Organic agriculture is not a return to tradition. What are the "black technologies" of organic agriculture in Germany?

The core of organic agriculture in Germany is to establish and restore the biodiversity and virtuous circle of agricultural ecosystem. In the organic agricultural production system, crop straw, livestock manure, leguminous crops, green manure and organic waste are the main sources of soil fertility, and crop rotation and various physical, biological and ecological measures are the main means to control weeds and pests.

However, this agricultural system does not simply return to traditional agriculture, but fully applies the latest achievements of modern science and technology. The general principle is to create favorable environmental conditions for crop growth and to suppress pests and diseases through various agronomic measures. At the same time, soil nitrogen balance is maintained through planting, animal husbandry and life.

Diagnosis and removal of soil virus

After the war, Germany's agricultural production has been greatly developed, with high crop yield and high water and fertilizer environment, and the "soil disease", that is, the continuous cropping disease of crops, has become more and more serious. In recent years, German plant protection science has separated and identified the corresponding plant toxins from the soil by chemical technology, and cleared these accumulated toxins from the soil to make crops grow healthily. This technology has been widely used in agricultural production, and combined with modern automatic target recognition through image processing technology.

Create a probiotic biological environment

In order to provide a suitable living environment for probiotics, the production technology system of organic agriculture requires the protection of the diversity and continuity of time and space. German agriculture advocates planting a variety of crops in the same area and reserving the growth area of unproductive crops.

Advocate less tillage and protect soil structure; Reduce tillage and mechanical use of soil surface layer, and improve soil structure. This can not only ensure a stable and diverse food supply and rich food, but also enhance the living environment and system stability of probiotics such as insects in the field.

Reasonable rotation, stubble replacement and intercropping

Germany's organic agriculture has accumulated rich experience in crop stubble, crop rotation and intercropping in traditional agriculture. Scientists and farmers have adopted corresponding rotation and intercropping methods to solve the problems of continuous cropping obstacles and stubble of cereals, soybeans, wheat, orchards and vegetables. Intercropping, interplanting and mixed planting of different crops effectively control the harm of pests and diseases and help to control the growth of weeds. Adopt reasonable cultivation techniques, such as increasing mulching, adjusting sowing date and maturity, using stress-resistant varieties, applying botanical pesticides and insect repellents, etc. , can minimize the pests and diseases in agricultural production system.

It is worth mentioning that German agriculture is a highly mechanized industry, and agricultural measures such as intercropping and multiple cropping put forward new requirements for agricultural machinery and operations. According to the commercial spirit of unconditionally satisfying customers' requirements, German agricultural machinery has carried out a variety of matching, thus meeting this requirement. The quality and configuration standards of agricultural machinery in Germany are relatively high, and relevant government agencies inspect agricultural machinery every year to ensure its high performance.

Environmental conditions for controlling the occurrence of pests and diseases

The growth of pathogenic bacteria in soil, because of its different types, has certain requirements for the pH value suitable for its growth, such as clubroot and purple feather bacteria suitable for slight acidity; Suitable acidity includes pythium, late blight, drag mold, white feather disease, white silk disease, verticillium wilt, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, etc. Suitable acidity-weak acidity is Fusarium and so on. Except potatoes, almost all soil-borne pathogens are fungi, so they all like acidic soil.

Therefore, if the pH value of soil is adjusted to neutral to alkaline, soil infectious diseases can be prevented. A considerable number of plant diseases are related to temperature, humidity and light. German scientists have formulated different crop cultivation schemes for specific crop diseases, and achieved great results by measures such as ditching, reducing density, reducing shading and enhancing light transmission. Different crops were formed in the farm, and corresponding cultivation schemes were implemented, which effectively controlled the occurrence of pests and diseases.

Pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer

In addition to prohibiting the use of foreign synthetic substances such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides, German organic agriculture also attaches great importance to improving soil organic matter, providing rich nutrition for actinomycetes, becoming a dominant flora and controlling crop diseases. Measures to improve soil organic matter include planting green manure, deep-rooted leguminous crops, fallow farmland and increasing the application of organic fertilizer.

The EU encourages agricultural subsidies aimed at improving the environment, while German agricultural support policies have always been under the framework of the EU's unified agricultural support policies, which are consistent with them and have changed and developed with the evolution of the EU's agricultural support policies. In the subsidy system, the EU no longer subsidizes the output of agriculture, but subsidizes the area of different crops, the number of livestock and the area of fallow farmland.

Combining agriculture with animal husbandry to maintain soil nitrogen balance

German family farms mainly raise livestock and are also engaged in planting. Encouraged by government policies, organic farms only use organic fertilizers, so that animal husbandry and planting can promote each other and develop together, and reduce the pollution of excessive application of chemical fertilizers to the soil environment. A remarkable feature of German agriculture is that animal husbandry is very developed, which is an agricultural structure dominated by animal husbandry, and the output value of animal husbandry accounts for more than 60% of the agricultural output value. This production structure greatly improves the added value of agricultural products, provides people with high-quality and nutritious dairy products, improves people's diet structure and living standards, and also increases agricultural output value.

Planting produces more than 80% grain feed for animal husbandry, and nearly 20% feed problem is solved by import. Developed animal husbandry is the fertilizer base of organic agriculture in Germany.

Application of plant allelopathy technology to improve crop stress resistance

The application of modern technology in German agriculture is conducive to improving the environment and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. Agronomists have discovered a new method-plants are strong and enhance plant resistance. German agricultural circles generally believe that self-protection is more important than prevention and treatment, not drug treatment.

In the registration of agricultural materials in Germany, there is a column of materials for plant tonics, which specifically refers to agricultural materials that enhance the stress resistance of plants. In addition, German agriculture also uses plant-derived substances or bioactive substances to repair and regulate soil and eliminate the impact of soil diseases on crops.