Please introduce the accordion

The accordion is a reed instrument capable of both solo performance and accompaniment, capable of playing not only single-part beautiful melodies, but also multi-part pieces, and even rich harmonies with both hands as on the piano. The accordion has a grand sound, rich timbre changes, and the skillful combination of fingers and bellows can play a variety of different styles of music. In addition to independent performance, can also participate in the repertoire, ensemble, coupled with fixed pitch, easy to learn and understand, small size, easy to carry, so the accordion is very suitable for players of different ages to entertain themselves, but also can be easily carried to the school, the theater to participate in performances.

Accordion playing requires both hands at the same time to participate in, and in the practice of the piano, the fingertips constantly with the keyboard and keys for different speeds, different times of contact, which increases the nerve endings and the brain information transfer opportunities, finger muscle control ability is also correspondingly

higher, over time, the left brain and the right brain's ability to process information will be greatly strengthened, the reaction ability to improve, the fingers are more flexible, regular practice will improve the ability to play, and the left brain will be more flexible. Fingers are more flexible, and regular practice will improve the coordination of both hands and the body. When you read music and play by sight, your concentration will increase accordingly, and when your concentration increases, your memory ability will also increase. In addition, when the instrument emits sound, the ear transmits the sound signal to the brain, and the brain needs to make a quick judgment on whether the sound is correct, whether the volume is appropriate, whether the length of the notes is in accordance with the requirements of the score, etc. Therefore, practicing the accordion also makes the synchronized response of the muscles of the eyes, the brain, the fingers, and the upper limbs become faster, and the speed of the mind is also accelerated. With the deepening of the degree, the ability to express, imagination and expression will be enriched accordingly.

The development and classification of the accordion

The accordion belongs to the category of living reed instruments. It was formed by borrowing the principle of Chinese sheng reed articulation.

In the second half of the 18th century, the Chinese sheng was introduced to Europe, and some predecessors of the accordion began to appear in Europe, but most of them failed to take shape and were eliminated. The real hand-pulled organ was created by the German Friedrdch Buschman (1805-1864) in 1822, and then the Austrian Demian (cyrillus Demian 1772-1847), on the basis of Buschman's organ, set the accordion's Later, the Austrian Demian (cyrillus Demian 1772-1847), based on the Bussmann, combined various predecessor instruments of the accordion, and successfully improved and created the world's first accordion, which was named Accordion. To this day, the Accordion is still used in Europe and the Americas.

There are many types and specifications of accordion, from the structure, form, can be roughly divided into four categories, namely, whole-rank accordion, chromatic accordion, key accordion and keyboard accordion.

The structure of the diatonic accordion is very simple, equivalent to the harmonica increased windchest; the right hand part of the ten or so key knobs for playing tunes, the left hand part of the two chord key knobs as accompaniment; in the same key knobs, push and pull the windchest to send out a different height of the two tones (similar to the harmonica pronunciation); there is no backstrap on the piano, completely relying on both hands to support the piano; the biggest drawback of the diatonic accordion is that it can not be shifted, if you change the key, you need to change another piano. The biggest disadvantage of the diatonic accordion is that it cannot be transposed, so if it changes key, it needs to be played on another instrument.

Chromatic accordion is first of all for the convenience of transposition; the number of key knobs of both left and right hand parts have increased, coupled with the different heights of this instrument to push and pull the sound of the windchest, so this kind of instrument has a wide range of sound; chromatic accordion is also no backstrap, and still rely on the two-handed instrument to play.

The key accordion (also called the new chromatic accordion) is equipped with a back strap, which is a great liberation for both hands; in addition, the height of the sound of the push and pull bellows is the same, which makes the bellows change and the use of a lot of freedom; the number of key knobs on the left hand part of the key accordion has increased greatly and the arrangement of the key knobs is quite scientific, and so it has been used to the present day.

