What are the artistic styles of Yu opera?

Yu opera, as an important local theater, has its own unique artistic characteristics. The music of Yu Opera is colorful, the voice cavity is of the clapper, the singing cavity is of the board cavity, the words are clear, the lines are sound, and the words are spoken.

The lyrics are easy to understand, mostly 7-word sentences or 10-word sentences. It has a unique plate structure and a relatively complete musical program, with four major types of plates: the slow plate, the running plate, the two-eight plate, and the flying plate, and the lyrics are generally sung in 10-word phrases with three, three, and four meters, or in 7-word phrases with two, two, and three meters. Occasionally, they also use short and long sentences with varying numbers of words.

The musical structure of Yu Opera singing is a plate variation, and there are four types of plates, namely, the slow plate, the two-eight plate, the running plate, and the scattered plate. The two-eight plate is named because it is a musical section composed of two eight plates that is used repeatedly in the past. The two-eighths board is the most expressive and varied among the four major types of boards in Yu opera.

In addition to the basic two-eighths board, it can also be divided into slow two-eighths board, middle two-eighths board, two-eighths continuous board, fast two-eighths board, tight two-eighths board, and tightly playing slow singing and other boards.

With the continuous enrichment of the content of the performance, this fixed and dull program has been broken, and now the two eight boards combine the singing methods of the two major genres of the Yudong and Yuxi tunes.

And according to the needs of the plot and the changing feelings of the characters, there are different variations, which can not only express the bright, cheerful and joyful, but also express the urgent, tense, and angry and sorrowful scenes. In addition, the two eight boards can also be derived from the croaking mouth, dog biting, chaotic bomb, palletizing boards, moving benches and so on.

The slow board category includes the slow board, the golden hook hanging, the anti-golden hook hanging, the wind board and other boards, which is one of the commonly used boards in Yu opera singing. Its prelude to the door has a variety of forms, of which the most commonly used are six bang, four bang, guide four bang and wind a bang.

The starting form of the slow board is divided into two types: the whole board and the loose board. The whole plate is called the first sentence of the cavity, scattered plate from the first sentence will be sung to plant the plate or the big plate, from the second sentence into the slow plate. The basic structure of the ordinary upper and lower sentences in the slow tempo is to divide one sentence into two clauses, with a small door in the middle. After the whole sentence is sung, there is an eight-bang following door with the sound at the end of the sentence, which can be reduced to four bangs or omitted altogether.

In addition to the above basic structural forms, there are a variety of local variations of the slow plate. In the upper line, there are the first line and three lines, and in the lower line, there are the single and double lines.

The closing of the slow plate, also known as the "locking plate", has the same basic structure as the ordinary next sentence, except that most of the closing speeds slow down, and there is a short door at the end of the closing tone. The speed of the slow plate is more scalable, and can be fast, medium or slow depending on the mood of the content.

The running board is also one of the commonly used boards in Yu opera, which can be divided into running board, slow running board, fast running board, running board and so on. The singing is generally in the form of a single board with the eyes rising and falling. It can be changed at different speeds as needed.

The tune is relatively free and flexible, with a smooth melody and rhythmic fluctuation, which is suitable for expressing cheerful and lively scenes as well as depressing and sorrowful emotions. It is also derived from the palletizing plate and the two gongs drilling.

The main characteristic of the flowing water plate is that in the melody, there are especially many syncopated rhythms across the bars, whether it is the rise and fall of the cantata, or the ups and downs and twists and turns in the cantata melody, most of which appear in the eye position.

The upper phrase of the running water plate falls more freely, and in the ordinary structure of the upper and lower phrases, with the falling of the last phrase of the singing, there is usually a following accent over the door. The prelude is basically the same as the two-eighths board, with a different knowledge of the beginning of the reed head. There are many different forms of starting and ending the flow board. The main focus of the flowing board category of subsidiary plate style flowing water and two gongs Zanzi, etc..

Flying board is also called "non-board". It has no board, no eyes, free rhythm, is a kind of Rangyu style singing, belongs to the category of loose board. In addition, there are rolling white, planting boards, calling boards and so on. There are also crying rhyme, line rhyme, absolute rhyme three formats.

The weeping rhyme expresses the emotion of grief and sorrow, the line rhyme is mostly used for spitting out narratives, and the absolute rhyme is suitable for expressing decisive and impassioned emotions. Generally speaking, the sections sung on the flying board are shorter, and the fourth, sixth and eighth lines are transferred to other boards.

The above four categories of words are generally sung in three, three, four meter cross sentence, or two, two, three meter 7 words. Sometimes they also use short and long sentences with different numbers of words, such as the five-word sentence that is the basis of the croak in the two-eight boards, and the prose sentence that is the rolling white in the flying boards.

The accompaniment band of Yu opera, in the past there was "a drum, two gongs, three strings, clappers and cymbals **** eight mouth". Early Yu opera also used four big fan and sharp horn on the instrument, so as to create a majestic and warm atmosphere.

Yu opera orchestra of the cultural field of the main instrument, early for the big string, that is, the octagonal Yueqin, players also play suona, and the two strings, that is, bamboo or wooden barrels masked tung wood surface of the treble small Panhu, as well as plucked instruments, three strings.

After the 1930s, the big string and the two-string were gradually abandoned in favor of the alto banhu as the main string.

After 1950, the erhu, pipa, bamboo flute, sheng, mulligan, cello and so on were gradually added to the general wenchang, and in some cases, the drop hu and guzheng were also added.

