Teaching design of residential architecture with its own characteristics

Reading aloud is the most frequent and important reading training, and it is also the basic way to understand the content of the text, experience thoughts and feelings and cultivate a sense of language. The following is the teaching design of residential buildings with different characteristics that I have collected. Welcome to read the reference!

Teaching design of residential buildings with different characteristics 1 teaching material analysis

China folk houses have an ancient and unique charm, which is a precious heritage of Chinese civilization and embodies the wisdom of the nation and profound cultural heritage. This article is an expository article about local dwellings in China, introducing Hakka dwellings and Dai bamboo houses with distinctive features. The language is concise, accurate, plain and vivid, which is the common feature of the two short passages in this paper. The author uses examples, figures, comparisons and metaphors to explain the characteristics of Hakka folk houses and Dai bamboo houses in a popular, vivid and accurate way, which is more knowledgeable, scientific and interesting.

Design intent

This article is an expository one. The Chinese curriculum standard points out in the reading goal part of senior primary school: "Read the explanatory text and understand the basic explanation method of the article". The sixth-grade students also have higher autonomous learning ability. In teaching, the key point is to guide students to apply the reading methods they have learned in the past six years to reading and understanding. According to Yu Yingchao's plate teaching thought, the teaching design is divided into three plates: first reading, understanding the text content-rereading, understanding the characteristics of folk houses-learning, and understanding the explanation method.

learning target

1. Read it and remember the words "harmony, heat and surge".

2. Read the text silently, understand the distinctive features of Hakka folk houses and Dai bamboo houses, and experience the rich cultural connotation of traditional folk houses in China.

3. Learn the accurate description and vivid description of words, accumulate language and understand expression methods.

4. Learn the reading method of comparative reading.

Emphasis and difficulty in teaching

Understand the characteristics of Hakka folk houses and Dai bamboo houses, and learn the explanation methods of figures, metaphors and examples.

Preparation before class

1. Photos of Tulou and Zhulou

2. A set of photos of China residential stamps.

Teaching time

One class hour

teaching process

First, the tutorial (3 minutes)

1. Show me a set of stamps of folk houses and tell me which folk houses you know.

2. Brief Introduction of Folk Houses: Folk Houses are the earliest architectural types, and they are the customary names for folk houses in the architectural history of China. As a kind of residence, folk houses occupy an extremely important position in people's daily life buildings. The residential buildings in China were created by the working people with their hard-working and intelligent hands in the long years of adapting and transforming nature for thousands of years. Due to the vast territory of China, different geographical conditions in different regions, different styles and traditions of 56 ethnic groups, different production and life, and different building materials, the residential buildings in China are colorful and creative. Today we will meet two of them. (blackboard writing topic)

Second, teaching.

Part I: Read for the first time and understand the content of the text (7 minutes)

1. Read the text freely, correctly and fluently, and underline the words you don't understand.

2. First use reference books or contact context to solve the words you don't understand, and then communicate at the same table.

3. Read the text silently and think: What are the characteristics of Hakka dwellings and Dai bamboo buildings?

4. Make a preliminary exchange of reading feelings and describe the impression they left on you in one word.

Finishing: Hakka dwellings-wonderful world dwellings, Dai bamboo houses-green houses.

Section 2: Read again and experience the characteristics of folk houses (14 minutes)

1. Divide the class into group A and group B, and study Hakka dwellings and Dai bamboo buildings respectively. Think about the causes of architecture, building materials, shape and structure, and cultural connotation. Why are Hakka dwellings known as "the wonders of the world's dwellings"? What's the difference between Dai bamboo houses?

2. Read the text silently and think while reading; After reading, you can use methods such as enumerating, marking the main words in the text, marking feelings, and sketching.

3. Collective communication, feel the characteristics of folk houses.

Exchange the characteristics of "Hakka folk houses";

(1) The representative of Group A introduced the characteristics of "Hakka Folk Houses", and other members added.

② Members of Group B questioned the introduction of Group A, and members of Group A answered questions.

Exchange the characteristics of "Dai bamboo house";

① Representatives of Group B introduce the characteristics of Hakka dwellings, and other members supplement them.

② Members of group A questioned the introduction of group B, and members of group B answered questions.

Section 3: Reading Comprehension Explanations (1 1 min)

1. Read the text silently and think: What explanation methods did the author use when introducing the characteristics of folk houses?