In the sixties of the last century, the keyboard accordion began to appear

Since then, the accordion has been divided into two major categories: the button accordion and the keyboard accordion, which have been developed in parallel. The left hand part of the keyboard accordion has exactly the same structure as the key accordion, except that the right hand part of the keys are changed to a piano style keyboard. Probably because of the piano, this improvement made the accordion the most widely popular European folk instrument in the world.

Through the above changes in several types of accordion structure, one can roughly see several major stages in the development of the accordion. Today, the key accordion is mainly popular in the Soviet Union and some countries in northern Europe, and the keyboard accordion is the most popular in other countries and regions.

Since the creation of the accordion, there have been tremendous and transformative developments in the manufacturing process, playing techniques, and professional musical composition of the accordion. Nowadays, the 185 bass accordion produced by West Germany's Holleray piano factory has become a treasure that the international accordion world has praised, longed for and sought after. Modern accordion can not only serve as accompaniment, soloist, to participate in the repertoire, ensemble, concerto, and can be alone to play the original large-scale musical works of the classical masters of various schools of music. With the continuous improvement of the accordion as an instrument and the rapid development of playing skills, accordion professional music creation has attracted the attention of many composers, and more and more works have been written specifically for the accordion. In short, in more than a hundred years, the accordion from the original embryonic development into such a perfect and exquisite instrument, its development speed is quite amazing, in the history of musical instrument development is also rare.

The accordion is one of the most widely popular musical instruments in the world. In contemporary times, the accordion not only in the professional music world, but also in the public music and cultural life occupies an extremely important position. As early as 1931, an accordion school was established in Trossingen, Germany. In 1948 the school was transformed into the State Accordion Academy. In the United Kingdom, the accordion as the development of music education as an important and indispensable tool. In 1936, the British College of Accordionists was established, which made an important contribution to the development of the British music industry, and at the same time made the United Kingdom one of the countries with the most prosperous accordion music creation and the richest documentation. Now the international music organization has built the International Accordion Association, and often hold international accordion competitions. In the west some famous music school have established accordion department, in some common university, also has accordion major.

In the history of the world accordion, the development path of the Soviet accordion art is noteworthy. As we all know, the accordion in the Soviet Union has long been a veritable Russian folk instrument. As early as the middle of the last century, i.e. not long after the accordion had just been born, the fledgling instrument spread to ancient Russia. The Russians showed their love for this imperfect instrument in a special way, by creating a wave of improvement and reconstruction of the accordion. All over Russia, there appeared at the same time a wide variety of rebranded accordions, Italian accordions, German accordions, multi-keyed accordions, double-rowed accordions, modified accordions, and so on. All of this may seem a bit overzealous today, but it is probably the reason why the accordion has become the quintessential Russian folk instrument. Nowadays, the USSR is able to produce soprano, alto, tenor, bass, and double-bass accordions exclusively for accordion bands, as well as accordions exclusively for orchestras, and accordions with special tones for tubas, tuba, bass tuba, horn, trumpet, and clarinet. The range of the largest model of modern Soviet-produced key-knob accordion, from the E1 note in the large-letter group to the f 4 in the small-letter group of four, encompasses all seventy-seven chromatic ranks, exceeding six octaves, which is one of the few in the world's musical instrument kingdom today.

The prosperity and development of the art of Russian accordion playing, which is rooted in the living soil of Russian folk music, has also had a positive impact on professional accordion music-making. The great composers Tchaikovsky and Prokofiev used the accordion in large orchestras. Nikolai Tchaikhin wrote a piece of music for the accordion. Tchaikin's sonatas for accordion and accordion concertos with orchestral accompaniment attracted the attention of the international accordion world. At present, the Soviet accordion world, is working tirelessly for the accordion in the orchestra for a fixed seat.

