Couplet format

Writing couplets cannot be done without examining the format. Different types of couplets have different formats in writing. These formats are customary and standardized. If not in accordance with the old rules to write, will make a fool of themselves, can make the person who seeks to be unhappy, these must attract our attention.

One, style, layout, title

If you write the Spring Festival couplets, wedding couplets and other impromptu work, just pay attention to the layout of the font can be, first of all, the word should be upright, generous. The word is for people to see, and not irresponsible, arbitrary to write. The font should be regular, running script, clerical script is appropriate, cursive, cursive should not be used. In addition, the layout of the left and right should be the same, the sparseness of the word should be appropriate, do not sparse on the coupling, the lower coupling dense, not to mention the upper coupling written in regular script, the lower coupling written in running script.

Writing room couplets, study couplets, etc., especially to pay attention to the style, if the style is wrong, not only look uncomfortable, but also regarded as disrespectful to the request for couplets.

The following details about the layout of the upper and lower paragraphs, title.

1. the upper paragraph

The contents of the upper paragraph are three: name, title, the language, the order of the name in the first place, the title of the second, the language after the joint.

The first line of the recipient's name, if the recipient is a group, it is the name of the group, if it is to send a store opening, the first line of the couplet can be written "× × store newly opened the joy". If you are sending a friend for the funeral of his mother, you should not write the name of the mother but the surname of the friend and the surname of the mother's family, and under the surname, you should write the word "mother", and the word "mother" and the name of the mother should be written in the book. For example: "Mrs. Yang, the mother of Zhang, is a thousand years old". This type of style is the ordinary way of writing, there is another way of writing, that is, are written title: such as "the uncle of the horse Lord died", that is, the first part of the salvation of the deceased's title, the second half of the sentence is the deceased's own identity.

Couplets in congratulations, elegiac couplets and other epithets and letters with the same. Such as couplets to the boyfriend, can be called "Mr.", "brother", such as classmates, can be called "brother", can also be called "school friend

The general relationship titles and common relatives are listed as follows:

General relationship titles

What kind of relationship Calling each other Self-designation

Friend's father

Friend's mother

Friend's children

Friend's relatives

Teacher-student

Teacher's or teacher's wife

Teacher's wife

Teacher's wife

Teacher's wife

Teacher's wife

Teacher's wife

The teacher's father

The father's grandfather

The father's parents

The mother's parents

The grandfather's brother and sister-in-law

The wife's parents

The mother's brother-in-law and sister

The brother's wife

The sister's husband

The son of an uncle or uncles

Son-in-law of Aunt, Uncle, Aunt

Brother of Wife

Brother-in-law of Wife

Brother-in-law of Wife

Father's Cousin

Mother's Cousin

Mother's Cousin/Sister

Wife's Grandfather's Unknown

Wife's Aunt's Parents

Son's Father-in-Law

Father-in-Law of Daughter Your father-in-law Your father's son

Yingtang (Uncle Shih)

Daughter's Family Honors p>

Yingtang (Shiji's mother)

Yinglang's daughter

Ying's family members

Teacher

Shifu's mother

Taishi's teacher, Shifu's father

Great-grandfather, great-grandmother

grandfather and grandmother

grandfather-in-law, grandmother

grandparent-in-law

granduncle-in-law, aunt-in-law

Father-in-law, mother-in-law

Aunt-in-law

Aunt's father-in-law

Aunt's father-in-law

Aunt's father-in-law <

Aunt and uncle

Sister-in-law

Brother-in-law (x-brother)

Cousin or cousin

Cousin-in-law or cousin-in-law

Inner-brother

Brother-in-law

Cousin-uncle

Cousin-uncle

Cousin-uncle

Cousin-uncle

Paternal grandfather-in-law, maternal grandmother-in-law

Aunts and uncles

Brother-in-law, brother-in-law

Brother-in-law (in-laws) Name or lineal nephew

Name or lineal nephew

Name

Name

Student (recipient)

