Compilation and approval of detailed planning of historical blocks?

1, the focus of protection and construction of historical and cultural cities-detailed planning of historical blocks

The protection planning of historical and cultural cities is multi-level, and the substantive work content of each link is indispensable, but the most important thing in the planning system is the detailed planning of historical blocks. Since 1990s, large-scale urban construction has not paid enough attention to historical buildings and historical environment, and the architectural heritage of most historical and cultural cities has suffered serious losses in this process. As a cultural relic protection unit, most architectural heritages have been preserved in an isolated form, and only a few remaining historical blocks can reflect some historical features of the city. In addition, most buildings in historical blocks lack the legal protection of cultural relics protection units as specified in the Cultural Relics Law, so the result of the protection of historical and cultural cities at the beginning of 2 1 century will largely determine the future fate of historical blocks. In addition, a number of special plans for the protection of historical and cultural cities at the master plan level have been completed, the protection framework has been defined, and the protection work has been transformed into the next level of implementing the master plan-detailed planning. Therefore, grasping the detailed planning of historical blocks and striving to ensure its compilation quality will become the focus of the protection and construction of famous cities in the next stage. After the completion of the master plan, the detailed planning under its guidance actually has many achievements, so it is very important to choose a reasonable and protective way. Then, who will choose and evaluate the detailed planning of historical sites, as well as the specific methods and quality of planning? Let's take a look at the current planning approval system in China.

2. There are drawbacks in the current detailed planning and approval system of historical blocks.

Article 21 of the Urban Planning Law clearly stipulates the hierarchical examination and approval system of urban planning: "The overall urban planning of a municipality directly under the Central Government shall be submitted to the State Council for examination and approval. ..... The overall planning of the cities and towns where the people's governments at the county level are located shall be submitted to the Municipal People's Government for examination and approval. ..... The zoning plan of a city shall be examined and approved by the people's government of the city. ..... Detailed urban planning shall be examined and approved by the people's government of the city; The detailed planning of urban zoning planning shall be examined and approved by the competent department of urban planning administration of the Municipal People's Government, except for important detailed planning. " It can be seen that the overall planning of the city is approved by the government department at the next higher level, while the formulation and approval power of detailed planning is in the local government and local planning administrative departments, and there are no special provisions for historical and cultural cities and historical blocks. In other words, the quality and concrete implementation of detailed planning of historical blocks are controlled by the local people's government, and only by the local people's government.

Protecting historical buildings and many cultural heritages requires a certain economic price. The current system in China is that the local government, as the main body paying the price, preserves these cultural heritages for the whole country and even the whole mankind. Therefore, the protection of architectural heritage has always faced the contradiction between local interests and overall interests. For local governments, when the architectural heritage can not directly produce economic benefits, the protection of historical buildings has become an economic burden and an obstacle to urban construction. In this way, it is difficult for local governments to maintain a proactive attitude in protection, and the limitations of their work are obvious. Therefore, it is more appropriate to control the regulatory detailed planning in a larger scope as far as possible, and it is currently defined by provinces. Taking Zhejiang Province as an example, this paper discusses the control of the provincial government on the detailed planning of historical blocks.

3, Zhejiang Province, the historical and cultural city protection planning requirements

Zhejiang province is a province that has done a good job in the protection of historical and cultural cities in China. In August, 2002, the "Requirements for the Compilation of Protection Planning for Historical and Cultural Cities in Zhejiang Province" was promulgated and implemented, which stipulated the content and depth of protection planning for historical and cultural cities. Among them, the sixth point of Article 4, "Contents of protection planning", clearly includes the protection planning of historical sites, and requires it to include the detailed planning of key protected areas. The first point of Article 6 "Depth of protection planning" clearly stipulates that "protection planning is the planning in the stage of overall urban planning and rural construction planning, and the depth of detailed planning should be reached for key protected areas, traditional style coordination areas and cultural relics and historical sites that need to protect the overall environment". (Note: Zhejiang Province calls historical blocks historic sites, and requires that key protected areas and style coordination areas be designated for historic sites. )

It can be seen that Zhejiang Province wants to control the detailed planning of historical sites in the overall planning stage. Although there are various problems in the implementation process, this method is still effective in controlling detailed planning and is conducive to the protection of historical sites. It should be pointed out that the scale of Zhejiang's famous historical and cultural cities is not too large, so it is difficult for those big cities and megacities with a population of more than one million to ask them to make detailed plans for each historical block in the overall planning stage. The regulatory detailed planning in the overall planning stage should be suitable for small and medium-sized towns, but not for all historical and cultural cities. Therefore, we must explore and try other methods.

