What kind of career is logistics management

Logistics refers to the time and space changes that occur in the process of production, circulation and service of commodities, and through logistics activities, it can create the time value and place value of material materials, and complete the allocation of resources in the most effective way. Modern logistics has become a computer technology, network communication technology, electromechanical control technology, management, economics and other comprehensive research applications, and has become the enterprise's "third source of profit.

Zhejiang Gongshang University Logistics Management undergraduate training mode will rely on the College of Computer and Information Engineering, College of Business Administration, College of Economics, College of Statistics and Computing Science and other departments of the strong faculty strength and results of the advantages of the cultivation of modern logistics information technology and logistics information systems management of the knowledge of the senior specialists. The students of this major mainly study the basic theory and basic knowledge in logistics information management, apply the theory and methods of logistics information management, and carry out the basic training of analyzing and solving practical problems, and the students are required to have the preliminary ability of developing and designing the actual logistics information management system after graduation.

The main courses are: operations research and application, computer network and communication, marketing, production operation management, introduction to e-commerce, introduction to logistics, supply chain management, distribution and distribution center, enterprise logistics management, international logistics, logistics technology and logistics equipment, geographic information system and application, logistics system analysis and design, logistics system planning, network-based logistics information system. .

After graduation, students can be engaged in logistics management in the production, operation, service, planning, technical reform, quality and other departments of industrial and commercial enterprises, mainly based on the commercial and economic management departments, large and medium-sized industrial and commercial enterprises (including foreign-funded joint ventures), engaged in the analysis and optimization of logistics management programs, logistics management system design and planning, logistics management information system analysis and design, research and development of new technologies in logistics management. Research and development of new logistics management technology.

Logistics management science is a new discipline emerging in foreign countries in the last decade or two, it is a new important branch of management science. With the improvement of production technology and management technology, competition between enterprises is becoming increasingly fierce, people gradually found that enterprises in the reduction of production costs in the competition seems to have come to an end, the quality of the product is only a good or bad enterprise can enter the market to participate in the competition of the knocking brick. At this time, the focus of competition began to shift from the production field to the non-production field, to the past those scattered, isolated, is regarded as an auxiliary link and is not attached importance to, such as transportation, storage, packaging, loading and unloading, circulation and processing and other logistics activities in the field. People began to study how to reduce logistics costs in these areas, improve the quality of service, to create a "third source of profit". Since then, logistics management has been separated from the traditional production and sales activities of enterprises, and has become an independent field of study and scope of the discipline. The birth of logistics management science makes the original economic activities in the hidden state of the logistics system to appear, it reveals the logistics activities of the various aspects of the intrinsic link between its development and improvement, is a modern enterprise in the market competition in the winning magic weapon.

In the western countries, caused by the continuous development and improvement of modern logistics management science, there are several direct technical, economic and policy reasons: (1) as products tend to be more and more multi-species, small batch production, the diversity of products and small batch decided to distribution of the complexity of; (2) manufacturing and marketing industry, JIT, rapid response, continuous replenishment and other technologies used to introduce a time as the basic conditions of logistics services, requiring people to achieve strict control and coordination between inventory, transportation and production, sales, so that inventory can be reduced to a minimum, to change the traditional dependence on the safety stock of the logistics strategy; (3) the development of computer technology and information technology, a strong impetus to the development of modern logistics. Logistics management is highly dependent on the analysis and processing of large amounts of data and information. The development and commercialization of computer technology and network technology provide the logistics system with a supportive processing function for analyzing problems, dealing with affairs, evaluation and decision-making. Bar code technology, EDI, satellite communications technology and other information technology in logistics operations are widely used, greatly improving the level of logistics services and transparency of the logistics process; (4) developed countries in the field of transportation, widely adopted "deregulation" policy, so that the competition in the transport market has never been more intense to customer service as the center of the endless stream of logistics innovation.

In addition to the above reasons, into the 1990s, the enterprise's external market environment has undergone great changes, such as the surge in customer service, time to become the focus of management, as well as the trend of globalization of the economy, forcing enterprises to pay more and more attention to logistics management. Due to the increasingly fierce competition in the market, people find that by reducing costs in the production process to obtain a competitive advantage of the space has been very limited, therefore, enterprises began to seek cost advantages and service differentiation advantage of the eyes to the production of before and after the extension of the logistics field, and began to implement the whole process of quality management in this field. It can be said that, from a worldwide perspective, in today's business enterprises face many strategic issues, one of the most challenging areas is logistics management.

The content of logistics management includes three aspects: that is, the management of the elements of logistics activities, including transportation, storage and other aspects of the management; the management of the elements of the logistics system, that is, the management of the six elements of which are people, money, materials, equipment, methods and information; the management of logistics activities in the management of the specific functions, including logistics planning, quality, technology, economic and other functions of the management and so on.

The implementation of logistics management is to achieve the lowest possible total cost of the conditions of the established level of customer service, i.e., to seek service advantages and cost advantages of a dynamic balance, and thus create a strategic advantage in the competition. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is the right product in the right quantity and the right price at the right time and the right place to provide customers.