2. Collective communication, requirements: talk about the explanation methods given in the article and talk about the benefits of writing like this.

The main interpretation methods are as follows:

① Figures: "... rammed earth building, wall thickness 1m, height 15m. "(tangible)

② For example: "Most of them are three to six floors, 100 to 200 houses are arranged in orange petals, with even layout and magnificent momentum." (intuitive image)

(3) Quoting information: "According to traditional customs, we must first choose a good place and lay a good foundation ..." (rich and specific)

(4) For example: "For example, the front doors of many houses are engraved with such couplets:' Inheriting the ancestors' Deloitte's frugality' and enlightening future generations' reading and ploughing', which shows the ancestors' desire for future generations to live in harmony and manage their families diligently" (authentic).

Third, the class is over (5 minutes)

1. Are there any similarities or differences in expression between these two essays?

2. Choose a residential stamp that you are interested in, look up relevant information on the Internet, understand the causes, architectural features, communication value and related historical legends and folk stories of residential buildings, and write an explanatory essay.

blackboard-writing design

Folk houses with their own characteristics

Hakka dwellings Dai Zhu Jia Lou

Wonderful work of the world's folk houses

Teaching reflection

Skimming is a practical opportunity for students to read independently, and personal independent reading and cooperative communication are important ways of skimming. In the teaching of this course, teachers pay attention to guiding students to obtain information through autonomous reading and cultivating students' autonomous reading ability.

At the same time, skimming the text as a bridge between in-class and out-of-class reading, under the guidance of teachers, let students try to use intensive reading to read independently, and expand it to extracurricular appropriately, so as to realize the teaching concept of "big Chinese".

Instructional Design of Dwellings with Different Characteristics (2) Learning Objectives

1, learn and accumulate words such as "wonderful, safe and harmonious".

2. Read the text with emotion to understand the characteristics of Hakka dwellings and Dai bamboo houses.

3, learn to grasp the characteristics of things to describe the method of explanation.

Teaching focuses on understanding the characteristics of Hakka dwellings and Dai bamboo buildings, and learning the explanation methods of figures, metaphors and examples.

Course arrangement 1 class hour.

Prepare teaching courseware about local houses.

teaching process

First, the introduction of new courses.

Our motherland is vast in territory and abundant in resources, and "a hundred miles of different winds and a thousand miles of different customs". In terms of artistic form, flowers are in full bloom and have their own characteristics in folk houses. Look at the picture and guess where this place is. (Play courseware: Shanghai Shikumen, Tibetan dwellings, Hakka dwellings, Dai bamboo houses, etc. ) These various houses are really dazzling. In this lesson, we will go into Hakka dwellings and Dai bamboo houses to visit and appreciate.

(Write the title on the blackboard and read the title together. )

Second, the preliminary reading of the text, the overall perception

1, read the text freely, correctly and fluently, and underline the words you don't understand.

2, first use reference books or contact context to solve the words you don't understand, and then communicate at the same table.

3. Read the text again, and read the places that you can't read smoothly and don't understand several times.

4. Read the text silently and think: What are the characteristics of Hakka dwellings and Dai bamboo buildings?

5, preliminary exchange reading feelings, and describe the impression they left on you in one sentence.

Finishing: Hakka dwellings-wonderful world dwellings, Dai bamboo houses-green houses.

Third, understand the characteristics of folk houses.

Read the text again, draw a picture, approve a batch and experience the characteristics of folk houses. Give students enough time to read books since the enlightenment, seriously talk about the text, sort out the characteristics of folk houses and experience the cultural connotation. You can also form a study group for cooperative learning according to the selected content. For example, it is divided into Hakka Wai House Group and Dai Jiazhulou Group, which are read and discussed in groups first, and then exchanged and supplemented with each other.

1. Read the text silently and draw the relevant sentences in the text according to the table requirements.

2. After completing the blank, communicate with the team members. * * * Fill in the blanks with the completed form:

3. Communicate with the whole class to understand the characteristics of Hakka dwellings.

Fourth, the characteristics of deep reading and exploration, perception and expression.

Study the text and understand the explanation method. Thirdly, guide students to read the text carefully, grasp the characteristics of folk houses, and think while reading: how do the text introduce these characteristics clearly? Let the students find out the explanation methods used, read the discussion and realize the effect of expression.

1, free to read the Hakka folk houses, think about which paragraph is written around which paragraph?

