Gu, a hundred surnames.

"Tongzhi Gu surname? The brief introduction of the clan said:? Gu, surnamed Earl, was a vassal in Xia and Shang Dynasties. There is an old city twenty-eight miles southeast of Fan County, which is also his land, and his descendants take the fief as their surname. Another "Gu Pu" said: Sun Minjun, the thirteenth king of Yue, shook it, and the Han dynasty sealed Dong Ou, shaking it off, and sealed his son Gu. The early Han dynasty lived in Huiji (now Wuxian County, Suzhou) and was also Gu. ? What is this passage? North Gu? 、? Nangu? The origin of theory. It can be seen that the history of the Gu family goes back to ancient times, and there are many celebrities of the Gu clan in the process of reproduction and development. In addition, during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Gu was also one of the four surnames of Wu Jun, represented by Gu Yong, which had a decisive influence on the politics and military affairs of the Jin Dynasty.

Probe into the origin of Gu surname

Origin one

Give yourself a surname. After Kunwu's surname in Xia Dynasty, take the country name as the surname. In the classic "Poetry? Ode to Shang Dynasty:? Wei Gu cut, kunwu Xia Jie. ? It is recorded in the history biography:? There are Guo Wei and Gu Guo. Gu and Kunwu are both surnames. ?

According to the historical records Yuan He's Compilation and Tang Shu? According to the genealogy of the Prime Minister, Emperor Zhuan Xu had a great-grandson named Ng Wui, who was the brother of Huo Zhengzhu and Zhu Rong. Lu Zhong, his son, married Wan, the daughter of Ghost Fang, and gave birth to six sons. The eldest son was named Fan, given his surname, and was sealed in Kunwu country (now Xuchang, Henan Province), and his descendants were Kunwu. During the Xia Dynasty, the descendants of Kunwu were sealed in Gu State (now Fanxian County, Henan Province), which was said by history to be one of the important allies of the Xia Dynasty.

In the Records of Yuanhe County in the Tang Dynasty, Yuhuan in Taiping in the Song Dynasty and the early genealogy of some ancient families, there are records of ancient care for the country. Looking at Gucheng, which is 0/5 km east of Fanxian County in Henan Province, and the famous historical document Zuo Zhuan? Twenty-one years of mourning for the public is recorded in the third year of Jirentai (473 BC), and in the Congress of Gu, an alliance was formed with Qi Huangong and awl.

Liu Yuan 2

From the descendants of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, surnamed Si. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Sun Yao, the descendant of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, was named Dongyi (now Yongjia, Zhejiang) for helping the princes to destroy Qin. Later, Yao also betrothed his son to Huiji, called Gu. Later, Gu's descendants were named after their fiefs? Gu? For the surname, thus forming a Gu surname residents belong to the ancestors of the title as the surname, and historically, Gu surname is authentic. According to historical records such as "Words and deeds of famous people" and "Gu's genealogy", Dayu was buried in Huiji after his death, and his son Qi built an ancestral temple on the mountain to worship. Shao Kang, the Xia emperor, later sealed Yu Yu's sacrifice in Huiji, and established Yue State in Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Later generations took the country as their surname and called it Yue.

Gu is considered as one of the ancestors of the Gu family, and he became the originator of the Gu family in the south. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wu Dong's famous Gu Yong was his descendant.

Liu Yuan 3

From South Gu and North Gu, these two Gu surnames, one originated in the north and the other originated in the south, are called by later generations? Nangu? And then what? North Gu? . So far, when people named Gu are talking about their origins, what else? Nangu? 、? North Gu? Said. After gu,? North Gu? Underdeveloped? Nangu? Nangu soon became the most popular surname in Huiji (now Wuxian, Suzhou). During the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, it was called Huiji four surnames together with Lu, Zhu and Zhang. Because Gu's surname mainly originated from and grew up in Huiji, Huiji became one of the counties with Gu's name. Later, the Gu family moved to Wuling (now Wuling West, Suzhou) and developed rapidly, so Wuling became another county of Gu family.

Origin four

From Mongolia, he belongs to Chinese culture and changed his surname to surname. According to Records of the History of Qing Dynasty? Team strategy? Mongolian Eight Banners Surname "records:

Mongolian Borzijit Banner, also known as Borzijit Banner and Baotiefu Banner, originated in Yuan Taizu? Gold family? Descendants of Kim, Turkic? People with blue eyes? He once lived in Horqin (now Horqin Grassland in Jilin Province), Xilamuleng (now Muling, Jidong and Mishan in Heilongjiang Province), Wolfwood (now Xing 'an League in southeastern Inner Mongolia), Zhalute Banner (now Zhalute Banner in Inner Mongolia), Kulun (now Kulun River Basin in Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia), Chahar (now Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, including Hebei, Wulanchabu League in Inner Mongolia, part of Xilingol League). After the middle of Qing Dynasty, the surnames of the Han nationality in Duoguan were Gu, Bao, Bao, Bo, Li, Lu, Wang, Liang, Yin, Kou, Qi and Bo.

