characters tend to square regular.

8. Knowledge of Calligraphy

1. Calligraphy, also known as "Chinese Calligraphy", is a traditional art unique to China.

In a narrow sense, calligraphy refers to the method and rules of writing Chinese characters with a brush. It includes the execution of the brush, strokes, dots and drawings, structure, layout (distribution, rows and chapters) and so on.

In a broader sense, calligraphy refers to the laws of writing linguistic symbols. In other words, calligraphy refers to writing according to the characteristics of words and their meanings, writing with their calligraphic strokes, structures and chapters, making it a work of art rich in beauty.

2. Cultivate the body and cultivate the character, cultivate the sentiment 3. The work is often used, the benefits are quite a lot.

4. Calligraphy is a culture that needs to be inherited and developed. Let our own mind and living environment more rich in beauty, flavor, more river crab.

5. Narrowly speaking, it is pen, ink, paper and inkstone. Broadly speaking, as long as the writing of words with a sense of beauty do not have to be divided into what tools, mop dipped in water on the cement board to write as long as there is a sense of beauty can be called calligraphy. 6. hard pen calligraphy is the art of calligraphy in the garden of a bright flower.

Its writing tools include fountain pens, ballpoint pens, dip pens, pencils, plastic-tipped pens, bamboo pens, wooden pens, iron pens, etc., with ink as the main carrier to express the writing skills of Chinese characters.