Introduction to Common Innovative Thinking Methods

The internal mechanism and formation process of innovative thinking follow the self-organization evolution process of complex systems. What are the common innovative ways of thinking? The following is the basic meaning and common forms of innovative thinking I prepared for you, for reference only! ? ? The basic meaning of innovative thinking mode innovation is a word with very high frequency in today's world. It comes from Latin and contains three meanings (1) update. (2) creating new things; (3) change.

Thinking thinking refers to the process of cognitive activities such as analysis, synthesis, judgment and reasoning on the basis of appearances and concepts, or various cognitive activities that point to rationality.

Obviously, innovative thinking is a kind of primitive thinking, that is, the human brain's exploration of the unknown components of objective things, and it is an activity that the human brain discovers and puts forward new problems, designs new methods, creates new ways and solves new problems.

There are many common forms (or types) of innovative thinking, and only a few common and main forms or types are introduced to you.

Innovative thinking mode (1) reverse thinking

Reverse thinking refers to the innovative way of thinking that is opposite to the existing things or theories, and it is the most important and basic way of innovative thinking. What did the ancients know about the development of things and their understanding? No doubt, no doubt, so we can enter? 、? If you have doubts, you can enter, and if you don't have doubts, you can't enter? , what else? Big doubts and big advances, small doubts and small advances? Famous words and teachings. In other words, no problem? Life is dull and boring, and you can't afford to splash waves. If a person can't find a problem or solve it, his life and even his career must be a mess.

Using reverse thinking can be grasped from three points.

First, in the face of new problems, we can reverse the usual way of thinking and think in a way that common sense seems to be opposite and impossible. ? Oil-water incompatibility Even today, it is still regarded as common sense. Is oil and water really incompatible? In the printing industry, people think the opposite. It was found that oil and water were inconsistent through conventional stirring, but the problem was solved by mixing oil and water with ultrasonic technology and adding some active agents.

Second, in the face of problems that can't be solved for a long time or problems that have plagued us for a long time, we should not think along the inherent concepts formed by our predecessors or ourselves for a long time, so that our thinking becomes narrower and narrower, but should? Lost? That is to come back from the existing thinking and find a solution to the problem in the opposite direction. There is a man named Nakata in Japan. He wants to invent a ballpoint pen and try to solve the most troublesome oil leakage problem in ballpoint pens. Thinking hard for a long time, I just can't find a solution. Later, when he came back, he felt that the ballpoint pen leaked oil, usually after writing 20 thousand words. Then, don't you solve the problem by making a ballpoint pen that is used up after writing 20 thousand words? After the new ballpoint pen came out, it was really popular with people.

Third, what can we do in the face of those special problems that cannot be solved for a long time? Fight poison with poison? The solution is not to find a solution to this problem from another problem, but on the contrary, to find a solution to this problem from this problem itself. The establishment and practice of immune theory is the result of this way of thinking. At that time, faced with the plague that seriously threatened the lives of millions of people, many scientists were looking for a drug to prevent and treat the plague, but Pasteur did the opposite, injecting a small amount of vaccine into people or animals to enhance their immunity and achieve the effect of epidemic prevention. Pasteur succeeded.

Reverse thinking is a scientific and complicated thinking method. Therefore, when using it, we must have a comprehensive, in-depth and meticulous understanding of the object we are thinking about and analyze it according to the specific situation. Never make the mistake of simplification, which can only lead to fallacies, and has nothing to do with the need for rigorous and scientific innovative thinking.

Innovative way of thinking (2) divergent thinking

Divergent thinking was first developed by American scientist and philosopher Tobas? Kang En proposed and founded it.

Divergent thinking refers to keeping active and open thinking in the study of things or problems.

As an innovative way of thinking, it is not only an important way of thinking used in scientific research and technological invention, but also an important way of thinking used in economic and social development and enterprise management. At the same time, it is also an important way of thinking that each of us should master and use in a successful career.

Divergent thinking, in layman's terms, means thinking from multiple directions, extending from the center in all directions along a straight line, from one point to another, and from one side to the other.

If innovation is the soul of a nation, divergent thinking is the cornerstone of innovation. It is a typical artistic thinking, which can make us full of passion (romance) for work, life and study. It is the birthplace of wisdom (humor) and a paradise for fun (humor).

For example: On Liu Yong? Husband? One day, Emperor Qianlong went down to the south of the Yangtze River and saw a farmer passing by with a hoe, so he asked around. Who is this? He Kun stepped forward and answered:? He is a farmer. ? Gan long asked again:? This farmer's

How to write the word husband?

