The basic knowledge of relief and the characteristics of relief.

Relief is a combination of sculpture and painting. After compression, the object shows three-dimensional space with perspective and other factors, and it is only for one or two sides to watch. So what do you know about liberation? The following is my knowledge of relief, I hope you like it!

Brief introduction of relief relief is the product of the combination of sculpture and painting. After compression, the object shows three-dimensional space with perspective and other factors, and it is only for one or two sides to watch. Relief is usually stuck on another plane, so it is often used in buildings and can often be seen on utensils. Because of its compression characteristics, it occupies less space, so it is suitable for decoration in various environments. In recent years, it plays an increasingly important role in urban beautification. Relief is as colorful as round carving in content, form and material. The materials of relief are stone, wood, ivory and metal.

Relief art is found all over the world, from ancient Egypt to the sculptures of temples and tombstones in ancient Greece and Rome. There are also many relief arts in temples, caves and tombs of kings in China, such as the six horses in Zhaoling. Egyptian? Negative? Relief, the image of relief sinks into the plane of matter, which is unique in the world.

The concept and characteristics of relief relief is a kind of sculpture that carves concave and convex images on a plane, and it is an artistic expression between circular sculpture and painting.

The spatial structure of the relief can be a three-dimensional shape or a plane shape; It can be attached to the carrier or exist relatively independently. Generally speaking, in order to meet the needs of viewing or decoration from a specific angle, the prominent feature of relief compared with circular carving is the two-dimensional or planar feature of the compressed body. The difference between relief and round carving lies in its relative flatness and three-dimensional sense. Its spatial form is the so-called compressed space between the two-dimensional virtual space of painting and the three-dimensional space of circular sculpture. The compressed space limits the free development of the decompression space. With the support of the plane background, the three-dimensional sense of circular sculpture is weakened, and the virtual and unreal in painting and perspective are adopted and utilized more to achieve the purpose of expression. Compared with circular carving, relief mostly deals with the relationship between space and form according to the principle of painting. However, in the central pursuit of reflecting aesthetic images, relief and round carving are completely consistent, and different forms of techniques show only some appearance characteristics. Relief, as one of the types of sculpture art, first shows the general characteristics of sculpture art, that is, its aesthetic effect involves not only vision but also touch. At the same time, it can give full play to the advantages of painting art in composition, theme and space treatment, and show the contents and objects that circular carving can't show, such as the background and environment of events and characters, the continuity and turning point of narrative plot, the free switching of different time and space perspectives, the interspersed and overlapping of complex and diverse things, etc. Carving and shaping on the plane make the relief combine the technical advantages of sculpture and painting, and maintain the diversity and diversification of techniques. The perspective in the two-dimensional space is reduced, and the background of the main image is portrayed or virtual, which makes the modeling language of relief more narrative than other sculptures, especially circular sculptures, without losing the expressiveness of ordinary sculptures.

Space is compressed to different degrees, and two basic relief forms are formed: high relief and low relief.

Because of the high initial position and thickness, the high relief is less compressed, so its spatial structure and modeling characteristics are closer to the circular carving, and even some local treatments are completely handled by the circular carving. High relief often uses the spatial fluctuation or exaggeration of three-dimensional modeling to form a concentrated sense of spatial depth and strong visual impact, which makes relief art have special expressive force and charm for image building. The famous architectural relief "1792" on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France, is a masterpiece of high relief. The artist successfully combines the techniques of round carving and relief, fully showing the complex hierarchical relationship of overlapping and ups and downs of characters, giving people a strong visual impact.

The starting position of bas-relief is lower, the shape is more compressed, the sense of plane is stronger, and it is closer to the painting form to a greater extent. It mainly does not rely on physical space to create space effect, but uses painting techniques or perspective, illusion and other processing methods to create a more abstract compressed space, which is conducive to strengthening the dependence of relief suitable for the carrier. The ancient Assyrians in Mesopotamia were probably the best artists to express their art by this means. In a series of? Assyrian hunting map? In middle school, they make good use of bas-relief techniques, showing a vibrant artistic image with a sense of rhythm and rhythm, and accurately expressing the inner feelings of people and animals with complex dynamics.

When choosing the compression degree of relief space, the function, theme, environmental position, light and other factors of the object are usually considered, among which the environment and light factors play a decisive role. Excellent sculptors can always handle these relationships well and make their works achieve good visual effects.

Under the basic creative principle of fully expressing aesthetic thoughts and feelings, different forms of relief have their own emphasis on artistic character or expression adaptability. Generally speaking, the deep sense of space and strong plasticity of high relief endows its emotional expression with solemn, calm, serious and vigorous effect and magnificent momentum; With smooth lines and multi-angle plane composition, the bas-relief conveys the peaceful mood like light music and the romantic tenderness like lyric poetry.

With the development of sculpture art, the relative independence of circular sculpture is increasingly strengthened. In contrast, although liberation is more subject to a kind of dependence, that is, right? A plane? Or? Wall? However, its unique performance characteristics and rich sculpture modeling methods are still irreplaceable by other art forms. Moreover, under the impetus of modern art revolution, its aesthetic characteristics have increasingly strengthened its relative independence. Yeah, it's fixed? Wall? The dependence and adaptability of modern reliefs are no longer as strong, rigid and unshakable as classical reliefs. For modern relief, as a carrier or the environment? Wall? It is free and optional, so it has a broad space for free development.

The main forms of reliefs are shrines, high reliefs, bas-reliefs, line engraving and hollowing out.

1. China ancient grotto sculptures can be summarized as shrine sculptures, which can be divided into realism, decoration and abstraction according to different modelling technique.

2. The thin relief is dominated by lines, supplemented by surfaces, and the lines and surfaces are combined. 2 ~ 5 mm deep. Thin and three-dimensional, lined with sparse and dense, knife washing practice;

3. The intaglio carvings are generally carved on the surfaces of boxes, cabinets, beds and cabinets. Instead of drawing a manuscript, use a knife instead of a pen to carve Wen Yin patterns with a lively knife method;

3. High relief refers to a form of decompression, large fluctuation, close to circular carving or even semi-circular carving. This relief has a strong contrast between light and shade, and the visual effect is outstanding;

4. The bas-relief has large compression and small fluctuation, which not only maintains the straightness of a building, but also has a certain sense of volume and fluctuation;

5. Line engraving is a combination of painting and sculpture, which is produced by light and shadow, taking light as a ghost, and even some subtle ups and downs, giving people a feeling of elegance and agility;

6. Hollow carving is to remove the so-called embossed bottom plate, thus creating a changeable negative space, so that the contours of negative space and positive space have a rhythm of mutual transformation. This technology used to be used in doors and windows railing furniture, and some can look at both sides.

7. After the disintegration of primitive society, relief art gradually flourished. In many ancient civilizations, tombs built to pray for eternal life after death, temples built to worship ancestors' gods and monuments built to celebrate emperors' achievements are magnificent.

8. Relief, a form of expression with both the substantiality of sculpture and the narrative of painting, has largely adapted to the ancient social life and spiritual orientation. It provides a powerful way and a vast world for expressing people's imaginary sacred world or paradise ideal like Eden and recording important events in real life.