What are the reasons for the difficulty of financing small and medium-sized enterprises?

1, small and medium-sized enterprises financing difficulties are the reasons?

Small and medium-sized enterprises financing difficulties in the analysis of deep-seated factors

1, the lack of modern business management concepts, high business risk.

2, small and medium-sized enterprises of the scale and low credit level, restricting its ability to finance.

3. Lack of property available for guarantee and mortgage, high cost of financing.

Cracking the small and medium-sized enterprises "financing difficulties" is actually not difficult!

First, financial innovation is the key. The focus of the current SME financing difficulties is a number of banks in small and medium-sized loan business has not yet been established, some banks in the big business approach, has not yet established a set of small and medium-sized customer screening and risk management system, in the specialized teams and personnel training, but also the lack of a large number of professionally trained and management personnel as well as effective incentives and constraints of the appraisal mechanism. To solve this problem, the key is to cultivate small and medium-sized financial institutions with small and medium-sized enterprises as their main clients, and some localities and financial departments should encourage the development of new financial institutions such as small enterprise investment and financing companies that are adapted to the characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises. Commercial banks, on the other hand, should actively promote note financing, credit loans, personal business loans, revolving line of credit loans, small business loans and other small and medium-sized enterprises tailored to the gold channel.

Secondly, the government in helping small and medium-sized enterprises in financing there is still much room for maneuver. In helping small and medium-sized economic relief should increase the public **** financial support, and in the risk assessment of small and medium-sized enterprises to solve the problem of financing difficulties. With the guidance of enterprises to use private capital to broaden the direct financing of small and medium-sized drainage actively set up loan companies to regulate the use of private capital.

In addition, small and medium-sized enterprises generally have a lack of credit is also an important factor in financing difficulties. Thus, small and medium-sized enterprises in the market economy should be honest and trustworthy, law-abiding business, standardized management, from the self-financing conditions, access to all aspects of financial support. In this way, in order to fundamentally crack the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Two, small and medium-sized enterprises financing difficulties is the reason why

Small and medium-sized enterprises financing difficulties are mainly in two aspects:

1. Internal environmental factors

: small scale, less capital, high business risks, low fund-raising ability, narrow sources of funds, very easy to appear difficult. Insufficient funds in turn affect the business activities, thus forming a vicious circle. Many small and medium-sized enterprise fund managers have low quality, simple management methods, unsound financial system, some even did not establish accounting accounts. These irregularities make it difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain the support of financial institutions, exacerbating the lack of enterprise funds. Small and medium-sized enterprise product technology content is low, the ability to avoid market risk is low, there is uncertainty in the business future. Once the market is in flux, SMEs are generally the first to go out of business. Small and medium-sized production costs are often higher than large enterprises, poor economic efficiency, market competitiveness is difficult to compete with large and medium-sized enterprises, their own weaknesses lead to a significant gap in capital mobilization with large and medium-sized enterprises.

2. External environmental factors: the financial system is not perfect, China's financial system to provide funds for enterprises with a high threshold. Small and medium-sized enterprise single borrowing amount is small, the bank to its creditworthiness to carry out a comprehensive, in-depth understanding of the loan unit costs to be expended is high, the management costs are high, bear a greater risk, resulting in commercial banks are generally reluctant to provide loans to small and medium-sized enterprises.

Commercial banks lack of competition among themselves and are only willing to lend funds to small risk, low cost, large amount of borrowing objects, otherwise they would rather reduce the amount of loans, but also unwilling to take the risk of granting loans to small and medium-sized enterprises.

Three, what are the reasons for the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises?

Small and medium-sized enterprises financing difficulties in the analysis of deep-seated factors

(a) small and medium-sized enterprises financing difficulties in the internal causes

1, the lack of modern business management concepts, high business risks. With the development of enterprises. The traditional business management methods used at the beginning of the venture have failed to keep pace with the development of the enterprise. Some small and medium-sized enterprises still exist in the corporate governance structure is not perfect, business management ability is not strong, product technology content is low, the enterprise risk resistance is weak and other problems, the lack of sustainable development ability, and small and medium-sized enterprise debt level as a whole is high, so as to make the financial institutions credit risk is too high. Generally speaking, SMEs do not have medium- and long-term goals, and their business behavior is short-term (generally only 3-4 years), with a high probability of closure or bankruptcy. According to a report released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in December 2009, according to a score of 10 out of 10, the average health index of China's SMEs is 6,57 points, in a sub-healthy state, and their internal management level is also in the middle and lower reaches of the level. Survey results from Zhejiang Province in China show that in the 1990s, about 70% of small businesses closed down and went bankrupt 1-3 years after opening. The short life cycle of small and medium-sized enterprises and business uncertainty, to a certain extent, inhibit the willingness of financial institutions to lend.

2, SMEs' scale and credit level is low, restricting their financing ability. Generally speaking, enterprise financing should have the "5C", namely, character, ability, capital, guarantee and business environment, but at present China's small and medium-sized enterprises are mostly used in the owner system and partnership system, the scale is small. At the same time, the internal management system of many SMEs, especially the financial management system, is not sound. Many SMEs have not established a sound financial system, and some of them have not even established accounting accounts, and the management of funds is relatively chaotic, which greatly reduces their creditworthiness and seriously weakens their financing ability. 2009 People's Bank of China's survey on some SMEs concentrated in the region shows that more than 50% of SMEs have unsound financial management systems, and more than 60% of SMEs have credit ratings of 3B or 3B or below. In addition, due to the lag in the construction of social credit collection system and credit information network system, the transmission channel of credit information is not smooth, which leads to the asymmetry of information between the two sides of banks and enterprises, and greatly reduces the credit fulfillment rate of SMEs.