He Kun slightly puzzled. I didn't know what the emperor meant by this question, so I immediately answered: The farmer's husband, that is, two horizontal and one left pressure. It is the same as the husband of sedan chair, the husband of Confucius, the husband of husband and wife, and the husband of man. ? Hearing this, Qianlong shook his head and waved his hand, saying, as a prime minister, you have no talent, how can you connect one? Husband? I can't solve anything! ? Turn your face and say: Liu Yong, what do you say, farmer's? Husband? What does the word mean?

Liu Yong saw the emperor call the roll and asked him to answer, so he stepped forward unhurriedly and replied:? The farmer is an excavator, so the word is soil above and herringbone below; A porter is a person who carries a bamboo pole on his shoulders. They have to write Chinese characters first, and then add two poles. Confucius knew astronomy above and geography below, and was honored as the husband of heaven. Husband and wife are two people, and they are soul mates. A man is the name of people all over the world. He can carry a boat or overturn it. To be a gentleman, he should add one to the big characters. The usage is different, and the writing is different. Can we confuse them? Hearing this, Ganlong clapped his hands and laughed and praised him. You are a great college student. ?

Another example is: "Dig the wall and steal the light". People have been talking about Kuang Heng since it was discovered?

Someone said:? This man is too pretentious. What does he do with so much time during the day? Why do you read at night? Are you out of your mind?

Someone said:? A stupid donkey is too poor to light a lamp. What else can he read? I will go to the seaside to buy tickets. ?

Some said:? Isn't Kuang Heng trying to become famous? So his motivation is not pure, since childhood. What will happen to him when he grows up?

Some said:? This man is too clever to steal light. You should really be careful of him in the future! ?

Others said:? You guys, don't be fascinated by superficial phenomena. I think it's true that he stole the wall light and peeped at privacy!

Innovative way of thinking (3) Associative thinking

Associative thinking is to match (build) a bridge of understanding between unrelated things and connect seemingly unrelated things, thus achieving the situation of innovative thinking.

This kind of associative thinking can make us expand our thinking, sublimate our understanding and grasp the law.

(1) is close to association. In other words, one thing is easily associated with another thing that is close in time or space. What are we made of? Spring and March? Easy to think of? Peach blossom? By who? Tiananmen? Easy to think of? Great Hall of the People? . Seeing geese flying south, it is easy to think whether I can go back to my hometown in the south like geese. Is the sum of the outer angles of a triangle 360? Is it easy to think that the sum of the external angles of quadrilateral and polygon is also 360? Some important inventions can be said to be the result of associative thinking. For example, Luban was inspired by weeds that can cut human skin on the mountain and created a saw; Inspired by the flight of birds and dragonflies, people invented airplanes, inspired by the fact that fish can rise and fall in water, invented diving boats, and so on.

② Contrast and association. In other words, one thing is associated with another thing with opposite characteristics. Such as: from friends to enemies, from water to fire, from war to peace.

③ Similar association. That is, one thing thinks of another that is close to or similar to its nature. For example, think about the development and utilization of waves, fish, ships, submarine cables and resources in the sea.

④ Relational association. That is, the associative thinking formed by various relations of things. Like "? Money? The origin and connection of.

In ancient times, the earliest currency used in commerce was shells. Its value depends on the size, quality and quantity of shells. In Shuo Wen,? Is the Qin Dynasty going to waste money? (Qin dynasty, Qin empire 22 BC1). Although shells have been abolished, but in Chinese characters? Bay? When the word is partial, it is still related to money.

Goods? Commodities? . By who? Change? With what? Bay? Composition. Change, change also; Commodities became money. As the saying goes:? If the goods don't stay, the money comes, and small profits but quick turnover can still make a fortune. ?

Make money? Earn? . By who? Bay? With what? Concurrent? Composition. A dictionary? Concurrent? Can you do it? Add a place? 、? Merge? Solution? Earn? Is to increase, double the money.

? Greed? By who? Today? And then what? Bay? Composition. ? Today? It means now and now. Those who are eager for quick success and instant benefit only seek the present, regardless of the future; It's selfish to focus on making money regardless of the consequences. Have money today, spend it today. Greed? Is the root of all evil. People die for money? It comes from greed.

? Poverty? Any news? Integral? And then what? Bay? Composition, money is squandered, money is divided and dispersed, which will lead to poverty and poverty.

Gambler? Gambling? , shell, money also; People, people also. When people are free, they gamble when they have money, and play with money when they play with it.

