What are the folk crafts

Paper cutting, clay figures, bone carving, porcelain, jade, glass, fire-painted gourds, copper art, Beijing embroidery, Shoushan stone, ivory, rosewood, Chinese red porcelain. Zisha pots, handicraft carts, fused paintings, jade carvings, Beijing drawings, Mao embroidery workshop, inside paintings, material ware, lacquer art, torn paper, clay figures, noodle figures, Jun porcelain, cloisonné, cross-toe pottery, cuiyu.

Bone carving as tools and jewelry made of animal bones is one of the earliest handmade products of mankind. Ancient people have long made needles and knives out of bones and carved patterns or words on them. With the change of history, bone carving from daily necessities gradually evolved into decorations. The bone carvings we see now are already very exquisite handicrafts, not only are there words carved on the bone, but also lifelike three-dimensional figures, birds and flowers and simulated architecture carved out with different knives and other works. It is worth mentioning that bone carving and ivory carving are sister arts. Due to the protection of wild animals, especially elephants, and China's compliance with the international convention banning the trade of ivory and ivory products, the masters who used to be engaged in ivory carving have switched to bone carving, and the masters are still continuing the story of the art of ivory carving on the bones of cows and camels. The following is the process of bone carving works: 1. feed: with cattle, camel thigh bone; 2. selection: remove the joints at both ends of the bone loose parts, leaving only the middle of the solid bone material 3. degreasing and bleaching: high temperature degreasing, chemical methods of degreasing and bleaching, extracting the fat, preventing discoloration, mildew; 4. opening: according to the need to process the category of the work of the bone material will be cut. 5. divided into types of work: according to the figures, water, animals, and architecture and other categories classified into types of work. According to the categories of figures, water, animals, and buildings, etc., they are categorized and processed in different types of work.

Internally painted snuff bottles, the Kangxi period is the early stage of the emergence of Chinese snuff bottles, and the emperors of the subsequent generations did not like snuff bottles. Because of the ruler's hobby and advocate the influence of the snuff bottle has just no longer act as a container function, but was given the social function of ornamental, boasts of wealth and victory, enjoying and playing with the snuff bottle in the Qing dynasty literati and scholars are quite popular. Internal painting snuff bottles, is made of transparent glass or crystal as a tire. Then use a special pen to probe into its mouth, in the pot belly reverse depiction of the picture. The subjects are mostly flowers, plants, insects and fish, rocks and trees, rivers and lakes, myths, comedians and portraits. This unique art category is in the Qianlong after the snuff bottle production process towards the decline of the sudden rise. First in the Beijing area, and then gradually developed and matured, emerged a number of masters of the art of painting snuff bottles for the industry, and formed different schools, after the liberation of the folk art of painting snuff bottles in the spring, blossomed into a new flower.

The finished products of Jun porcelain are divided into two categories: furnishings and daily necessities, and the furnishings are divided into four levels: big treasures, rare products, fine products and genuine products. It is understood that the process of producing a piece of Jun porcelain is the process of the emergence of the beauty of Jun porcelain, Jun porcelain is fired twice, including low-temperature firing and high-temperature glaze firing, temperature, atmosphere, the glaze color will produce certain changes, with the "kiln a color, kiln 10,000 colors" to describe the color of the color changes in the Jun porcelain is a variety of wonderful, not too much. This magical phenomenon of kiln change gives people a refreshing feeling. At the same time, as the world's only high-temperature kiln-variable porcelain, Jun porcelain rewrites the history of Chinese porcelain, which is green in the south and white in the north, and opens up a new realm of aesthetics for Chinese ceramics.

Jun porcelain began in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty, with a history of more than 1,300 years. Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, who emphasized literature and martial arts, rewarded handicraft production, set up an official kiln in Jun Tai, and set up Jun porcelain as the imperial tribute, Jun porcelain also got its name from this, when the king and ministers have made great achievements, gold and beautiful women, and high-ranking officials can't show that the emperor's grace is great, the emperor only gave Jun porcelain to show that the rewards. The emperor only gave Jun porcelain as a reward when gold, beauty, and high official pay could not show his great imperial favor. Therefore, the reputation of "even if you have tens of thousands of family assets, it is better than one piece of Jun porcelain" was left behind. Jun porcelain is a comprehensive art, which is famous for its eight beauties, five colors, god, strange, wonderful, and absolute. The eight beauties are: difficulty, uniqueness, type, glaze, sound, jade, grain and scenery.

The "beauty of difficulty" refers to the difficulty of firing Jun porcelain. "Ten kilns nine not", "*** counting a hand of labor force, overhand seventy-two, can become a ware", because of its difficulty and the more obvious Jun porcelain artists hard work of the beauty of the cold and noble indomitable spirit of the nation in the pursuit of this realization, to win the "gold! The artisans' hard work is the reason why it is so difficult to realize the beauty of the artisans' hard work.

"The beauty of uniqueness" refers to the fact that the Divine Queen's porcelain, with the aura of dragon (Dalong Mountain) and phoenix (Phoenix Wing Mountain), has been created by nature and has become a five-color porcelain clay. The unique art of Jun is full of colorful, dynamic and living charm, so it is said that "Jun is unmatched".

The "beauty of type" refers to the beauty of modeling. The shape of the pottery is not only inherited from tradition, but also created with a modern sense of awareness. Make the colorful glaze can be attached to the flavor multiplied.

"The beauty of the glaze" refers to the vitrification of the glaze, colorful oozing beauty, Jun porcelain glaze is a kiln-variable glaze - a two-liquid split-phase glaze, both to maintain the glaze crystal clear light, but also wet such as jade milky phenomenon. Make Jun porcelain "colorful", exquisite.

"The beauty of sound" refers to the sound of the open piece of sound like a koto tinkling bells, the bells of the crisp, rain hit the beauty of the sound quality of the copper, just like the "Jade End of the Golden Sound" lilting ears, such as falling into the fairyland.

"The beauty of jade" refers to the crystal clear, smooth jade glaze produced by the feeling of jade, also known as "Junyu". It is also known as the "JUN Porcelain, White Jade for the Soul," which is known as "Thousands of Autumn and Autumn Art Garden," and "White Jade for the Soul.

"The beauty of grain" refers to the formation of caviar pattern, pearl point, crab claw mark, ice sheet pattern, robe piece, peacock clothes, earthworm walking mud pattern, stars in the sky, spring breeze and rain and other patterns of Jun porcelain, which played a strong decorative effect. These patterns are either like branches and vines connecting green leaves; or like tree roots holding up a tree; or like spring earthworms loosening the soil; or like gulls singing at sunset.

The "beauty of scenery" refers to the glaze of Jun porcelain, which has become a superb piece of landscape painting, such as the twilight sunset, the sunset of the Yangtze River, the red plums and snow, and the immortal mountains and agar pavilions. It has been highly praised by countless literati and scholars, making people think of endless thoughts, so that the body and mind can be cultivated by art, enjoying the charm of nature, going beyond the content covered by poems, songs, and paintings, and entering the realm of transcendence.

Appreciation of Jun porcelain, the view, pleasing to the eye; listen to, such as rain hit the instrument; touch the glistening smooth; think of, aftertaste, mobilize all the viewer's sense of tube, into the art of Jun porcelain in the appreciation of the mind - the soul to purify, sublimation of the soul. Folklore: "jun and jade than, jun than jade beauty, like jade non-jade like jade", "gold has a price jun priceless, elegant room without jun, can not exaggerate the rich" and foreigners are called: Chinese treasure porcelain.

There are also many folk crafts, you can enter the Hundred Workshop to query.