Draw the center section: the first natural section. )

2. Read the second paragraph. What is the "wonder" of Hakka dwellings? Say their names and complement each other.

(the material is very strange; Strange shape; Extremely powerful. )

3. What methods does the author use to explain the characteristics of folk houses and what are the benefits?

(List figures-through the specific figures of 1 meter thickness, 15 meter height, three to six floors, more than one hundred to two hundred rooms, two or three hundred years or even five or six hundred years, people can accurately understand the basic characteristics of Hakka dwellings; For example, the houses are arranged in orange petals, vividly writing the unique shape of folk houses. )

4. Discuss at the same table and draw a bird's eye view of Hakka dwellings with reference to the illustrations in the text.

The teacher shows the gossip and lets the students compare. )

5. What traditional cultures of China are embodied in Hakka dwellings?

Diligent housekeeping, harmony, equality and mutual assistance. )

Sixth, look at the Dai bamboo house by yourself.

1. Design a table to understand the characteristics of Dai bamboo houses.

2. Use the following methods to create situations and introduce Dai bamboo houses:

Dai bamboo house has become a tourist attraction for its unique architectural form and beautiful scenery. If you are a tour guide, how do you introduce tourists? Please select the contestants from each group and design the guiding words together to participate in the competition. )

3. review.

Seven, extracurricular development, migration and practice writing

1. Show a set of stamps in the "information package" after class and introduce the history: from 1 April 1986 12 to 199 1 April 25, 2008, China issued four sets of residential stamps, namely, 23rd, 25th and 25th. All four sets of stamps are written in shadows. This kind of ordinary residential buildings with different styles is a historical record of China people's struggle for survival and development for five thousand years. It is the immortal wisdom crystallization of the working people in China in the art of residential architecture, and it is also a unique folk-custom cultural landscape that stands on the land of China. The national architecture on the ticket face is vivid in modeling and beautiful in design. In this square inch space, we are presented with a beautiful and colorful residential style in China. Some people rest in the bamboo house at night, some people live on the water, some people ride horses to carry their families, and some people enjoy the most primitive nature in caves.

2. Task:

Choose a residential stamp that you are interested in, look up relevant information on the Internet, understand the causes, architectural characteristics, communication value, related historical legends and folk stories of residential buildings, and write an explanatory essay.

blackboard-writing design

Folk houses with their own characteristics.

Hakka dwellings and Dai bamboo buildings.

The wonderful work of the world's folk houses.

Related links

About Hakkas:

Hakka refers to the Han nationality who originated in the Yellow River valley. They moved south during the Eastern Jin War and began to become a group of residents with "special identity". In the subsequent migration, they gradually formed a unique Hakka family today. The most obvious feature of Hakka people is that they can speak Hakka dialect, which is one of the eight major dialects of the Han nationality.

At present, there are about 45 million Hakkas in the world. There are 40 million people in China and about 5 million people abroad. Former Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew and internationally renowned writer Han are both Hakkas. There are 17 provinces and 185 cities and counties in China. There are more than 20 million Hakkas in Guangdong, accounting for nearly 30% of the province's total population.

Five advantages of Hakka folk houses:

The first is complete economy. Building materials are mainly loess and Chinese fir, which is very economical. Second, the firmness is good. The foundation of the wall is mostly made of stones. The wall body is buried with horizontal braces such as bamboo strips, and the top of the wall is overhanging, which can ensure that the house is not hit by water. The third is wonderful physics. Hot weather can prevent summer heat from entering, and cold weather can isolate the invasion of cold wind, forming a microclimate with cool summer and warm winter in the building. In addition, the thick earth wall also has a hidden function, which keeps the humidity suitable for human body and can naturally release water when the environment is too dry; When the environment is too humid, it can absorb water. This regulation is very beneficial to human health. The fourth is excellent defense. The wall is unusually strong, and there are no windows on the ground floor. Heavy hardwood doors are covered with iron sheets and fixed with bars. There is a fire-proof water tank at the door, and the living facilities in the building, such as wells, granaries and barns, are all available, which is necessary for them to resist the attacks of soldiers, bandits, wild animals and indigenous people. The fifth is unique artistry. This is mainly reflected in the overall shape. From the layout point of view, the circular enclosure is a Taiji diagram.

Beijing Siheyuan:

Beijing quadrangles, as the main architectural form that old Beijingers have lived in for generations, are well-known at home and abroad and all over the world.