The Mongolian red-fronted people, also known as the red-fronted people, take the land as their surname, and live in Nimacha (now on the other side of Muling Xingkai Lake in Heilongjiang Province, in Ussurisk, Russia), Yehe (now Pear Tree in Jilin Province), Hada (now Xiaoqing River Basin in Xifeng, Liaoning Province), Bodun (now Songyuan, Jilin Province), Changbai Mountain and other places. Later, Manchu was introduced as the surname, and Manchu was Honggehara. After the middle of Qing Dynasty, the surnames of the Han nationality in Duoguan were Gu, Hong, E and Guan.

Mongolian Guru Rijia originated from the Gulezha Department of Qu Chulv, the son of Naiman King in ancient Mongolia. What is Tungusic? Kurja? And after that? Guleza? , is the name of the ancient river ferry post in the middle of Yili Valley, Xinjiang. It is located in Yining, Xinjiang, and later built Gulezha City (Ningyuan City, Yining, Xinjiang), named Gulezha after the city name. It was annexed by the Junggar Department of Mongolia at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and gradually evolved into the Mongolian Guwuri family. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, many Han surnames were Gu and Bai. [ 1]

Origin five

From Manchu to Chinese, the surname was changed to surname. "Qing dynasty annals? A Brief Introduction to Clan and Qing Dynasty General Code? Team strategy? Manchu eight banners surname "records:

Hong Yan family of Manchu originated from Nuzhen in the late Tang Dynasty? General, thirty surnames? 1. Guo is the surname of the country, which is divided into two branches: imperial clan and non-imperial clan. In the Ming dynasty, it was called Wangjiabu, and in Manchu it was called Wang Jihala. It took the Ministry as its surname and lived in Hong Yan (now Tonghua, Jilin), Netu (now Nengtu River, Russia), Harqin (now Harqin Banner, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia), Yin Ge (now Qingyuan, Liaoning) and Fuyala (now Xinbin, Liaoning). Among the Mongols and Xibe people, there is also Wan Yan, a jurchen of the Jin State who joined the Yuan Dynasty. After the middle of Qing Dynasty, the surnames of the Han nationality in Duoguan were Gu, Wang, Wang, Yan, Zhang, Wan, Yan, Zhao, Ying and Kui.

Manchu Irgenjue Roche or Aisingiorro (Huang Zhengqi) was introduced to Qing Dynasty minister Ilgen Jueluo (Aisingiorro). Gu Ba Dynasty, A.D.? ~ 1708, Wen Qi, from Zhenghuang Banner, Manchuria; In the 16th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1659), Yin Sheng was promoted to the Guard Army, and served as a post officer, a captain without pomp, a literary writer in the official department, a lecturer and an attendant. In the 23rd year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (AD 1684), he was ordered to teach the Four Emperors, Aisingiorro? Later, Yin Zhen, who was promoted to the right assistant minister of does, was also promoted to Shangshu, making certain contributions to consolidating the frontier, and died ten years after leaving home; But Ilgen Gioro (Aisingiorro Xi)? Gu's eight generations of officials were incorruptible, and his family was poor, so he had to be led by Aisingiorro? Yin Zhen attended the funeral. In Eisingiro? After Yin Zhen acceded to the throne, he was posthumously awarded Ilgen Jueluo (Aisingiorro) in the fourth year of Yongzheng (AD 1726)? Ancient eight generations? A teacher? , posthumous title? Wenduan? . Since the eighth generation took care of themselves, descendants and their clansmen have been taken care of.

(Directly from Daliushu, Wuwei, Gansu), passed down from generation to generation.

Liu Yuan

From Xibo nationality to Han culture, the surname was changed to surname. According to the annals of the Qing dynasty? Brief introduction of clan, general code of Qing Dynasty? Team strategy? Records of Manchu Eight Banners' surnames: Xibe and Manchu Gourga, also known as Guoerjia, Guoluojia and Gourga, Shi Juan Badpute Zhantai (now Sanchazi, Tieling, Liaoning), Nenhe (now Nehe, Heilongjiang), Changbai Mountain and other places. Later, if Manchu was taken as the surname, Manchu pinyin was Gorgiya Hala.

After the middle of Qing Dynasty, the surnames of Xibo, Manchu and Han after Gourga were Gu, Guo and Gao.

