What is the status of women in Water Margin? Are there any examples?

The women in the Water Margin are positioned like this: most beautiful women are lascivious, and even chaste beautiful women are a disaster for women.

In Water Margin, the author writes the most, describes the best and impresses the most, or is a prostitute who is quite beautiful but easy virtue; Either a man and a woman kill like horses, but they have no feminine characteristics; Or a chess piece, a life symbol of props. 1 The Water Margin, a prostitute in easy virtue, is represented by Pan Jinlian, Pan Qiaoyun and Yan Poxi. They are charming and beautiful, but they are easy virtue, stealing from others and harming their husbands. The first prostitute in this article is Yan Poxi, Song Jiang's outer room. Yan Poxi lives on the streets with his parents and sings for a living. After his father died of illness, he had no money for burial. Song Jiang helped to send it and gave the mother-in-law and daughter some money. Later, Yan Poxi married Song Jiang and lived a life of food and clothing, but she was not only ungrateful, but also hooked up with Song Jiang's colleague Zhang Wenyuan, and threatened Song Jiang with the correspondence between Song Jiang and Classical as evidence. So, there was a scene in which Song Jiang angered and killed Yan Poxi. According to the author, Yan Poxi is an ungrateful "slut" who should be killed. Pan Jinlian, who killed her husband for adultery, is the most famous prostitute in the article. The author's Pan Jinlian is very beautiful. After she was forced to marry Wu Dalang, who was less than five feet tall and ugly, and was "three points like a man and seven points like a ghost", she was very upset. When Pan Jinlian met his brother-in-law Song Wu, who was eight feet long and handsome, he was immediately attracted by his heroic spirit. He not only treated Song Wu tenderly and tenderly, but also made many verbal overtures, and was finally reprimanded by Song Wu as an "inhuman pig and dog". Song Wu failed to seduce, and Pan Jinlian finally hit it off with the romantic Ximen Qing. They hooked up and poisoned Wu Dalang, which led Song Wu to kill the adulterer and avenge his brother. Pan Jinlian described by the author is a vicious woman who killed her husband and should be killed. Pan Qiaoyun, who had an affair with a monk, was another prostitute in Water Margin. She is the daughter of a butcher. After her husband died, she married Yang Xiong and became a widow. However, after their marriage, Pan Qiaoyun and the monk Pei Ruhai flirted with each other and secretly slept in their own house. When this incident was discovered by Yang Xiong's sworn brother Shi Xiu, Pan Qiaoyun falsely accused Shi Xiu of trying to molest himself in front of Yang Xiong, which aroused Yang Xiong's suspicion and dissatisfaction with Shi Xiu. In a rage, Shi Xiu killed Pei Ruhai, the concubine of Pan Qiaoyun. Yang Xiong killed Pan Qiaoyun after confirming the affair between Pan Qiaoyun and Pei Ruhai. Pan Qiaoyun described by the author is an evil woman who deviates from brotherhood and should be killed. Sun Erniang, the hag, and Gu Dasao, the female blade, are the representatives of the killers. They are generous, martial arts, chivalrous and courageous, but they are grumpy and vulgar, so they are called men and women. Although they are all positive figures praised by the author, their loud nicknames and rude personality are frightening and daunting. "Bitch" Sun Erniang is the hostess of Cross Slope Hotel, and she looks "fierce, fierce"; Its costume is "the witch's arm in the golden cage, and the red shirt reflects the hag essence"; Her occupation is selling human flesh buns, and countless past guests have been killed by her and made into buns. Gu Dasao, the female worm, is also a "tigress" full of murderous look, with "heavy eyebrows and big eyes, fat face and fat waist" in appearance; His character is "sometimes when he is angry, he will hit his husband on the head when he mentions the mine field;" He was suddenly upset and knocked the guest's leg with a stone cone. "In addition to her tough appearance and impatient and rude personality, the author also focuses on her image of men and women who kill people without blinking an eye. In Song Gongming Sanda Zhujiazhuang, "Gu Dasao pulled out two knives and went straight into the room, killing all the girls one by one". It can be seen that Sun Erniang and Gu Dasao described by the author are far from women's life and habits in terms of appearance, personality and occupation, and they are women who are denied gender. 