This kind of house is surrounded by a main room (north room), an inverted seat (south seat), an east wing and a west wing, forming a mouth shape with a central courtyard inside, so this quadrangle-style house is called a quadrangle.

Siheyuan is a closed house. There is only one street gate to the outside, and the closed door comes from Chengtiandi. In the yard, four houses are facing the yard, and the family is happy inside. Because the yard is spacious, you can plant trees and flowers, feed birds and fish, and pile stones to beautify the environment. Residents not only enjoy comfortable housing, but also share the beautiful world endowed by nature.

The quadrangle in Beijing is famous because it is a residential building, but it contains profound cultural connotation and is the carrier of China traditional culture. The decoration, sculpture and painting of quadrangles reflect the local folk customs and traditional culture, and show people's pursuit of happiness, beauty, prosperity and auspiciousness under specific historical conditions. For example, the pattern composed of bats and longevity characters means "longevity", and the pattern with Chinese rose flowers in the vase means "peace in the four seasons". Auspicious words embedded in the door tube and the door head, couplets pasted on the eaves column, and excellent paintings and calligraphy hung indoors are all ancient teachings collected by ancient sages and philosophers, using ancient and modern famous sentences, or praising the beauty of mountains and rivers. Going to the temple compound is like stepping into the temple of China traditional culture.

Cave dwellings in northern Shaanxi:

Cave dwellings are generally built on a hillside facing south, facing the sun, facing the mountains and facing the open area, with few trees sheltering them. Generally, the caves in the First Hospital are all built with 3 or 5 holes, with the middle kiln as the main kiln, some divided into front and rear kilns and some with three openings. From the outside, the four caves should be separated. If you go inside, you can find that they are all connected by tunnel-type small doors, and the top is semicircular, so the space of the cave will increase. The kiln wall is painted with lime, which looks dazzling, dry and bright. One side of the cave has a cooker, and one end is connected with the kang. Because the flue of the stove fire passes through the bottom of the kang, it is very warm on the kang in winter. On the three walls around the kang, there are usually some patterned papers or collages, which are called Kangwei by people in northern Shaanxi. Kang wai is a practical decoration, which can avoid the direct contact and friction between the bedding on the kang and the rough wall and keep it clean. The cave windows in northern Shaanxi are exquisite, which are divided into four parts: skylight, inclined window, kang window and doors and windows, all of which are decorated with paper cutting. There are window grilles outside the window, which are brightly colored from the outside and bright and comfortable from the inside, thus producing a unique formal beauty of light, color and tone. The panes are sparse and sunlight can penetrate freely.

Tibetan dwellings:

Tibetan folk houses, like other cultural forms in Tibet, also have their own unique personality. Tibetan folk houses are rich and colorful, and the wooden buildings in the bunker in the southern Tibetan valley, the financial office in the pastoral area of northern Tibet and the forest area in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin have their own characteristics. You can even find caves on the Ali Plateau.

The most representative Tibetan folk house is the diaofang. Bunkers are mostly stone and wood structures, with dignified and steady appearance and simple and rough style; The outer wall shrinks upward, and the inner wall is still vertical. Bunkers are generally divided into upper and lower floors, and the number of rooms is calculated by columns. The bottom floor is a barn and a storage room, and the floor height is low; The second floor is the residential floor, and the large suite, bedroom, kitchen and small room are storage rooms or stairwells. If there is a third floor, it will be used as a lecture hall and terrace. The bunker has the characteristics of firmness, tight structure and neat corners, which is not only beneficial to wind and cold protection, but also convenient to prevent the enemy from stealing.

Tents are very different from bunkers, which are a special architectural form adopted by Tibetans in pastoral areas to adapt to the mobile lifestyle of living on weeds. Ordinary financial offices are generally short, square or rectangular in plane, supported by wooden sticks, and the frame is about 2 meters high; Laying black yak carpet, leaving gaps about 15 cm wide and 1.5 m long for ventilation and lighting; Pull it left and right with yak rope and fix it on the ground; Around the inside of the tent, a low wall with a height of about 50 cm is built with grass mud blocks, adobe or pebbles, and highland barley, ghee bags and dried cow dung (for fuel) are piled on it. The tent is simply furnished, with a fire stove in the middle and a Buddha statue behind it, and the ground around it is covered with sheepskin for sitting, lying and resting. The tent has the characteristics of simple structure, easy support, flexible disassembly and easy relocation.