What are the characteristics of fruit tree nutrition and fertilization? What are the fertilization methods for fruit trees? )

Different from field crops and vegetable crops, fruit trees are pere

What are the characteristics of fruit tree nutrition and fertilization? What are the fertilization methods for fruit trees? )

Different from field crops and vegetable crops, fruit trees are perennial woody plants with long growth cycle. In its whole life cycle, all kinds of fruit trees have to go through the process of growth, fruiting, renewal and aging. In the cycle of one year, there are different phenological periods, such as germination, germination, flowering, fruiting, maturity and dormancy. At different growth stages, there are different phenological periods such as flowering, fruiting, maturity and dormancy. At different growth stages, various fruit trees have different nutritional characteristics, but compared with field crops and vegetable crops, fruit trees have the following nutritional characteristics:

(1) absorbs a lot of nutrients. In order to meet the growth and development of its aboveground and underground parts and provide a large number of fruits every year, fruit trees absorb a lot of nutrients from the soil every year, especially adult fruit trees.

(2) Sustained consumption of nutrients. The growth cycle of fruit trees is very long. Generally, the same plant will continue to grow for decades on the same land. Because fruit trees have the characteristics of fixed position and continuous absorption of nutrients, they often cause excessive consumption of some nutrient elements in the soil. Therefore, it must be supplemented in time through fertilization. Otherwise, some trace elements (such as iron, boron and zinc) will be lacking, which will affect the fruit yield and quality. In addition, the orchard should pay attention to the proper application of a large number of element fertilizers, and also apply corresponding trace element fertilizers according to the agrochemical characteristics of specific soil and the reaction of fruit tree varieties to trace elements.

(3) Need to store nutrients before winter. Fruit trees are huge. In their roots, branches and stems, besides carbohydrates, they also store a lot of nutrients, including nitrogen compounds and various mineral elements. The germination, flowering and growth of fruit trees in early spring mainly consume the nutrients stored in the trees. Therefore, after the fruit is harvested and before the defoliation, base fertilizer should be applied as early as possible, mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by some nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, so that rich nutrients can be stored in the tree for use in the early spring of next year, which has a certain effect on improving the flowering and fruit setting rate, promoting the robust growth of branches, expanding fruits and increasing production. Early application of base fertilizer to fruit trees is also beneficial to promote flower bud differentiation and overcome the phenomenon of fruit trees bearing fruit in different years.

(4) Deep nutrient absorption capacity is strong. Pay attention to this characteristic when fertilizing fruit trees. At the same time, fruit trees have developed roots, deep humanistic soil, strong ability to absorb fertilizer, and stronger adaptability to external environmental conditions than field crops and vegetable crops. Adult fruit trees, in particular, can absorb some nutrients from the lower soil to supplement the deficiency of nutrients in the upper soil. When fertilizing fruit trees, we should not only consider the surface soil, but also consider the soil nutritional status of a large number of root distribution layers. Fertilizers should be applied to a certain depth, especially phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with low fluidity, so as to facilitate root absorption and improve the yield-increasing efficiency of fertilizers. (5) There are great differences in tree nutrition. Fruit trees are usually propagated by grafting. Different rootstocks have different abilities to absorb nutrients from soil. Different scion varieties have different fertilizer requirements.

(6) It has the nutritional characteristics of annual cycle. Fruit trees are perennial crops, and the nutritional characteristics of their annual cycle are as follows: the demand is the highest in the early stage of growth (germination, flowering and rapid growth of branches and leaves), and then it begins to decline, and a certain amount of nitrogen is still needed after fruit harvesting; The content of phosphorus increased in the growth period, but the demand did not change much until the later period. The content of potassium is more in the early growth stage, and the absorption peak of potassium is in the middle growth stage.