4. Various ways of regulatory detailed planning of historical blocks.

Because the situation in different provinces in China is quite different, it is impossible to implement unified policies and methods. Now it is simply divided into three situations:

The first situation is to control the detailed planning of historical blocks in the overall planning. This method is more suitable for small-scale historical and cultural towns, that is, the detailed planning of historical blocks is completed in the special planning of the overall planning. Due to the small scale of the city, the contents involved in the master plan are not very complicated, which makes it possible to go deep into the detailed planning level of the special planning for the protection of historical and cultural cities.

In this way, the approval level of the detailed planning of historical blocks can be equal to that of the overall planning, that is, it is pushed up to one level: the famous historical and cultural cities are approved by the provincial authorities, and the famous historical and cultural towns are approved by the municipal authorities. If the quality of provincial famous historical and cultural towns is high and the province where they are located has strict requirements, it may be stipulated that the protection plan of provincial famous historical and cultural towns shall be examined and approved by the provincial competent department. This is the second case, and the provincial authorities specially approve the detailed planning of historical blocks.

The detailed planning of historical blocks can be controlled at the provincial level by the provincial authorities, which should be an ideal way to better control the detailed planning of historical blocks. However, if there are many historical and cultural cities, towns and historical blocks in the province, and the examination and approval work is concentrated in the province, the burden of provincial organs will be heavier and it will be very difficult to operate in practice. Therefore, it is necessary to have a solution to this situation.

The above two methods focus on controlling the terminal of detailed planning of historic sites, and control the compilation results by strengthening the examination and approval level. So, can we try to start from its starting point? In other words, there are strict requirements for the detailed planning of historical blocks. In most cases, the compilation requirements are there, but they are not strict enough and detailed enough to really control the detailed planning of historical blocks. The formulation of the preparation requirements must be operable and legally effective, and a supervision institution must be designated. In order to make these methods more effective, the detailed planning of historical blocks should be filed with the competent department at the examination and approval level, and even the changes after examination and approval should be re-examined.

5, the content and depth requirements of detailed planning of historical blocks

In order to provide principles and operating platforms for planning approval and provide basis for the formulation of planning requirements, the basic contents and requirements that should be included in the detailed planning of historical blocks are briefly described as follows, and the planning can be appropriately adjusted according to the actual situation.

(1) Delineate the scope of key protected areas and style coordination areas and put forward corresponding protection requirements, so that key protected areas can reach the depth of detailed planning for construction.

(2) the evaluation of historical value and historical elements, including the evaluation of the comprehensive value of historical buildings and historical sites, as well as the evaluation of individual contents related to planning.

(3) Put forward specific treatment opinions on existing buildings in historical areas, which should be specific to each type or building. (4) Put forward control requirements for new buildings, including height control, and define the volume, form, color, material, etc. The specific content of the regulation is determined according to the original historical information of historical areas, with the standard of maintaining historical features and distinguishing them from real historical buildings. In addition, it should also explain the traditional forms, techniques and specific practices that should be adopted in architectural details.

⑤ Put forward the renovation planning of historic buildings, and put forward the principles and requirements of planning of roads, fire protection, greening and facilities.

⑥ Adjust land use, improve population density, organize traffic and parking, point out the problems existing in historical areas, and pay attention to the connection with the overall urban planning.

⑦ Investigation, collection and arrangement of basic data, including history, present situation and social investigation. The investigation of historical elements mainly includes the historical evolution of cities or villages, relevant historical maps, important historical events and allusions, historical celebrities, cultural relics, traditional patterns, scenic spots, ancient and famous trees, and the current distribution of ancient wells in water systems. In addition, it also includes the investigation of intangible culture including traditional crafts, folk customs, local traditional crafts, local operas and oral cultural heritage. The current situation investigation includes surveying and mapping of important historical buildings, land use in historical areas, infrastructure, architectural style, quality, age, number of floors, roof form and current situation analysis. Social surveys include surveys on actual use, family structure, family income and residents' wishes.

(8) In-depth study of the contents reflecting the traditional cultural connotation of historical and cultural cities and historical blocks, and analysis of cultural characteristics. All material forms shall be accompanied by drawings or forms.

6. Conclusion

The protection of historical and cultural cities and historical blocks is multi-link, and planning and design, planning and implementation, use management and rules and regulations all play a vital role in protecting the results. This paper focuses on the quality management of planning and design because planning plays a leading role in this series of links, is a norm of construction behavior, and plays a more decisive role in the protection of historical and cultural cities.

It should be pointed out that the method to improve the detailed planning and management level of historical blocks is based on the premise that the local government is not active enough, the local management level is not ideal enough and the system is not perfect enough. With the continuous improvement of system, personnel quality and management level, the quality of historical environmental protection will no longer be so closely related to management level.

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