There are more than 300 traditional accompaniment songs in the Yu Opera, among which there are more than 130 suona songs, more than 20 transverse flute songs, and more than 170 silk string songs. Among the suona tunes, the most commonly used ones are Chun Cai, Dahan Dongshan, Xiaohan Dongshan, Da Peach Red, Xia Peach Red, Da Open Door, Xia Open Door, Da Wind Into the Pine, Xia Wind Into the Pine, Wen Erfan, Wu Erfan, Shui Longyin, Xin Shui Ling, Zuigui Zhi, Yen Diao Ling, Shanshan Sheep, Red Embroidered Shoes, Suona Pi, Dolls, and so on.

The commonly used transverse flute tunes include "Toward the Son of Heaven", "Five Six Five", "Crying for Heaven", "Cloud Song", "Pomegranate Flower", "Flower Dynasty Song", "Hundred Birds Toward the Phoenix", "Chicken Climbing the Slope", and "Small Open Door". Silk string song commonly used in the small garden, nine rings, flower wrong word, little red shoes, bitter in the joy, waves of sand, oil gourd, ravishing, abacus, marrying and so on.

The main musical instruments of the Yu Opera band are drums, drums, gongs, hand cymbals, gongs and clappers.

The gongs and drums of Yu Opera ****there are three main categories: one is the opening gongs and drums, which are mainly composed of the mixing gongs and drums, Maobian, and Bao Laotian; the other is the gongs and drums that are used in conjunction with the performance movements and to set the atmosphere of the stage. Most of them are the same as those of Peking Opera, but some of them are called differently. Commonly used are various forms of a gong, two gongs, three gongs, as well as the collection of the head, four strikes head, emergency wind, battlefield, etc.; Third, the singing of the gongs and drums, the characteristics of the play is more prominent. The more commonly used ones are the welcome wind, the abutting head nail and so on.

There are various kinds of running heads and a drop of oil in the running board category. There are various kinds of non-board head, rolling white and so on in the category of loose board. The two-eighths boards have the most abundant gongs and drums, and are divided into two categories: single drums and double drums. In addition to the two have string hammer, long gongs, etc., single drums commonly used in the category of the skimming, skimming, etc., double drums commonly used in the five nails hammer, clapper cob, wind churning snow, etc.. In addition, there are various kinds of gongs and drums in the other affiliated plates, totaling no less than one hundred kinds. In addition, the Yu Opera also has the characteristic musical instruments Banhu, small three-stringed, square sheng and mulled.

The roles of Yu Opera are, in general terms, the Four Sheng, the Four Dan, and the Four Fancy Faces. Among them, the "Four Sheng" that is, the old man, the big red face is also known as the red man, the second red face is also known as the Wu Sheng, the young man. The "four dan" is the big net also known as black head, big flower face, two flower face, three flower face also known as clown.

The roles of Yu Opera are also characterized by five students, five dancers, and five flower faces. Actors generally have their own specialties, and some actors are multi-talented, in addition to their own line, but also other lines.

It is said that in the early days of Yu Opera, outside of the octagonal, that is to say, the four students and four flower-faced plays were the mainstay of the opera, and the raw line plays played an important role. Sheng line of big red face and two red face of the boundaries are very clear, big red face specializing in Guan Yu, two red face specializing in Zhao Kuangyin, Qin Qiong, Kang Mocai and other types of roles, mainly martial arts plays. Xiao Sheng line is generally divided into civil and military, there are actors both civil and military, martial arts theater is more outstanding.

Dan line in the external octagonal dominated the era, only occupies a secondary position, but with the gradual increase in the number of female actors and actresses on the stage, in the Yu opera has achieved a dominant position. Dajing mainly to sing to win, three flower face in addition to the performance of witty and funny, martial arts play also has a coiled rope, hanging bucket, aerial restoration, explore the sea, Yuanbao top, the big flip and many other stunts.

Yu opera is constantly developing and changing, the role of the line is also constantly developing and changing. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Yu opera performing arts development is more mature, the role of the system is more perfect, from the original three lines of raw, Dan, flower face expanded to four lines of raw, Dan, flower face, ugly.

The Sheng line is further divided into the big red face, the second red face, the small Sheng, the bearded Sheng, the martial arts Sheng, the old Sheng, and the doll Sheng. The Dan line is divided into Zhengdan, Boudan, Hua Dan, Shuai Dan, Dao Ma Dan, Wu Dan, Lao Dan, Caidan, Shui Dan. The flower face is divided into black face, white face, big flower face, two flower face, hairy face. The clown line is divided into official clowns, male clowns, clowns, old clowns, five clowns, doll clowns and so on. Among them, the young sheng also includes official sheng, fan sheng, plume sheng, and poor sheng.

Overall, the art of Yu opera is both ancient and modern, strong and soft, open-minded and generous, and has the beauty of "neutralization", and is characterized by singing.

First of all, the Yu opera singing voice is powerful, majestic, with a degree of modulation, full of passionate and unrestrained masculinity, with a strong emotional strength. Secondly, Yu Opera has a sound voice, clear diction, natural color, flesh and blood, and is good at expressing the inner feelings of the characters.

Moreover, the rhythm of Yu opera is distinctive and strong, the conflict is sharp, the storyline has a beginning and an end, coupled with the tune is witty and cheerful, so that the Yu opera is not only suitable for the performance of light-hearted comedy, it is also magnificent atmosphere, so it is suitable for the performance of the emperor and generals and the big scene, Yu Xi tune is gentle and melodious, the voice is sad, so it is very suitable for the performance of the tragedy.

Yu opera in the key plot are generally arranged to have a big board singing, singing smooth, rhythmic, very challenging, generally clear, easy to be heard by the audience, showing the unique cultural and artistic charm of the Central Plains.