Concocting Methods in Chinese Medicine Concocting

Concocting methods mainly refer to net selection and processing.

One, the meaning of the net selection: Chinese herbal medicine in the cutting, shelling and blending, preparation, should be selected before the prescribed medicinal parts, remove non-medicinal parts, impurities and foreign matter and moldy products, insect products, ash, etc., in order to achieve medicinal purity requirements of the concocting process, that is, the net system.

Two, the purpose of the net system: 1, separate medicinal parts of lotus seed meat and heart, respectively, can strengthen the spleen and tonifying the kidney and clear the heart fire. 2, rows of graded in the net at the same time the size of the drug will be graded to facilitate the fire system and the water system to control the quality of the process, to ensure uniformity of concoctions, to prevent too much and not enough. 3, remove non-medicinal parts of the net system to remove the quality of the effect of the poor (thick Park rough skin, chebula nucleus), toxicity (herb), strong side-effects (loquat leaf villi). Strong (loquat leaf villi) parts, to facilitate the transfer of accurate, safe and effective preparation. 4. Remove impurities and foreign matter: remove the collection, processing, transportation, storage of mud and sand mixed in, foreign matter and insects and moldy and other mutated drugs. Third, the modern research overview: some traditional methods of net system time-consuming and labor-intensive, increasing the loss of herbs and costs. It should be specifically analyzed, systematic research, not easily denied, but also do not blindly follow. Experimental findings: the crude skin of hokkien accounts for 15.47% of the full weight, hokkienol, and hokkienol, β-eudesmol content of the inner skin is much higher than the crude skin. The kernel of horehound accounts for more than 50%, but the tannin contains only 4.0%, while the pulp contains 26.06% . These purifications are necessary. But some of them are worth studying: such as the crude skin of danshi accounted for only 2.06%, containing trace amounts of danshi phenol, drying is difficult to remove; in the past in the origin of fresh scraped, the commodity called "scraping danshi", the results of the content of its content measurement found that the content of danshi phenol instead of reduced. The Pharmacopoeia does not provide for danshi to rough skin is reasonable. Another example is almonds in the past, said "skin tip double kernel poisonous", experiments have confirmed that the tip of the skin of almonds and kernel components of the same kind, peeled to increase the solubility and enzyme protection enzyme glycosides. Ancient strychnine hair can reduce the toxicity, the study found that the hair in the toxic ingredients strychnine and strychnine content of only 30.7% and 16.1% of the seed kernel, "evidence of the class of Materia Medica" in the requirements of ginseng to go to the head of the reeds, said "do not go to those who spit people," the subsequent generations have gone to the reeds, the Senna reeds accounted for the ginseng full weight of 12% to 15%, the study found that The study found that ginseng reed has no emetic effect, and the composition is not different from ginseng, only the content is slightly different, ginseng reed ginsenoside Rg content is high, the ginseng body ginsenoside Rb content is high; LD50 of the two is no difference. Pharmacopoeia 90 ginseng has not required to remove the reed, but the actual garden ginseng still need to remove the reed.

Four, net selection and processing methods: most of the Chinese herbal medicines from nature, in the growth, collection, processing, transportation, storage process will be mixed into the mud and sand, residual branches and stems, wood chips and variations of herbs. These impurities such as foreign matter must be removed by hand or mechanical methods.

1, selection: refers to the manual picking method to remove impurities. Selection of the object is: (1), pick out non-medicinal parts; (2), pick out with other methods should not be removed by the naked eye visible impurities, such as wood shavings, gravel, weeds, branches and stems, insect eggs, rodent feces, etc.; (3), pick out the moldy insect moths and other deterioration of herbs; (4), the size of the grades, according to the size of the coarse and fine, manual picking and grading

2, screening: according to the different sizes of the drug and the volume of the impurity, the selection of different specifications of the sieve and the Luo The method of sieving to remove impurities. The object of screening is: (1), and the volume of the drug size difference between the impurities; (2), dregs and residual excipients; (3), with different specifications of the sieve Luo the size of the drug is graded.

3, wind selection: the use of drugs and impurities of different quality, with the help of the wind to remove impurities, the object of which is a large difference with the quality of the drug impurities.

4, water selection: water flushing to remove impurities, or the use of drugs and impurities of different specific gravity, with the help of water buoyancy to remove impurities and separation of non-medicinal parts. The object is: (1), the drug surface or internal adhesion of soil salts, such as cicadas, seaweed; (2), flotation drugs and non-medicinal parts, such as jujube kernel and the separation of nuclear. When water selection, pay attention not to soak in the water for too long, to prevent the dissolution of the loss of efficacy.

