What are the methods of metal molding processing their respective characteristics and scope of application

Metallic material is a collective term for metal or metal-based materials with metallic properties. Including pure metals, alloys and special metal materials. Common metal material molding processing methods are casting, forging, cutting, powder metallurgy and welding.

Casting is the liquid metal is poured into the casting cavity with the required parts, to be cooled and solidified to obtain the required blanks, parts of the production method. Casting has quite distinct advantages and disadvantages, is one of the basic processes of modern machinery manufacturing metal material molding. Advantages of casting are: first, you can produce complex shapes, especially complex cavity of the blank, such as box; second is a wide range of applications, the size of the casting is not limited; third is the choice of inexpensive scrap steel and other raw materials, the cost is low; fourth is the shape and size of the casting is very close to the required parts, you can save a lot of metal materials. The disadvantages of casting are as follows: First, the process is relatively difficult to control, prone to defects; Second, compared to forgings, castings, the performance of relatively low; Third, in some casting process, the production batch is small, the labor intensity of workers is greater.

Forging processing is the forging processing and stamping processing, is the use of forging machinery, hammer, anvil block, punch or general-purpose molds on the billet pressure, so that the billet to produce plastic deformation, to obtain the required parts of the metal material forming methods. Forging processed workpiece size is accurate, suitable for mass production. After forging the mechanical properties of the workpiece to provide significant, but the corresponding manufacturing cost is higher, but also can only process the higher plasticity of the metal material.

Cutting of metal materials refers to the use of machine tools and other excess metal materials on the blank or workpiece cutting, so that the workpiece to obtain the required shape and size and surface quality of the processing method. Cutting processing is an important processing method in the mechanical manufacturing process. Although the workpiece manufacturing precision is constantly improving, precision casting, precision forging, extrusion, powder metallurgy and other machining processes are increasingly widely used, but the cutting process has a wide range of adaptability to achieve the required precision and surface roughness, has always occupied an important position in the machinery manufacturing process.

Powder metallurgy is the production of metal powder and metal powder or metal powder mixture as raw materials, after sintering and molding, the production of metal materials, composites, and other products forming process. Powder metallurgy products have a special chemical composition and mechanical and physical properties that can not be obtained by traditional casting methods. Powder metallurgy process can be made directly into porous, semi-dense or fully dense material products, such as oil bearing, gears, etc., greatly reducing the cost of mass production. The corresponding powder metallurgy mold cost is high, not suitable for small batch production.

Welding is a kind of heating, high temperature or high pressure on the metal or other thermoplastic materials to join the manufacturing process, is the most important part of mechanical manufacturing, good welding processing technology determines the fundamental mechanical manufacturing. Welding has the following characteristics: First, the connection performance is good. Second, the welded structure rigidity, good integrity. Third, the welding process is widely adaptable. If the welding is not appropriate, it may cause a decline in performance and affect the quality of the workpiece.

There are many methods of metal material processing, no one method is the best, only according to the actual needs of the enterprise, choose the most appropriate method.