3 Hold up the symbol of life This kind of women is represented by Lin Chong's wife, Li Shishi, a famous prostitute in Beijing. Although they are as beautiful as flowers and as gentle as water, they are only life symbol props that set off men's heroic qualities and promote the development of stories. Lin Chong's wife is beautiful and gentle, and she is the best woman in her works. Lin Chong, the head coach of Tokyo's 800,000 imperial army, has a good social status, a good salary and a beautiful and virtuous wife, which can be described as family happiness and contentment. However, just because this beautiful lady was attracted by the villain Gao Yanei, the Lins met with unexpected troubles. Lin Chong was framed for assassination and stabbed to death with Cangzhou. Later, Lin Niangzi was robbed by Gao Yanei and hanged herself to protect her innocence. As can be seen from the article, Mrs. Lin's death seems to be deliberately arranged by the author, and she will die. Only when she is dead can Lin Chong embark on the road of rebellion without hesitation or abandonment. From this perspective, Lin Niangzi is just a pawn to help Lin Chong go to Liangshan. She is just a prop symbol to set off Lin Chong's heroic image. Li Shishi is also a rare good woman in this article. Despite the emperor's favor, it did not change her humble position as a prostitute. For Li Shishi, what really touched her heart was the Liangshan hero Yan Qing. Li Shishi took good care of Yan Qing, which not only helped him successfully complete the mission entrusted by Song Jiang, but also won him a pardon. But Li Shishi is still a prop symbol of life in the author's pen: after helping Yan Qing complete her mission, she is hardly mentioned in the text, and she seems to have been forgotten; Finally, after the death of Song Jiang, she was mentioned lightly. From this point of view, the existence of Li Shishi, on the one hand, sets off the heroic qualities of Yan Qing, on the other hand, it also completes the political mission of bridging the bridge for Song Jiang's peace. Li's Water Margin is a classic with far-reaching influence, but from the perspective of male chauvinism, the status of women in the work is extremely humble. They are either prostitutes under the sword of heroes, men and women who kill without blinking an eye, or props of life symbols. The reason why the author belittles women in this way is inseparable from her backward view of women and narrow view of heroes, and it is also caused by the one-sidedness of heroic historical theme creation at that time. Key words: The humble women's heroic view in Water Margin is one-sided. Chinese classification number: I206.2 Document ID: A humble woman from the perspective of male chauvinism —— An analysis of the status and causes of women in Water Margin. 124 is a magazine for new explorers of classical literature. The writer's magazine 20 10 No.7 is an analysis of two reasons. Influenced by the cultural tradition that men are superior to women, many theories and literary works of later generations have adopted a male-dominated perspective and even language, which is recognized and accepted by most people consciously or unconsciously. The reason why Water Margin belittles women so much is related to the author's backward view of women, which reflects the limitations of the author's view of heroes and is also caused by the one-sidedness of historical theme creation at that time. 1 The backward Confucian culture with female view is isomorphic with the state, and it is essentially a patriarchal culture. The word "female" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions is like a person kneeling with his hands crossed on his chest. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the word "Fu" is written like this: the broom is on the upper left, and the kneeling woman is on the upper right. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" said, "Fu, she is also dressed, sweeping from a' woman' with a broom"; In other words, a woman who kneels and sweeps the floor with a broom is a "woman." The Book of Rites records that "women obey", which means giving in to others. Subsequently, with the further strengthening of "three obedience and four virtues" and "three cardinal guides and five permanents", the shackles on women became stronger and stronger. Cheng Yi, a great scholar in the Song Dynasty, put forward that "starvation is extremely small, and dishonour is extremely great", which was widely spread after being advocated by Zhu Dali, and the bondage of women was promoted to a new height. Women's desires, women's emotional psychology and even women's lives are not paid attention to at all in such a male-dominated power society. This idea that men are superior to women has a far-reaching impact on later generations. Shi Naian and Luo Guanzhong, born in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, were inevitably deeply influenced by this thought. Facts have proved that their work "The Water Margin" does show a distinct color of Taoism and Neo-Confucianism when dealing with female characters, reflecting a backward view of women, that is, the theory that "women are disasters". Under the influence of this backward view of women, Water Margin regards women, especially beautiful women, as the bane of heroes of all walks of life. Bite the hand that feeds you, framing Liu Zhizhai's wife in Qingfeng Village of Sung River is the main reason why Huarong Road can't become an official. There are also Jiang and others who have become an outlaw because of women. Yan Poxi, Pan Jinlian, Pan Qiaoyun and other fickle and frivolous women are all "disaster" women. It is these "femme fatale" that make the hero "difficult to run home, difficult to vote for the country" and have to "become an outlaw". Finally, the author made these "femmes fatales" severely punished and brutally killed, from which we can see that the author's harm to women is abhorrent. "The Water Margin" is a book that loves to write about women's sexual harm, "Zhang Henshui said in The Water Margin. The limitation of hero view is influenced by