The above methods are used in conjunction with more, in order to target different nature of impurities. Such as picking off large impurities, sieve to remove floating soil, water washing to remove the internal soil, wind blowing to remove weeds.

Separation of different medicinal parts and removal of non-medicinal parts Separation of different medicinal parts and removal of non-medicinal parts, both of which are the same method, with different purposes.

Chinese medicine concoction separation of different medicinal parts: many Chinese medicines from the same source, such as the plant lotus, medicinal: lotus root (underground rhizomes, clearing heat and cooling the blood), lotus root joints (stems and knots, stopping bleeding and dissipating blood stasis), powdered lotus root (rhizome made of starch, beneficial to the blood and regulate the Chong), the lotus peduncle (petiole petiole, to clear the summer heat and water), the lotus leaf (foliage, summer heat and dampness and stopping the bleeding), the lotus (to promote the blood and stop bleeding), the lotus seed (stamens, to clear the heart and astringent), lotus room (maturity). (astringent), Lotus Room (ripe receptacle, disperses blood stasis, stops bleeding and dispels dampness), Lotus Seed (seed, strengthens the spleen and benefits the kidneys), Lotus Seed Heart (germ, clears fire from the heart). Another example is the Green Mullein, Tian Xian Teng, and Aristolochia, which are used as medicines respectively. Some have different medicinal properties, such as ephedra sweating, root to stop sweating.

Remove the non-medicinal parts: remove the root, remove the stem, remove the skin and shell, remove the hair, remove the heart, remove the reed, remove the nucleus, remove the head, tail, feet and wings, remove the remnants of the flesh and tendon membrane I. Flour simmering method

The drug will be wrapped in a wet sheet of flour, buried in hot talcum powder or sand mixing and stir-frying simmering until the surface of the charred black or charred yellow method is called flour simmering method, such as the nutmeg flour simmering method, the appropriate amount of flour will be wet and pressed into a thin slice of nutmeg, nutmeg by one package. Or use water to warm the surface of the nutmeg, such as water flood pill method wrapped in flour 3-4 layers, a little drying poured into the (100kg of drugs, talcum powder 50kg or sand appropriate amount) fried hot talcum powder or sand, stir-fried simmering at 170 ~ 190 ℃ for 20 minutes or so to the crust was charred yellow, remove sieve talcum powder or sand peeled off the crust, and let it cool, nutmeg simmering after the reduction of volatile oils by about 20%, free from slippery bowel. Irritation is small, reducing the toxic components of myristyl ether; methyl eugenol and methyl isoeugenol increase, solid bowel antidiarrheal effect enhancement; flour simmering horehound can be removed part of the fat oil, to avoid irritation of the intestinal tract, tannin increase, enhance the astringent nature, enhance the astringent bowel antidiarrheal efficacy for prolonged diarrhea and prolonged dysentery and prolapse of the anus, etc., with the traditional theory of simmering "warm stomach and solid bowel "is consistent.

Two, paper simmering method

Take the straw paper wetting the drugs wrapped in three layers, into the fire or fire ash in the explosion to the degree that the paper burns, peeling off the paper that is the method known as the paper simmering method. Paper simmering wood incense, take the undried wood incense pieces, in the wire plaque, a layer of straw paper a layer of wood incense pieces spaced flat several layers of pressure, placed in the fireplace fire, or drying room, with the fire or low-temperature baking simmering to the part of the volatile oils contained in the wood incense penetrate into the paper, remove and cool, wood incense simmering volatile oils reduced by 20%, refractive index, spinning luminosity, specific gravity, and other physical properties changed, simmering wood incense solid bowel antidiarrheal effect enhanced! Simmered ginger paper, take fresh ginger wrapped in straw paper, wet with water, placed in the stove simmering or baked on the stove top, to be burnt when the paper can be peeled off the paper, ginger simmered volatile oil reduced by about 20%, changed the nature of the force of the pungent dispersal is not as strong as the ginger, and the force of the warmth to stop the vomiting is more than the ginger for the win, ginger simmered to enhance the warming of the stomach and in the role of the moderated dispersal effect, apply to cold stomach vomiting and abdominal pain and then It is suitable for stomach cold vomiting and abdominal pain and diarrhea. Pure treatment: using picking, picking, bumping, sieving, scraping, brushing and other methods to remove ash, impurities and non-medicinal parts, so that the drug is clean and pure.

Crushing treatment: the use of pounding, grinding, pounds, filing and other methods, so that the drug crushed to meet the requirements of the preparation and other concoctions.