Thinking about the structure of money is really enlightening. Money, in Xuan's words: Next to Brother Jin, there are two real killers, who are not since the enlightenment. ? A gentleman makes money in a right way. Take it without a way and be greedy. Sooner or later, right? Murder? One day. ? There have always been celebrities, no anonymous money. That's the truth.

Innovative thinking mode (4) Longitudinal thinking (deep thinking or deep thinking)

The development of anything and its connection with other things always presents a vertical trend and a horizontal trend. Vertical situation, that is, vertical thinking and horizontal thinking, is an important innovative way of thinking to understand the development of things and connect with other things.

Vertical thinking, in layman's terms, is to deepen and explore innovative ways of thinking in deep areas on the basis of existing goals and directions.

Lao Tzu said:? Digging 7 wells is not as good as a spring, and the wells are useless. ? (Well is the unit of measurement, and 7 wells are about a little more than 20 feet. ) 7 wells are abandoned without water, while 7. 1 well is flooded with fresh water, which is a good well. Success is often only a little short. It can be seen that this is often the difference between success. It must be remembered that you should never be discouraged. To lose heart is to give up all previous efforts.

The innovative thinking method of deep thinking is not only helpful and meaningful for us to make great inventions, but also plays an important role in strengthening our moral cultivation and shaping our personality image. For example:

Modern Chinese Dictionary's explanations of the words "vulgar", "immortal" and "Buddha" seem to have no emotional color or fresh flavor. If we think deeply in combination with the practice of moral cultivation, the result will be very different.

Vulgar: Zuo Ren You Gu. The first layer means that food is the most important thing for people, and grains are the most important thing for people. Second, if the world's mentality falls into a trough, it is not extraordinary, and it is destined to be mortal and ordinary people.

Xi 'an: Zuoren You Shan. The first meaning is that people must go to a secluded place, that is, the mountains, if they want to cultivate themselves. Only in a secluded place can they practice in the mountains and become immortals. Second, if the world's mentality, value orientation and goals keep climbing, up the mountain and up the hill, it is possible to become immortal.

Buddha: Zuo Renfu is a friend. Fu is not. It means that Buddha is not a mortal, not an ordinary person. When people are round, they become buddhas. ? So, the sixth ancestor Huineng said, an idea? Sleep? , that is, Buddha, a thought? Fan? , is sentient beings.

Another example: eyes, ears, nose, tongue and heart.

Eyes: People have two eyes, and they are parallel, so we should look at people equally. You can neither look up at the sea nor look down on people like a dog.

Ears: People have two ears, which are juxtaposed left and right, so they can't listen to one side of the story.

Nose: There are two holes in the tip of a person's nose. Don't vent your breath through another person's nostrils.

Tongue: people only have one tongue, so they can't speak in two ways, one is yin and the other is yang; Face to face, behind.

Heart: People only have one heart, but they have two atria, so they should not only think for themselves, but also for others.

Innovative way of thinking (5) Inspiration thinking

Inspirational thinking refers to a creative way of thinking that is inspired by something in the contact and thinking of things.

Like sudden thinking, it is an innovative way of thinking that often appears and is used in scientific research and literary creation, and it is also an innovative way of thinking that often appears and is used in economic and social development and life.

Because this innovative way of thinking is fleeting and accidental, we should be good at grasping this fleeting inspirational thinking and make in-depth thinking and research on it to promote the emergence of new things or the solution of difficult problems.

I have personal experience in this respect. When I was a soldier in 1978, I was very worried about writing an article explaining that criticism and praise are also beneficial to a person's growth and progress. Even for many days, I can't eat well and sleep well. Write and throw, throw and write again. One day, when I was a duty officer and lit a tea stove to boil water, my heart lit up and I was suddenly enlightened, and there was a spark of thought or inspiration. So, a philosophical paper? The application for "packaging and slag removal" was sent to the Military Region's "Advance" and was published and used soon. After reading it, the leaders and comrades unanimously commented: profound meaning and strong philosophy.

At the turn of the century, with the continuous development of science and technology and the continuous prosperity of commodity production, according to the prediction of sales experts in some economically developed countries, by the end of this century, with the accelerated progress of science and technology, 80%-90% of the current products will be sold at low prices, or forced to be sold at low prices, or forced to be completely eliminated, and replaced by more high-end products with new functions. This requires breaking through the traditional thinking mode and carrying out innovative thinking of products. Here are eight methods for your reference.

1, reverse thinking. Contrary to forward-looking thinking, he thinks about the development of Kunming products from the opposite angle, taking the ultimate goal of the market as the starting point of product research, thinking about the present for realizing the future and grasping the starting point for Kunming to reach the end.

2. Psychological thinking. Grasping people's psychological pursuit to develop and create new products can often receive wonderful market effects.