Name or student

Name

Great-grandchildren, great-grandchildren

Grandson, grandchildren

grandson, granddaughter

nephew, niece

son-in-law

aunt, nephew, niece

brother, sister

great brother, sister

great brother, sister

cousin, cousin

cousin, cousin's wife

brother-in-law(s)

brother, brother-in-law

cousin, niece

nephew

cousin, Cousin niece

(same as above)

Grandnephew

Aunt nephew-in-law

In-laws, brother-in-law

In-laws

Ancient people added the word "令" (令) to the relatives of friends and relatives, and the word "令" (令) means "good" or "goodness". Where the word "order" belongs to the third person. Such third-person, there are some out-of-the-way names, such as the son of a person as "seemingly" or "Lang"; said the wife of a person as "cabinet", "wife", said the person's wife. Your wife", said the son-in-law of the person as "your Tan", "your son-in-law" and so on.

If you send someone a couplet directly, you can use a single name. Such as "comrade Lanqing wedding Zhixi". Sending couplets to each other's younger generation, when the use of double names. Used for each other's names to the twofold title, this title written on the number of their younger generation, the number of the younger generation under the title (no title can be added). For example: "Mr. Chunlin's son Yongsan's wedding day", "Mr. Xinhua's daughter's wedding day".

Specification of the couplet is to indicate the nature of the words. For example, "birthday" is used for birthday wishes, and "thousand years" is used for mourning. Now the standard couplets are categorized and listed below: marriage couplets - Yan Xi, Yaner's Xi, marriage Zhi Xi, renewed rubber Xi (He renewed marriage), Yu returned to the Xi, out of the cabinet of Xi (the above He married a woman with).

Birthday couplets - birthday, birthday, big celebration, the first time, honor celebration, x ten years of birth, x rank honor celebration.

Building a house - joy of the completion of a new house, joy of Youju, joy of Siyu, joy of Chichichi.

Foundation - the joy of laying the foundation, the joy of the right to live, the joy of the right to live.

Moving to a new place - the joy of moving to a new place, the joy of a new terrain.

Opening - the joy of opening, the joy of opening.

Elegiac couplet - a thousand years, the right of the spirit, the seat of the spirit, the water immortalized.

Inscription couplet - Ya Zheng, Ya Genus, Ya Play, Zheng Zhi, Teaching Zheng, Genus Book.

The standard couplet language that is to identify the nature of the couplet, so all kinds of standard couplet language, there are insurmountable boundaries, can not be mixed.

2. The next paragraph

The next paragraph consists of three elements, namely, title, name, name language, some in the name of the language, but also with the seal (Shujiazhuang Lian, building Lian, hall Lian, etc., with the seal, and other types of couplets generally do not have the seal).

How to call the next paragraph, depending on the name of the paragraph. For example, the upper paragraph that the recipient of the link for the Taiyue, the lower paragraph of the self-proclaimed grandson-in-law. The rest of a variety of titles, see the previous table. Here will not repeat. But there are a few points to add:

One, if the local public **** building inscription, common more than "euphonious", "Ri", and then named. Such as "eup people LuWeiNian write". If you give the foreign building hall hall, can be in their own name before, add their place of origin, such as: "Yangzhou Ma Yonghua written".

Second, if several people with the same name and title, you can only out of a title in the center and the same use. For example:

Lu Zhenming

Student: Ma Yufeng bowed to congratulate

Fang Shihua

The title is different, can be written separately.

Cousin Zhao Tonghua

Tonghe

Cousin nephew Zhao Shuchen

Here, the name of the person, the ordinary more than the name of the book. In the case of a combination of name and number, the number should precede the name. For example: "Jigao Zuo Zongtang respectfully writes".

