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The Evolution of Fujian Opera

Fujian Opera, commonly known as Fuzhou Opera, is popular in Fuzhou dialect, Ningde, Jianyang, Sanming and other counties, as well as overseas Chinese in Taiwan Province Province and Southeast Asia. Fujian opera has a long history of 400 years. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Kunshan dialect and Yiyang dialect were introduced into Fuzhou, and gradually merged with Fuzhou dialect. From the role system of "three small classes" and "seven sub-classes" to the scale of twelve roles, its class club is called "sensitive class" Confucianism, Jianghu and Pingjiang schools in Fuzhou in the late Qing Dynasty absorbed and infiltrated each other in music singing and performing arts. 13 (1924), Zheng Zhenduo sent Chai and Sacrifice to the Commercial Press for publication, and changed the name of "Min Ban" to "Min Opera". After the Revolution of 1911, Fujian opera entered a prosperous period, with the emergence of old opera music, new opera music, three opera music, good legend, natural opera, Ran and other drama clubs, and the emergence of "Mei Lanfang", Zheng, Zeng, Guo and Ma Qiufan. Later, there were Chen Zhiqing, Fu Yinnong, Huang, Lin Yibao, Lin Zhifang and Huang Mingqing. Martial artist Chen Chunxuan absorbed the martial arts skills of Beijing Opera and created a unique set of martial arts. His masterpiece "Eight Hammers" was once made into a silent film by Fujian People's Education Center, which is the first time that Fujian Opera has been put on the screen. In 1930s, Shanghai Yishu Company published many songs of Fujian Opera, and Shanghai EMI, Gaoting and Lianxing recorded many famous songs of Fujian Opera, which spread Fujian Opera to Southeast Asia and other places. After the founding of New China, Fujian Opera has made great progress, and a large number of outstanding plays, such as Chaitoufeng, Lianyin, Liu, Yishundi and Lady's City, have won prizes both inside and outside the province. Since the reform and opening-up, Fujian Opera has taken on a new look, and a number of plays have been created, such as Wu Hong's Change of Hou, Lin Zexu's Chong Jun, Soul Breaking Yanshan Mountain, Swan Banquet, Soul of Danqing, Physician, Stone Worship, Phoenix Egg, Baling Mourning and Painting Ji Long. Among them, Painting won the "Five One Project Award" in Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, Swan Banquet and Soul of Danqing won the "Wenhua Award" and "Wenhua New Drama Award" respectively by the Ministry of Culture, and actors such as Lin Youquan also won the "Wenhua Performance Award", and Chen Naichun also won the "Plum Blossom Award" and "Wenhua Performance Award" for the play. 200 1 The ancient costume Fujian drama Orchid Fu won the highest prize of the 7th China Drama Festival-Cao Yu Excellent Drama Award. As an art with strong local characteristics in Fuzhou, Fujian Opera has also played an irreplaceable role in foreign cultural exchanges. Fujian Opera Art Troupe has visited Singapore, Japan, Malaysia, France, Hongkong, Macau, Taiwan Province and other countries and regions, and has a wide influence overseas.

Fujian opera singing

The aria of Fujian Opera consists of six parts, namely "teasing", "Jianghu", "foreign songs", "minor", "Luo Luo" and "Ban Ge", which are collectively called "Rongqiang". There are more than 190 kinds of Qupai, and its musical melody is closely related to the phonology and tone of Fuzhou dialect.

Douqiang comes from the Confucian class and is the main body of Fujian opera singing. The music structure is square and rigorous, including three kinds: board cavity, Qupai body board cavity and Qupai complex. The melody is euphemistic, touching, sad and moving, elegant in style, and full of drawling, with the words "ah, ah," , speechless,? " Same color as the lining. Such as [wide board] and [water over waves]. There are often backstage helpers at the end of the sentence, commonly known as "Ling Tao". Now play the suona more, play the violin, play the flute or sing with your feet. Such as purple jade hairpin, pagoda worship, female skeleton, Meng Jiangnv and so on.

There are 13 questions in the funny card text. It's called thirteen cavities. Including "Allegro Family" and "Wide Board Family". Qupai include "Rush Board", "Reverse Board", "Rush Board Stack", "V Board Stack", "Water Over Waves", "Observation of Volume Tone", "Wide Board Stack", "Wide Board Tone", "Tear Through", "Digging the Ridge" and "Under the Blunt". There are more than 20 kinds of changes. The musical instruments are mainly wind instruments, supplemented by stringed instruments and plucked instruments.

There are more than 30 traditional songs in foreign songs. There are four types. It consists of introduction, main melody and conclusion, including "Double Butterfly", "Filial Piety Song", "Golden Elephant", "Qing Ci", "Flower Drum Scold" and "Conversion to Zen". It consists of an introduction and a main melody, including "Underwater Fish" and "Flower Appreciation". Only the main melody part includes [Goat on the Mountain], [Off-screen], [Visiting Yun], [Mituo Temple], [Flower Drum] and so on. There are also "Langtaosha", "Clapping Wife", "Aotou Jingui", "Zhu Yunfei" and so on. The melodies of the four Qupai are interrelated, infiltrated and connected in series. There are many aria words and concise lines. The accompaniment instruments are mainly Jinghu, Yueqin and Sanxian. In the last sentence after Qupai, the son was used instead of help, commonly known as "that Wei Zi". The small door also uses "palace", and the melody is smooth. Suitable for narration, dialogue (duet) and lyrical description. Representative plays include Su Million Begging for a Family and so on. The orchestration is mainly plucked instruments, supplemented by stringed instruments.

Jianghu originated from "Jianghu" drama, based on local folk songs and "Pinghua" (rap art) tunes, and developed by mixing various tunes (such as Huizhou tunes and Yiyang tunes). Simple melody and strong variability. On the premise that the falling tone of the previous sentence remains unchanged, you can speak freely according to the language tone of the lyrics. Free rhythm and strong rap. There are more than a dozen tunes, among which Jianghu Tune, Tone, Jianghu Stack, Chai Pai Tune, Qiufeng, Shanggao and Jianghu Jiban Stack are commonly used. Accompaniment instruments mainly use strings. Only [Tone] is a big suona song asking for help and going through the door. "Jianghu" is loud and rough, and the slow and tight singing method can best reflect passion. There are five original songs and seven variations. Musical instruments are mainly stringed instruments, supplemented by plucked instruments. Representative works include Kaifeng House and Bailuo Shirt.

More than 60 folk songs have been absorbed into the singing of Fujian opera, and the melody is simple and smooth. When they are integrated into Fujian opera, they are lively and fresh. The tunes are 【 One Flower 】, 【 Four Great Scenes 】, 【 Jasmine 】, 【 Little Cattle 】, 【 Peony Pavilion 】, 【 Iron Broken Bridge 】, 【 Fish 】, 【 Beauty Beauty 】, 【 Beat 】, 【 Silver Willow 】, 【 Panguan 】, 【 Drunk Spring Red 】.

Luo is a general term for the tune of foreign traditional operas. After being absorbed into Fujian Opera, its musical form and plate are basically unchanged, and the commonly used tunes are [anti-Er Quan], [headless Er Quan], [dripping water], [dripping water], [complaining about the pipa], [regretting singing], [dripping water], [galloping horses] and [compiling a big jar]. There are 50 qu cards.