Introduction to China Classical Gardens txt E-book Complete Works

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Classical gardens are an important part of China's traditional culture. The participation of literati in gardening has pushed the classical gardens to a higher artistic level, endowed them with distinctive oriental characteristics, a blend of scenes, poetic and picturesque scenery, and beautiful scenery, which has played a great role in the creation and aesthetic process of classical gardens.

The earliest recorded private gardens of China literati sprouted in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. There is a "lacquer garden" in Zhuangzhou, which is located in Guide County, Henan Province. We don't have a detailed description of this garden, except that there is a big pagoda tree in the yard. Zhuang Zhou dreamed that there were butterflies under the tree. Judging from the historical situation at that time, these literati lacked the rich financial resources like emperors, so they could not build large-scale luxury gardens. However, his garden design theme is completely different from the royal garden, and the garden landscape is simple and natural. In the history of world civilization, China literati gardens with natural landscape aesthetics appeared in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. This is also a turning point in the evolution from ancient gardens to classical gardens. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are an era of frequent wars and disasters, with constant changes of dynasties and extremely cruel political struggles. The fierce battle for official career made the literati realize that they were unable to fight against the real society at all, and most of them followed the high wind of Qiyuan.