3. Tracking thinking. It is to find the development and innovation of future products through the follow-up investigation of social consumption signs and comprehensive analysis and thinking.

4. Alternative thinking. A product has been proved to be outdated and backward in consumption practice, and people hope to have something new and better to replace it. Once another new product that is superior to or completely different from this product comes out, the sales in Kunming market will often be unexpectedly good and the economic benefits will be unexpectedly high.

5. Materialist thinking. There is a phenomenon: a football duster hit the wall and suddenly turned back due to the influence of reaction force, and retreated a certain distance along the original direction. The greater the reaction force, the further the return distance. Kun physicists call this? Object pole principle? .

6. Divergent thinking. It is to start from a certain research thinking object, fully spread the wings of imagination, and involve pigs in the vast field of comparative association, close association and similar association from one point to many points, thus forming a fan-shaped development pattern of Kunming products and producing a number of innovative achievements. Wu Hao and Xu Yang gave an example of Kunzi. After a hundred years of weathering and transformation, the Statue of Liberty in the United States has 200 tons of garbage that is difficult to dispose of. A man named Kunstark contracted the job. He classified the waste materials, made the scrap copper skin into commemorative coins, made the scrap lead and aluminum into commemorative rulers, and put the cement fragments and wood in delicate and transparent boxes as souvenirs with Kun significance for people to buy. All this medicine is related to the world famous? The Statue of Liberty? To contact. In this way, Kun developed several very popular commemorative new products from those worthless and difficult-to-treat garbage, and Stark also benefited a lot from it. This divergent innovative technology, which turned waste into treasure, became a beautiful talk for a while and inspired many entrepreneurs' product development behavior.

7. Negative thinking. ? Negation is the mother of innovation. Denying your past means creating a better future. The same is true of product innovation.

8. Multi-channel thinking. It is to let the multi-channel innovative thinking in the mind focus on a certain central point and launch an innovative offensive to a certain focus in product development.

Teach you several innovative ways of thinking. The modern passenger plane installs the stabilizer near the nose and the propeller at the tail to promote the streamlined fuselage of the wing tip suspension system, which not only improves the flight speed, but also eliminates the stall and spin and improves the flight safety. If the position of the propeller and the stabilizer wing is recombined, that is, the propeller is placed at the top of the fuselage and the stabilizer wing is installed at the tail, it becomes the structure of the helicopter. This type of thinking mode that produces new results by recombining the structure of things or the operating procedures formed by things is called reorganization.

Reorganization is essentially an invention and creation activity. Einstein, a famous scientist, once said: Combination (recombination) is the essential feature of creative thinking. Reorganization is the main way of invention and creation in today's society.

Adjustment and choice are two thinking principles of reorganization.

Adjustment: the nature and function of things are determined by structure. To change the present situation of things, we must break the original pattern, reconsider the combination of their structures, and make them form new properties and functions to meet the needs of the development of the new situation or people's new needs.

Choose the best among the best: in the process of considering adjustment, there are often multiple schemes. After repeatedly weighing the pros and cons and feasibility demonstration, the best scheme was selected. The so-called optimal scheme is a scheme that meets the development needs of the new situation or people's new needs to the greatest extent.

There are two modes of thinking in reorganization:

Structural reorganization mode structure includes quantity, shape, material, etc. Reorganizing them is the mode of structural reorganization.

Program reorganization mode, such as changing the original operating program 1, 2,3,4,5 to 1, 3,5,2,4 or even 5,4,3,2, 1?

The Osborne list method named after Osborne, the father of American creationism, is the concentrated embodiment of the above two reorganization modes. Osborne checklist method, also known as questioning method, is an invention method formed by reorganizing the structure or sequence of existing products or inventions from nine angles: material, color, smell, sound, shape and its size, weight, thickness, up and down, left and right, or front and back.

China researchers Li Xu Yan and Zhang Fukui put forward the following views? 12 clever way? , further improved and developed the Osborne checklist method.

One plus one can add something to this thing?

Can you subtract something from this thing?

What will happen if we expand this thing?

What happens when you shrink this thing?

What happens if you change the shape, color, sound and smell? What if we change the order?

What are the shortcomings of changing this thing that need to be improved?

What can be achieved by linking something or things together?

What if you learn to imitate the structure of other things? What are the results of learning its principles and techniques?

What can be passed down from generation to generation?

Move it. Move these things to other places. Can they be used for other purposes?

What happens if you turn a thing or thing upside down, upside down, left and right upside down, front and back upside down, and inside and out anyway?

Do you need to specify something to solve a problem or improve something?

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