traditional Confucian culture, and the author's hero view also has obvious narrowness and limitations. As for male characters, the author thinks that being a hero should not be close to women, because women will destroy brotherhood. As a marginal group banned by the imperial court, Liangshan must resort to the special spiritual bond of "friendship" if it wants to survive and develop, which requires men to share weal and woe. Because of its natural exclusiveness, sex has become the most dangerous disintegration force of this kind of "brotherhood", so "heroes are not lascivious" has become the general principle that Liangshan heroes consciously believe in. It seems that only one "short-legged tiger" Wang Ying is very interested in women, so he is laughed at and teased by everyone. Others seem to have no concept of women in their lives. Under the control of this concept that "heroes are not lewd", the heroes in the author's works only care about guns and sticks, "only care about the past hard work, not women." Therefore, Yan Poxi has a crush on Zhang Wenyuan of Sung River in terms of economic income and social status, because Zhang Wenyuan is "romantic and natural" and "good at bamboo and silk, doing everything", while Song Jiang is a "hero, who only likes to learn to use guns and sticks, but doesn't pay much attention to women"; Therefore, although Pan Qiaoyun's husband, Yang Xiong, is a hero with "good figure" and "good martial arts", he "spends 20 days in prison a month", which makes Pan Qiaoyun seldom enjoy the pleasure of sex, so he follows an unidentified monk, Pei Ruhai. In the author's eyes, a hero should not be close to a woman, while a heroine should be as strong as a man, and speak and act like a man in order to show her true colors. As a result, the heroine of Water Margin is not cute at all. They are male chauvinist and become Liangshan "heroes" who dance with guns and stick, burn and rob like men, call each other brothers and lose their female gender. Jin Shengtan commented that Sun Erniang said, "If you encounter osmanthus"; He commented on the female worm Gu Dasao and said, "It can also be called a female whirlwind, which really means the same thing as jy in Li Kui." . "If we kill the feminine beauty endowed by nature and the flexible and gentle nature of women, it is equivalent to killing our lives." The images of Sun Erniang and Gu Dasao are undoubtedly an insult to women's spirit. Li Ling, an associate professor in beijing language and culture university, also said that the uglification of shrews and adulterers in literary creation is often based on male's single gender prejudice, denying women's reasonable life value and reasonable life pursuit. 3 One-sidedness of the theme of historical heroes China's early vernacular novels were dominated by war stories and historical heroes. From the traditional Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism in China, men think that women don't need to participate in state affairs at all, and once women get involved, it will lead to political chaos and national subjugation. Da ji and Cong Si are obvious examples. Therefore, in the feudal society of China, on the social stage of "women are the masters and men are the masters", women have never been separated, and the opposition between men's world and women's world has quietly formed. Men regard women as stumbling blocks in the struggle of wandering the rivers and lakes, chasing dreams, eager to make achievements, or in the heroic behavior of killing people and robbing the rich to help the poor. Because of this, novels with the theme of historical heroes often splash ink on the legend of heroes in the male world. The peasant uprising of thirty-six people, including Song Jiang, in Liangshan, Shui Bo, is the historical basis for the creation of the vernacular novel Water Margin. From the failure of Sung River Uprising to the completion of Water Margin, it happened that Jurchen and Mongolian ancients went south successively. Under the double oppression of the nation and class, the broad masses of the people held high the banner of justice and gathered in the cottage to resist. The heroic deeds of thirty-six people, such as Song Jiang, naturally became the object of people's praise. People long for heroes full of strength, wisdom and courage. They pinned their hopes on these heroes and used them to inspire their fighting spirit. The author of Water Margin was born at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, which coincided with troubled times. He witnessed and experienced the social darkness and various wars at that time, sympathized with the poor people at that time, and revered the peasant heroes who helped the people and rescued them from the quagmire at that time. The author takes advantage of the trend, affirms strength, loyalty and wisdom in his works, and praises heroes. Influenced by the one-sided portrayal of historical heroes at that time, the female characters in the works were unconsciously placed in a humble position. Therefore, in this masculine and murderous man world, women either become props or vassals to set off men, or disappear gender characteristics and become men's women; The power to stay, live and die is in people's hands without exception. In this case, a kind of one-sided characterization of historical heroes has naturally formed.