China's accordion art, is in the new China after the founding of the rise and development. From the early fifties to the early seventies, the accordion in our country experienced a long stage of enlightenment, and followed a unique route from the army to the local, from the factory to the school, from the city to the countryside, in our people's masses have been extremely widespread popularization. At the same time, all levels and types of teacher training colleges and part of the music and art colleges and universities also gradually opened the accordion compulsory courses, elective courses and major courses. In the late seventies, China's accordion education and performance art had a greater development. Accordion academic exchanges at home and abroad are increasing, and the professional accordion playing team and teaching team are growing. Especially in 1981, the Chinese Music Association, Beijing, the establishment of accordion professional group, 1983 National Music and Arts College accordion academic conference, 1984 National Higher Teachers College Accordion Society was established in 1989, the establishment of the National Accordion Society marks China's accordion performance art has entered a new stage, for the prosperity of accordion art and development of the foundation has been laid a good foundation.

With the prosperity of accordion art, China's accordion manufacturing process has also been greatly developed from scratch, from small to large. Tianjin, Shanghai, Yingkou three accordion factory has become an important foundation for accordion production in China. Among them, tianjin accordion factory and shanghai accordion factory have successfully developed with contemporary international advanced level of free bass senior performance accordion, respectively won the national gold medal and silver medal.

However, compared with the western countries, our accordion art is still too young, compared with the world's advanced level, we still have a certain gap in the accordion basic theoretical research we are still a blank, professional accordion music creation has just started, the higher accordion professional teaching system has not yet been formed, a complete and systematic construction of teaching materials is an urgent problem to be solved.

We believe that in our country the majority of accordion professional workers and enthusiasts continue to cooperate under the efforts of the accordion with Chinese national style characteristics of the accordion art flower, will be in our socialist garden, open more fragrant and beautiful, accordion has the role of the accordion, but also in the development of our country's music industry, to carry out mass cultural and recreational activities and to strengthen the construction of socialist spiritual civilization. Get the full play.

Accordion basic playing skills

A, no visual touch needs.

It is well known that the direction of the keyboard plane of other keyboard instruments is upwards. In playing, the accuracy and reliability of key touch is provided by two types of human touch: the first is the visual touch, and the second is the finger touch. The keyboard plane and key plane of the accordion is different, it is backward to the player and outward, and it is generally required not to look at the keys, so the accuracy and reliability of the performance can only be provided by a sense of touch, that is, the finger sense of touch. This limited accuracy and reliability requires us to be close to the keys in order to improve the lack of touch provided by the human body in accordion playing. We know that many of the world's creatures have a poor or no sense of visual touch, but the exceptional sensitivity of their other organs compensates for this inborn deficiency. For example, the sense of smell in the nose, the sensitivity of the tentacles, the guidance of the sonar, and so on. Accordion playing on the keys actually enhances the sensitivity of the finger tips.

Two, the need for the influence of the gravitational bias of the ground.

When we touch the keys on other keyboard instruments, the force on the fingers is exactly in the same direction as the gravitational force of the ground, which does not have a biasing effect on the fingers. When we touch the keys on an accordion, the finger force and the ground's gravitational force are perpendicular to each other, so the ground's gravitational force has a biasing effect on the fingers. Of course. Overcome this bias influence, mainly by the arm strength of self-regulation. But if you play against the keys, the friction between the fingers and the keyboard can also play a certain role in counteracting the influence of the ground gravity bias. Improve the accuracy and reliability of accordion key touch.

Third, the need to reduce the amplitude of the action.

The accordion structure determines the strength of its volume is not controlled by the strength of the right hand keys, but by the left hand bellows. Therefore, any substantial finger movements are meaningless for volume control. Besides, the hardness of the accordion keyboard is only slightly harder than that of the electronic keyboard compared to other keyboard instruments, so it is not necessary to press the keys with great strength. Moreover, the style of accordion playing should be light and gorgeous, and should not have a sense of bulk. If we play close to the keys, our fingers are the closest to the keyboard, and we can press the keys with a small movement. In this way, we can remove the unnecessary movements that affect the accuracy and reliability, and easily make the accordion sound effect with a light and magnificent feeling.