What teaching methods are used in the teaching process?

1. Teaching method based on language transmission

(1) teaching method. This teaching method is a way for teachers to impart knowledge to students through the language system. Including telling, explaining, reading aloud, speaking and other specific forms. Teaching method is the most common teaching method. Teaching methods have two functions: transmitting knowledge and controlling students' cognitive activities. Through these functions, we can develop students' intelligence, stimulate students' learning motivation, cultivate students' interest in learning, and make students' thinking activities in a positive state. While they are thinking nervously, they are also feeling the pleasure of seeking knowledge. Teachers can promote students to master knowledge and realize the value of knowledge through analysis, comparison, induction and deduction, comprehensive generalization, and highlighting key points, key points, difficulties, ideas, laws and methods, and internalize it as a learning motivation.

(2) Talking methods. Also known as question-and-answer method, it is a teaching method for teachers to acquire new knowledge or consolidate knowledge and develop intelligence through question-and-answer dialogue between teachers and students according to certain teaching purposes and students' existing knowledge and experience. Conversation can be divided into two forms: retrospective conversation and enlightening conversation. Conversation can make teachers directly understand students' learning situation, help students think independently and cultivate students' expressive ability. Generally speaking, it takes a long time to talk in teaching, and students need to be prepared for knowledge. Therefore, in a class, the conversation method is generally combined with other teaching methods.

(3) Reading instruction method. This method is a way for teachers to guide students to acquire knowledge and develop their abilities by reading textbooks, reference books and extracurricular reading materials. Including guiding students to preview, review, read reference books, self-study teaching materials and other forms. Reading guidance is a good way to deepen understanding, firmly grasp knowledge, expand students' knowledge and cultivate students' self-study ability. When using this method, teachers should make clear the teaching objectives and give students reading methods. After students finish reading, teachers should organize students to communicate with each other according to the actual situation to deepen their understanding of the learning content.

2. Based on intuitive teaching methods

(1) demonstration method. This teaching method is a way for teachers to make students gain perceptual knowledge or confirm book knowledge through observation by showing various objects, intuitive teaching AIDS or doing demonstration experiments and actions. The demonstration method is divided into three forms. First, in order to make students have a perceptual knowledge of things, mainly through physical objects, wall charts, models and other demonstrations. Secondly, in order to let students know the process of development and change of things, modern teaching media such as slides, projectors and multimedia are mainly used. Third, the teacher's demonstration movements, such as physical education class's demonstration movements. Demonstration is accomplished by visual stimulation, so it is necessary to cultivate students' purposeful perceptual habits and promote the development of students' thinking ability. The application of demonstration method depends on certain material conditions, and as an auxiliary teaching method, it should be combined with teaching method and conversation method.

(2) Visiting method. This teaching method is a way for teachers to organize students to observe and study on the spot according to the needs of teaching content, so as to acquire knowledge or consolidate and verify what they have learned. There are three forms of tour: preparatory tour, parallel tour and summary tour. Visiting method can closely link classroom teaching with real life, help students better understand what they have learned, enrich their perceptual experience, broaden their horizons and receive vivid ideological and moral education in practice. During the visit, in order to prevent students from deviating from the purpose of the visit, teachers should strengthen their guidance during the visit, and arrange for students to discuss their experiences after the visit, or assign homework related to the visit.

3. Teaching methods based on practical training

(1) experimental method. This teaching method refers to the method that students use certain instruments and equipment to operate independently under the guidance of teachers, acquire knowledge through observation and research, and cultivate skills and technology. Experimental methods can be divided into perceptual experiments and confirmatory experiments, which are widely used in science teaching in middle schools, such as physics, chemistry, biology and other natural subjects. Experimental methods can not only cultivate students' hands-on operation ability and observation ability, but also help to cultivate students' love for science and scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts.

(2) Practice methods. This teaching method is a way for students to master knowledge and form skills in a certain place inside and outside the school under the organization and guidance of teachers. Practical methods have the characteristics of sensibility, comprehensiveness, independence and originality, and occupy an important position in natural science and technology disciplines, such as measurement practice in mathematics, production technology practice in physical chemistry, plant cultivation and animal breeding practice in biology class, topographic mapping practice in geography class and production technology practice in labor technology class. Practice method is conducive to implementing the principle of integrating theory with practice and cultivating students' independent working ability and working skills.

(3) practice. This teaching method is a teaching method for students to consolidate and apply knowledge and form skills under the guidance of teachers. Practice methods are divided into various oral exercises, written exercises, practical exercises, imitation exercises, independent exercises and creative exercises. Exercise method is based on certain knowledge and has the characteristics of repetition, which is widely used in teaching of various subjects. It not only enables students to consolidate and apply what they have learned and form certain skills and techniques, but also helps to cultivate students' perseverance to overcome difficulties and meticulous work attitude.

4. Teaching methods based on guided inquiry.

(1) discussion method. This teaching method is a way for teachers to guide students to express their views around a central topic in the form of groups or classes, exchange and learn with each other, and thus acquire knowledge. Through discussion, students can brainstorm, learn from each other's strong points, deepen their understanding of what they have learned and increase new knowledge, which is beneficial to enliven the classroom atmosphere, give play to students' initiative and enthusiasm, and develop their thinking ability and oral expression ability. At the same time, it is also conducive to cultivating students' interpersonal skills of democratic consultation and their ability to solve problems in cooperation.

(2) Research methods. This teaching method is a way for students to acquire knowledge and develop their abilities through independent exploration, creative analysis and problem solving under the guidance of teachers. When using research methods, teachers should provide necessary conditions for students to think independently, choose correct research topics, and let students think and explore problems independently.