Different architectural styles and characteristics

Characteristics of different architectural styles:

1, Mediterranean architectural style

Leisure, romance but no lack of tranquility are the essence of the lifestyle contained in Mediterranean-style architecture. Mediterranean architecture originally refers to the architecture on the northern shore of the Mediterranean in Europe, especially the houses in the southern coastal areas of Spain, Portugal, France, Italy and Greece. These buildings along the Mediterranean coast are combined with local rural buildings to form the classic architectural styles in Provence, France and Tuscany, Italy. Later, after this architectural style was integrated into the architectural features of other parts of Europe, it gradually evolved into a symbol of luxury houses. Leisure, romance but no lack of tranquility are the essence of the lifestyle contained in Mediterranean-style architecture.

Corridor, extending to the end, turning vertically; Semi-circular tall arches, or several connected or vertically connected; Hollow out the wall through perforation or semi-perforation. These are the three most common elements in Mediterranean architecture.

Mediterranean-style architecture abandons flashy stones and adopts red tiles and white walls to create a simple texture that blends with nature.

Mediterranean style from the architectural form, there are often many asymmetric designs, especially Spanish-style buildings, which adopt many arc structures. The facade is warm and mellow in color, concise and rich in texture. The building contains many cloisters, frames and observation decks. Mediterranean style is particularly delicate in the handling of details, and spiral structural accessories are often widely used in Spanish architecture. In addition, rounded corners are often used in Mediterranean buildings to make the facade more dynamic, with large floor-to-ceiling windows and small windows decorated with rust-proof wrought iron, and cultural stones and special paints are used for the external walls; The terrace adopts arc railings, etc. Decorative chimneys have a traditional British flavor.

2. Italian architectural style

Italian architecture has made great progress in architectural technology, scale and type, and architectural artistic techniques. No matter in building space, building components or architectural appearance decoration, it embodies a kind of order, a kind of law and a unified concept of space.

Italian style, popular in the second half of the19th century, is generally square or nearly square, with a gentle red tile roof and a deep eaves, under which there are large brackets (also called brackets). The eaves are exquisitely carved and magnificent. Not only is it beautiful, but it can also prevent the rain from getting wet on the eaves and external walls and changing color, so that the appearance always looks bright and clean and pollution-free. An ordinary Italian-style building with a semi-circular closed porch on the side facing the garden. French windows connect the indoor and outdoor gardens into a whole, and above the porch is a semi-circular terrace on the second floor.

Italian architecture is particularly delicate in the handling of details, close to the pulse of nature, making it have eternal vitality. Among them, wrought iron is a highlight of Italian architecture, and there are cast iron flowers between balconies and windows, which not only maintains the characteristics of Roman architecture, but also sublimates the charm of architecture as a residence. Spires, columns, reliefs? It shows the ancient and magnificent sense of history of Italian architecture.

3. French architectural style

French architecture often does not pursue simple coordination, but advocates the beauty of conflict and presents a romantic and elegant style.

Another feature of French architecture is that it has a strict grasp of the overall aspects of the building and is good at carving details. French architecture is classic, not fashionable, and it has been preserved after hundreds of years of historical screening and time polishing. French architecture is very elegant,

Noble romance is based on the consideration of ideal situation and the pursuit of poetic architecture, and strives to give people a profound infection in temperament. The style tends to be solemn and generous. The whole building mostly adopts symmetrical modeling, with magnificent momentum, luxurious and comfortable living space, and the roof mostly adopts Sha Meng style, with a turning slope, which is gentle up and steep down. There are many exquisite tiger windows on the roof, which are round or pointed and have different shapes. Most of the exterior walls are decorated with stone or imitation stone, and the details are treated with French colonnade, carved flowers and lines, with exquisite craftsmanship. French architecture presents a romantic and elegant style.

4. British architectural style

English architecture is flexible and natural, and the artistic colors of blue, gray and green endow the architecture with dynamic rhythm and aesthetic feeling.

Light green grass, dark green Woods, golden wheat fields, churches dotted with spires and small buildings with red roofs constitute the most basic pattern of English countryside.

Most buildings in Britain have red bricks outside, and the roofs are sloping and dark gray. There are also walls painted white, very dark white or can be called "gray". Houses are generally brick and wood structures, and reinforced concrete buildings are rare. British buildings have good thermal insulation, mainly because the wall of the building is three layers and the outer layer is red brick; The middle layer is a heat insulation layer, made of thick sponge or thin sponge with metal heat insulation layer; The inner layer is light gray brick, which is thicker. The thermal insulation performance of the wall constructed in this way can be imagined. In winter, as long as the room is heated, it will heat up immediately, and the room is very warm.

The main structure wall of English villa is concrete block, with simple building lines, dignified building colors and unique style. The use of architectural languages and symbols such as sloping roofs, tiger windows, parapets (referring to low walls above roofs) and sun rooms fully explains the solemnity and simplicity unique to English architecture. The steep top with double slopes, deep eaves, exposed wood, frames and brick corners are the main features of British architecture. Lush lawns and flowers and trees set off colorful hungry red walls, white windows and black tiles, which are elegant and solemn. The building materials are handmade red bricks, carbon-baked logs, wrought iron railings and handmade window decorations, which are full of natural atmosphere.