Cutting treatment: the use of cutting, guillotine method, the drug cut into certain specifications, to facilitate other concoctions, but also conducive to drying, storage and preparation of weighing. According to the nature of the herbs and medical needs, slicing has many specifications. The method of treating drugs with water or other liquid auxiliaries. The purpose of the water system is mainly to clean the herbs, soften the herbs in order to facilitate the cutting and adjustment of the medicinal properties. Commonly used are washing, drenching, soaking, rinsing, dipping, moistening, water flying and so on. The main content is as follows: washing: the herbs into the water, fast washing, remove floating debris and sinking dirt, and promptly fish out of the sun drying standby. In addition to a few soluble, or not easy to dry flowers, leaves, fruits and meat herbs, most need to wash.

Drinking: the herbs that are not suitable for soaking, sprinkle spray with a small amount of water to clean and soften them.

Soaking: herbs that are hard in texture are soaked in water for a period of time to soften them under the principle of ensuring their efficacy.

Moistening: also known as smothering or ambrosia. According to the softness and hardness of the texture of the herbs, processing temperature, tools, with showering, washing, soaking, drying, dipping, covering, voluntarily, dew, packet, compounding, double wetting and other methods, so that the water or other liquid auxiliary Xu Xu into the premise of no or little loss of efficacy, so that the herbs are softened, easy to cut the tablets.

Bleaching: The method of impregnating the drug in wide or long running water for a period of time and changing the water repeatedly to remove the fishy odor, salt and toxic ingredients. Method of treating the drug by heating with fire. This method is the most widely used method of concocting, commonly used fire method of frying, baking, calcining, simmering, baking, etc., the main contents are as follows:

Frying: there are frying yellow, frying charcoal, frying charcoal and other degrees of stir-frying method. In addition to the clear frying method, can also be mixed with solid auxiliary materials such as soil, bran, rice fried, can reduce the irritation of the drug, enhance the efficacy, such as soil fried atractylodes macrocephala, bran fried hedgehog, rice fried zebra fiber and so on. With sand or talcum powder, clam powder with the fried method used to be called hot, the drug is heated evenly crispy, easy to decoct the active ingredients or easy to take, such as sand fried pangshanjia, clam powder fried gelatin, and so on.

Hot: the herbs and liquid auxiliaries mixed fried, so that auxiliaries gradually penetrate into the internal concoction of the herbs. Roasting can change the nature of the medicine, enhance the efficacy or reduce side effects.

Calcined: the herbs will be calcined directly or indirectly with fierce fire, so that the texture is brittle, easy to crush, and give full play to the therapeutic effect. Calcination method has bright calcination (direct calcination) and closed calcination or stewed calcination (indirect calcination) of different.

Simmering: the herbs wrapped in wet flour, wet paper, into the hot ashes of the fire to heat, or with the straw paper and tablets in separate layers of heating method, known as simmering method.

Baking: the method of heating the herbs with a slight fire to make them dry is called baking. Common water-fire **** system includes steaming, boiling, PPP, quenching and so on. Cooking: is the use of water or liquid auxiliaries and drugs *** with the heating method. Such as vinegar boiled coriander, wine boiled scutellaria.

Steaming: is the use of water vapor or water heating method of drugs. Those who do not add auxiliary materials, known as steaming; add auxiliary materials, known as auxiliary steaming. The duration of heating depends on the purpose of the concoction.

PPPPing: a method of quickly placing the drug into boiling water for a short scribble and immediately removing it. Commonly used in the peeling of seed drugs and fleshy juicy drugs drying treatment. Such as PPPPP almonds, peach kernels to peel; PPPPP amaranth, asparagus in order to dry storage.

Quenching: is the drug calcined red, quickly into the cold water or liquid auxiliary, so that the method of crisp. Quenching is not only easy to crush, and auxiliary materials are absorbed, can play the expected therapeutic effect. Such as vinegar quenching natural copper, turtle shells, Huanglian boiled juice quenching glycerite and so on. In addition to repair, water system, fire system, water and fire **** system other than some special system, are summarized in this category. Commonly used are frosting, fermentation, germination and so on.

Frost: seed herbs pressed to oil or mineral herbs after recrystallization of the product, known as frost. Its corresponding concoction is called frost. The former is as in the case of croton cream and the latter is as in the case of watermelon cream.

Fermentation: the herbs and auxiliary materials and mixing, placed in a certain humidity and temperature, the use of mold to make it foam, mold, and change the medicinal properties of the original drug, in order to produce a new drug method, known as fermentation. Such as Shenqu, tempeh.

Germination: the ability to germinate the seeds of medicinal herbs soaked in water, often maintain a certain humidity and temperature, so that the germination of young shoots, known as germination. Such as grain buds, malt, soybean yellow rolls, etc..