Logistics management emphasizes the use of a systems approach to problem solving. Modern logistics is usually considered by the transportation, storage, packaging, loading and unloading, circulation processing, distribution and information links. Each link originally had its own functions, interests and concepts. The system approach is to use modern management methods and modern technology, so that each link **** to enjoy the overall information, all links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, to provide a competitive advantage of customer service. The systems approach assumes that the benefits of the system are not simply the sum of the benefits of their individual localized segments. The systems approach implies that the full range of influencing factors should be analyzed and evaluated for a particular aspect of the problem that arises. From this idea, the logistics system does not simply pursue the lowest cost in each of their respective links, because there is a tendency of mutual influence and constraints between the benefits of the various links of logistics, and there is an alternating perishable relationship. For example, over-emphasis on savings in packaging materials may result in rising transportation and handling costs due to their vulnerability to breakage. Therefore, the systems approach emphasizes the need for total cost analysis, as well as the avoidance of suboptimal effects and the application of cost trade-offs in order to achieve the lowest total cost, while meeting the established level of customer service purposes.

The development of logistics management has gone through 3 levels: distribution management, logistics management and supply chain management. Logistics management originated from the storage and transportation models and techniques developed by the military in World War II to deliver supplies and equipment. After the war, these technologies were widely used in industry, and greatly improved the operational efficiency of enterprises, for enterprises to win more customers. At that time, logistics management was mainly aimed at the distribution part of the enterprise, that is, after the production of finished products, how to quickly and efficiently through the distribution center to deliver products to customers, and maintain the lowest possible inventory. The American Society of Logistics Management (ASLM) was then called the Physical Distribution Management Association (PDMA), while the Canadian Supply Chain and Logistics Management Association (CSLMA) was called the Canadian Physical Distribution Management Association (CPDMA). In this primary stage, logistics management is only in the established number of finished products produced, passively to meet customer demand, the product will be shipped to the customer's designated location, and in the field of transportation to achieve optimal use of resources, reasonable settings of the distribution center of the amount of inventory. Accurately speaking, this stage of logistics management did not really appear, there are only transportation management, warehouse management and inventory management. Logistics manager's position did not exist at that time, there are only transportation manager or warehouse manager.

The modern sense of logistics management appeared in the 1980s. It was found that a cross-functional process management approach to observing, analyzing, and solving problems in business operations was very effective. By analyzing the entire flow of materials from raw materials to the factory, through each workstation on the production line, to the output of finished goods, and then transported to the distribution center, and finally delivered to the customer, the enterprise can eliminate a lot of seemingly high efficiency, but in fact reduces the overall efficiency of the local optimization behavior. Because each function is trying to utilize its capacity as much as possible, leaving no surplus, once the demand increases, it becomes a bottleneck everywhere, leading to the disruption of the entire process. Another example is the Transportation Department as an independent function, always trying to find ways to reduce its transportation costs, but if it is therefore an order that must be accelerated delivery of sea freight rather than air, which saves freight costs, but lost customers, resulting in an overall loss. So the traditional vertical function management has not adapted to the modern large-scale industrialized production, while the horizontal logistics management can be integrated management of each process on the different functions, in order to achieve the overall optimization of the synergies.

At this stage, the scope of logistics management extends to demand forecasting, procurement, production planning, inventory management, distribution and customer service in addition to transportation, in order to systematically manage the operation of the enterprise to achieve the maximization of the overall efficiency. The book "The Goal" written by Goldratt is popular in the global manufacturing industry, and its essence is to manage production from the perspective of the production process. Accordingly, the American Physical Distribution Management Association was renamed the American Society of Logistics Management in the mid-1980s, while the Canadian Physical Distribution Management Association was renamed the Canadian Society of Logistics Management in 1992.

A typical manufacturing enterprise, its demand forecasting, raw material procurement and transportation is usually called inward logistics, the circulation of raw materials between processes within the factory is called production logistics, and distribution and customer service is called outward logistics. The key to logistics management is to systematically manage the entire process from raw materials, work in progress to finished products to ensure that the lowest inventory conditions, materials are bought, shipped, processed, shipped and delivered to the hands of customers. For the shareholders of an enterprise with efficient logistics management, this means making the biggest business with the least capital and generating the biggest return on investment.

In the 1990s, with the process of global integration, the division of labor is increasingly refined. Major manufacturing companies have outsourced parts production, transferring low-tech, labor-intensive parts to countries with the cheapest labor to produce. To the United States of America's General Motors, Ford, Daimler - Chrysler three major car manufacturers, for example, a car of thousands of parts may be produced from a dozen different countries, hundreds of different suppliers. Such a production model to the logistics management has put forward a new topic: how to maintain a minimum inventory under the premise of ensuring that all parts can be on time, according to quality, according to quantity, at the lowest cost supply to the assembly plant, and the finished car will be shipped to each distributor. This is far beyond the scope of management of a single enterprise, it requires the establishment of close partnerships with suppliers and distributors at all levels, *** enjoy information, precise cooperation, integration of key business processes across the supply chain of enterprises in order to ensure the smooth flow of the entire process. Only the implementation of effective supply chain management, in order to achieve the same supply chain between enterprises to maximize synergies. Market competition has transformed from competition between enterprises to competition between supply chain and supply chain.

In this context, the Canadian Logistics Management Association (CLMA) changed its name to the Canadian Supply Chain and Logistics Management Association (CSLMA) in 2000 to reflect the changes and developments in the industry. The American Society of Logistics Management has tried to expand the concept of logistics management to express the concept of supply chain management, and finally, due to opposition from many parties, had to revise the concept of logistics management, recognizing that logistics management is part of supply chain management.