5. German architectural style

Modern German architecture is concise, bright, solemn in color, attaches importance to quality and function, and occupies an important position in modern world architecture.

Relatively pure German architectural design has several basic characteristics: first, it is concise and modern, full of vitality, bold and fashionable in color, and belongs to modern Jian Yuepai; Second, the function is practical, and any decoration that is considered redundant is almost abandoned; Third, the quality of materials is excellent, and materials and new technologies imported from Germany are adopted, paying attention to environmental protection and sustainable development; The fourth is to pay attention to detail design.

6. North American architectural style

The North American style developed in China is more reflected in the villa format. North American villa has developed into a unique style that is both simple and elegant, and combines various architectural essences, which fully embodies the characteristics of simplicity, generosity and relaxation, and the residence is very humanized.

The obvious features of North American architecture are large windows, attics, sloping roofs, rich colors and smooth lines. Neighborhood atmosphere pursues leisure, vitality, freedom and openness. The building volume of American villas is generally larger than that of English villas; American villas are mostly wooden structures, reflecting the sense of countryside; Use visual symbols of typical North American architecture, such as gable, double-fold roof and Gothic spire; The characteristics of residential buildings are highly personalized and diversified.

7. Neoclassical architectural style

Neo-classicism is a combination of classicism and modernity, and its essence comes from classicism, but it is not antique or retro, but pursues the spirit likeness.

Neoclassicism is the product of modern changes in western architectural art, which is a reaction to the exquisite and flashy rococo art fashion in the18th century, aiming at revitalizing contemporary art with ancient Roman culture, advocating noble and simple ideas and heroism of dying for the country. Compared with the classical elements of Roman architecture, neoclassicism can be said to be a master of the essence of world architecture in terms of cornices, plaid flowers and lines, because neoclassicism combines the beauty of people praised by classicism and Renaissance architecture, and the proportion of buildings strictly conforms to the golden ratio of human body. This is also the reason why neoclassicism is still widely adopted by the world and is constantly developing and evolving. Nowadays, neoclassical architectural works have gone beyond the rigidity of "European style" and the roughness of "modern simplicity", with more refined design and more elegant and refined taste.

8. New China architectural style

Traditional architecture in China advocates "harmony between man and nature", pays attention to the "quietness" and "cleanness" of residence, the tranquility of environment and the implication of architecture.

Generally speaking, new buildings in China can be divided into two schools: the courtyard school in the north and the garden school in the south. The courtyard buildings in the north adopt the gray sloping roof, cheese tile and courtyard wall with a certain height in the appearance of Beijing quadrangle; Most of them are made of gray bricks with strong regional colors, forming a magnificent momentum; The spatial structure is to pursue the fully enclosed form of quadrangles and design courtyard space as much as possible. The Southern Landscape Architecture School is unique in the world with its gardening concept of "harmony between man and nature", exquisite landscape and spatial treatment methods. Most of the buildings in this school are based on Suzhou gardens, and pavilions and pavilions are also modeled after Suzhou gardens. Landscape construction techniques draw lessons from common landscape treatment techniques in gardens. White walls and blue tiles, tall horsehead walls and cornices are the outstanding features of the building. The overall architectural image can be described as "white walls and tiles".

9. Modernist architectural style

Modernist architecture creates vivid architectural expression with simple shapes and lines. Through towering building facades and building materials with strong metallic texture, residents' sense of showing off wealth is accumulated, and the sense of city and modernity is displayed through internationally popular hue and asymmetry techniques. The color division of vertical lines and the purely abstract collection style are simple and tough, creating a tall and straight community image. The undulating architectural layout is ups and downs, simple and relaxed, comfortable and natural. Emphasizing the sense of the times is its greatest feature. 10, comprehensive architectural style

Groups with different architectural styles are merged together, and then matched garden landscapes are created in different areas, so that the whole community reflects strong exotic customs. The combination of different architectural styles and colorful garden art, reasonably applied in the planning and design of real estate, has achieved different local styles, made great contributions to the "expression" of a city, and added a series of beautiful landscapes to the city.

Italian style: gentle slope roof, deep eaves, arch under eaves, red tiles, window covering lines with stone, and exterior walls with paint.

Spanish style: the building is round, which makes the facade of the building more dynamic, and it is equipped with Spanish-style floor-to-ceiling wide landscape windows. The facade of the building is white and beige, and the outer wall is made of cultural stone and paint. A sloping roof with red and khaki tiles as the main color. The overall color of Spain is warm and colorful.

French style: pay attention to symmetrical layout, beautiful proportion, magnificent momentum and luxurious and comfortable living space. Noble and elegant style. Steep slopes, blue-gray tiles. Long windows and large floor-to-ceiling windows are mostly used as window types. There are often beautiful tiger windows on the roof. The facade material is mainly stone or paint.

English: Steep slope roof, facade decorated with red purple sand split brick, and blue-gray shale brick on the roof.