. From the basic characteristics of traditional Chinese culture to analyze the reasons for the backwardness of modern China's science and technology.

Traditional Chinese culture

Traditional Chinese culture has a long and profound history, which refers to the social and cultural system based on individual agricultural economy, patriarchal family as the background, and Confucian ethics and morality as the core in Chinese history. It is a rich heritage inherited from our ancestors and has long been a world leader. The way of thinking, values and codes of conduct contained in Confucianism. On the one hand, it has a strong history and heredity; on the other hand, it has a vivid reality and variability. She is influencing today's Chinese people all the time, providing us with a historical basis and a realistic foundation for the creation of a new culture.

Basic Characteristics:

The basic characteristic of traditional Chinese culture is that its dominant position has long been occupied by the values of Confucian ethical culture.

For five thousand years, from the primitive peoples of China down to modern society, Confucian ethical culture has been the core of Chinese culture, and it still influences the way of thinking and behavior of the Chinese people.

In addition to this, we can also be recognized from the following characteristics:

Nationality

Traditional Chinese culture is a product of the closed ecological conditions, agriculture-based natural economy. It is the main body of the Han people, the integration of the wisdom of all peoples, *** with the creation of this particular region of a specific circle of human social and spiritual forms, with a strong ethnicity.

Completeness

Traditional Chinese culture is a complete and huge system formed over 5,000 years, from philosophical ideas, ways of thinking to psychological tendencies, penetrating into all aspects of social life, very rich, with the integrity of the content.

Inheritance

As a cultural tradition, it has been passed down from generation to generation and will continue to be passed down, either naturally or by choice, with the passage of time, never stopping. The inheritance of education belongs to the selection of inheritance, i.e., to pass on the excellent part. Therefore, it has a permanent inheritance.

Multiplicity

Traditional culture belongs to the old times, subject to the limitations of the times, always divided into two, in which the essence and the dregs exist side by side, nutrients and toxins are present. There are positive positive effects on education, but also negative negative effects, with the impact of the duality.

The direct impact of the backwardness of science and technology in modern China is also reflected in these aspects:

The impact of Confucian philosophy:

The orthodox philosophy of feudal China is Confucian philosophy, Confucian ethical thinking permeates the whole nation's mentality and consciousness, and the Confucian cultural concepts of "family world" dominate. Confucian cultural concepts dominate, many scientific and technological achievements are based on experience, as long as they can achieve the effect of use without deeper research. Traditional Chinese culture emphasizes experience over theory, overemphasizes practicality, and neglects theoretical deepening and improvement. As a result of the over-emphasis on the practicality of science, science and technology lost its development momentum once reality did not have direct requirements. For example, the Greeks fully demonstrated the power of theory, and their mathematics and natural science can still promote the development of European science after 1000 years. Our mathematics, on the other hand, developed from computational techniques and was once far ahead in the world, but it has seldom proposed a complete axiomatic system.

Influence of integrity:

China's thousands of years of traditional culture is characterized by the nature of closure and homogeneity, which is manifested in the system of self-enclosure, self-completion, and extreme exclusivity, denying the independent value of scientific exploration and the subjective consciousness.

The influence of inheritance:

At the same time, the separation of Chinese philosophy and science restricts the cultivation and development of scientific spirit to some extent, and the loss of scientific spirit and academic freedom leads to the lack of scientific information. The ascetic ideology of "keeping heavenly principles and eliminating human desires" restricted people's pursuit of beautiful things and exploration of the objective world, and the spiritual shackles of "honoring Confucius and reading the scriptures, and obtaining a job through the eight stocks" stifled people's creative thinking. Multiplicity of influences: In ancient China, there was technology, but no science. The development of science and technology in ancient China was world-leading for quite some time. To sum up, the science and technology in ancient China made us proud of the achievements, but most of them were technical achievements, which were some technical improvements made by people's experience in the long-term production practice, and many famous inventions and creations came directly from the experience summarized in the production practice, and didn't study the theoretical things in depth, which was more utilitarian, and didn't have the tendency to separate the natural sciences into different disciplines in detail.