Origin seven

As far as Yugur nationality is concerned, it belongs to sinicization and changes its surname. Yugur nationality, a nomadic Uighur nationality, originated in the Erhun River Basin in the Tang Dynasty. Its ancestors can be traced back to Dingling in the third century BC, Tiele in the fourth century AD, and Uighurs living in the Sexiege River and Erhun River Basin. Uighurs are one of the six major ministries in Tiele (Dili, Chile and Gaoche) in the east. Later, in the struggle with the East Turkic khanate, East Tiele formed a tribal alliance with Uighur as the core, called? Nine surname Tiele? Or abbreviation? Nine surnames? . In the middle of the 8th century AD, Uighur defeated the Turks, and established the Uighur khanate in Utler Mountain (now the branch of Hangaishan Mountain) and Wenkun River (now the Erhun River). In the middle of the 9th century, the Uighur khanate was destroyed by the Uighur Jiasi, and the Uighur ministries moved around. One of them moved to Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province, and merged with some Uighurs who moved in earlier, where they lived and multiplied. Hexi Uighur? .

In the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial court called it a country? Sally's scared? 、? Quit Uighur? . By the early Ming Dynasty, its tribe had moved to Qilian Mountain, calling itself? Yaoher? . In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, it is often called? Sila Vigur, Sila Guer Huang Fan? . According to their distribution areas, three languages are used respectively: Yaohu language of Turkic language family of Altai language family, Engel language of Mongolian language family of Altai language family and Chinese. Yugur people have no mother tongue, and Chinese is widely used. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the nation claimed to be? Sally Uyghur? . 1953, the central people's government decided to use the same name as that of the Ming dynasty according to the wishes of the nation? Yaoher? Homophonic? Yugu? (Chinese means prosperity and consolidation) is a national title. 1954 On February 20th, the Central People's Government formally established Sunan Yugur Autonomous County in Gansu Province.

Among Yugur people, there are Gule Duxi and Guling. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, most of them took homophonic Chinese characters with the first word and renamed them Gu.

Yuanliuba

Originated from changing one's surname and taking care of oneself, it is a branch of Dagutou Gu, which changed its surname to surname for some reason.

There is one in Ningbo, Zhejiang? Look back? Originally a Meng family, it was given to me by my master in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1522 ~ 1566) to express my gratitude and admiration after he moved from Gujiabu, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province to Beilun District, Ningbo. Gu? For surnames, the younger generation originated from the ranking generation of the family, belonging to the elders who changed their surnames.

Liu Yuan 9

Originated from other ethnic minorities, it belongs to Chinese culture and changed its surname to surname.

Today, there are still members of the Gu family among the ethnic minorities such as Zhuang and Hui, and their sources mostly come from the policy of detention and the movement of changing the land to the flow promoted by the central government during the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and they have been passed down from generation to generation as the Han surname Gu.

Gu surname distribution

Gu is a multi-ethnic and multi-source surname, which mainly originated in Huiji, Zhejiang (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Ranked 89th in today's surname list, belonging to surname series, but not among the top 100 surnames in Taiwan Province Province. Today, its population is about 2.83 million, accounting for 0. 17% of the total population of China.

Gu's surname is divided into two branches: one is Beigu (referring to the descendants who originated in Fan County, Henan Province), and the other is Nangu (referring to the descendants of Gu Yao who originated in Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province).

After taking care of his surname, North Gu developed less than South Gu. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the two Gu surnames developed slowly. According to some data, Nan Gude's family name soon became the most popular surname in Huiji (now Suzhou), and it was also called Huiji's four surnames with Lu, Zhu and Zhang in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. During the Han Dynasty, Huiji's eldest son, Gu Ao, moved to Taihu Lake because his mother liked to eat spirits. During the Southern Dynasties, Gu Huan, a native of Huiji, was a famous scholar. His descendants later moved to Jinhua, and then moved from Jinhua to Tiantai, becoming a powerful clan. Some local landscape names, such as Gu Runing and Huanxi, all come from him. Because Gu's surname mainly originated and developed in Huiji (Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province), Huiji was regarded as one of Gu's name counties in history. In addition, this family was later moved to Wuling (now Wuling West, Suzhou), which developed rapidly in the local area, so Wuling was honored as another big county of family. From the Three Kingdoms to the Tang Dynasty, Gu has always been one of the four surnames in Jiangdong. After the Tang Dynasty, due to the migration of official positions and avoiding the chaos of war and fire, Gu continued to spread to the north and south. During the Hongwu period in the early Ming Dynasty, Gu traveled to Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu and other places. According to some data, in the middle of Ming Dynasty, Gu not only lived in Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong and Sichuan, but also lived in Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei and Inner Mongolia in the north. From the end of Ming Dynasty to the middle of Qing Dynasty, Gu family of Fujian and Guangdong crossed the sea to Taiwan Province, and then moved overseas. 1949, Chiang Kai-shek was defeated and fled to Taiwan Province Province, and many people followed him in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. However, throughout the family history of Gu surname, the development and reproduction center of Gu surname has been in today's Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.

Today, the Gu family is widely distributed in China, especially in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, accounting for about 60% of the Han population in China.