3. Lack of collateralized property and high financing cost. Due to the bank's preference for SMEs' fixed assets mortgage, it is generally reluctant to accept SMEs' current assets mortgage. The asset structure of small and medium-sized enterprises in the fixed asset proportion is small, especially high-tech enterprises, intangible assets occupy a relatively high proportion of the lack of real estate that can be used as collateral, the risk is high, it is difficult to meet the financial institutions' lending requirements. When SMEs seek guarantees from guarantee organizations, most of the guaranteed loans have a term of less than half a year and the longest term is not more than one year; credit guarantee organizations basically only guarantee short-term working capital loans but not long-term loans such as equipment investment, which increases the difficulty of financing for SMEs. In addition, due to the guarantee company in the self-financing operation often improve the guarantee conditions, invariably limit the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises, or through the complicated guarantee procedures, the high cost of guarantee, increasing the cost of financing enterprises, affecting the financing efficiency.

(ii) the external causes of financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises

1, the defects of the financial institutions system. In China's financing pattern, bank loans in the source of enterprise financing holds an absolute proportion, and due to the rapid growth of credit balances in recent years, while the development of direct financing is relatively slow, the gap between the balance of loans and direct financing is getting bigger and bigger. As of October 2009, the proportion of bank loans and direct financing (including corporate bonds, stock debuts, additions and share placements) in China was 73% and 27%, respectively. And China's four major state-owned and state-controlled commercial banks are in a dominant position in the deposit and loan markets, and the four major state-owned commercial banks still hold more than 70% of the market share of bank loans. The high degree of monopoly of the four major state-owned banks reduces the financial resources available to small and medium-sized financial institutions, limiting their ability to serve small and medium-sized enterprises, while the large banks to pursue the scale of the loan efficiency and risk balance and reluctance to provide loans to small and medium-sized enterprises. According to statistics, at the present stage, China's large enterprises, which account for 0.5% of the total number of enterprises, have more than 50% of the share of loans, while small enterprises, which account for 88.1%, have less than 20% of the share of loans.

2, the defects of the capital market. From the point of view of direct financing channels. There are mainly two ways of bond financing and stock financing. Due to the late development of China's capital market, imperfect and slow development, enterprises through the stock market and bond market direct financing accounted for a smaller proportion. From the issuance of bonds to finance the situation, the state on the issuance of bonds to raise funds for the enterprise requirements are very strict, at present only a small number of good business conditions, good economic efficiency, good reputation of large state-owned enterprises can be financed through the bond market; stock market, although the creation of small and medium-sized enterprise board market and the Growth Enterprise Board market, but as of January 2010 the small and medium-sized enterprises listed on the board of directors * * * there are 346 companies, for the number of numerous The threshold of listing and financing for small and medium-sized enterprises is still very high. According to statistics. SME stock financing only accounts for about 1% of the total domestic financing, and the main way of financing for SMEs is still bank borrowing.

3, credit guarantee environment to a certain extent affects the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. At present, although there are more than 3,700 small and medium-sized enterprise guarantee institutions of various types, the total amount of guarantee is close to 200 billion yuan, the cumulative total for small and medium-sized enterprises to provide 1.35 trillion yuan of loans, but still can not effectively meet the demand for small and medium-sized enterprise guarantees, there is an urgent need to further strengthen the construction of the credit guarantee system. The lack and imperfection of the credit guarantee system affects the financing of SMEs to a certain extent. Although some places in China are trying to establish a credit guarantee system for small and medium-sized enterprises, they are all in the primary stage. In our country enterprise credit is low, small and medium-sized enterprise financing elements are incomplete, rely on small and medium-sized enterprises themselves have credit guarantee conditions, it is difficult to successfully complete the financing task.

4, the government's policy support is not enough is an important cause of small and medium-sized enterprise financing difficulties. The government's support for small and medium-sized enterprise financing is not enough. So far China has not introduced a complete law on small and medium-sized enterprises, resulting in a variety of ownership nature of small and medium-sized enterprises in the law and the rights of inequality. Many developed countries have established special financing mechanisms for SMEs. For example, the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Bank in South Korea and the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Financing Bank in Japan, etc. These institutions are generally set up by the government and rely to varying degrees on government funds to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. In our country, it is still the big enterprises that receive more attention from the government and tilted in terms of policy, and the SMEs do not get the convenience and preference in terms of funding.

Hope to adopt~

Four, small and medium-sized enterprises financing is difficult because of what

One, insufficient guarantee

Insufficient guarantee is the first major reason why small and micro-enterprise loans are difficult. The current type of micro-enterprise loans are almost all mortgage loans, credit loans are very low, credit loans are only applicable to a small number of personal loans, micro-enterprises can not provide collateral collateral is almost impossible to get a bank loan. Collective land or leased factory buildings, and the main assets of MSMEs (e.g., machinery and equipment, ships and other means of transportation) are not easily accepted by banks as collateral. Banks lack docking with transaction realization platforms, while MSMEs lack effective collateral in the start-up and growth stages.

Second, the solvency is not enough

The industry in which the small and micro enterprises and their own operating conditions is the most important factor in the bank's decision to lend. National Bureau of Statistics, a city survey team questionnaire survey shows that nearly 70% of the micro-enterprises believe that the current state of their own business is poor or general 51.5%, no micro-enterprises believe that their own business situation is very good. In other words, the business situation of some small and micro enterprises decided that they do not have the ability to make banking institutions fully assured of solvency.

Tips: The above is for reference only.

Response time: 2021-07-22, the latest business changes, please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank announced subject.

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