Several people with the same name, the center of the first, left and right (or up and down) followed. For example:

Guo Hongmei

Student Chen Lanqing, congratulations

Zhang Xiuling

Please write a book, his name before the name of the book, there are written on behalf of the name. For example:

Kang Wen wrote the book Cai Yuhua respectfully

There are also in the name of the book on the age, or the book of the year, month and day and festival. But generally people do not write their age, and those who write their age are mostly those who are older (or younger). For example:

Tranquility leads to far-reaching

Temperance makes the heart grow fonder

Seventy-nine-year-old Ren Zhongqi

Two units with the same congratulatory couplets, the style is as follows:

Congratulations on the establishment of the Society of Poetry and Couplets of the city of Pingyang

The literary world adds colorful

Artistic garden overflowing with fragrance

Wenshan County, the Society of Poetry and Couplets of the County

Wenshan County, the Society of Poetry and Couplets of the county

Nominal language, should be based on the seniority of the recipient, the relationship between the closeness of the relationship and the thickness of the feelings of different and different words.

Second, bookmarks, seals, posting methods

Couplets are not only a literary art, but also a calligraphic art. A beautifully written, genus of couplets, if the art of calligraphy to write out, it is a beautiful work of art.

Calligraphy on the couplet, the following four points to talk about:

1. The location of the book and the shape of the word

The upper and lower paragraphs of the word, the word than the word should be small, about the equivalent of one-third of the word coupling is appropriate. The upper paragraph is written in the upper left of the upper couplet, but do not write into the top frame, about four inches above the position. The next paragraph should be written at the bottom left of the next couplet, but should not be written to the bottom, the following space of about four inches is appropriate. If it is more than two rows of long couplets, the upper paragraph is often written in the upper line of the upper end of the empty space, the lower paragraph is written in the lower end of the lower line of the empty space.

2. Format and Punctuation

If it is more than two lines of long couplets, no matter how many rows, each line should be flat head top frame. The number of words in the first two lines should be equal; and the number of words in each line of the upper and lower couplets should also be equal, to maintain strict symmetry. Couplets are written in straight lines, with the top line written from the right and the bottom line from the left. The second line of a long couplet must be even with the first line.

Writing couplets should also pay attention to the couplings of the upper and lower ends of the words should be left an inch or so of space, every two lines between the words should be left a little blank, otherwise the symmetry of the beauty is lost. In addition to writing couplets do not add punctuation.

3. font and paper

A certain type of coupling, with what kind of font, there is also pay attention to, in general, hanging outside the door of the couplets and couplets, to the Regular Script, Clerical Script is appropriate, so that it appears to be solemn and dignified. Indoor couplets, cursive, running script is wonderful. This will appear relaxed and elegant. In addition to cursive and running script, there are seal script couplets for living rooms and study rooms. Seal script has a strong artistic flavor and has an ancient flavor. However, the font of the inscription and the couplet can be different, and it can be written in regular script or running script.

There are some restrictions on the paper used for writing couplets. Such as celebratory couplets with red paper, elegiac couplets with white or blue paper, living room and study decorative couplets, generally mounted on rice paper is appropriate.

4. Couplet posting

Couplet posting, in line with traditional rules, requiring couplets to be posted vertically. The upper couplet should be posted on the right hand side (i.e., the left side of the door), the lower couplet should be posted on the left hand side (i.e., the right side of the door). The upper and lower couplets must not be reversed. In general, to identify the upper and lower sentences of a couplet, just analyze the level of the last word of the couplet. Such as the end of the word is three, four (oblique) is the top line, such as the end of the word is one, two (flat) is the bottom line. But there are also couplets on the first line of the end of the word is flat, the second line of the end of the word is oblique, do not think that the oblique sound is the first line. It is up to us to read the couplets carefully when posting them and really understand the content of the couplets.

Three, the couplets of the horizontal phi

Horizontal phi, also known as the horizontal batch, the horizontal forehead, horizontal link. In addition to the horizontal phi in addition to elegiac couplets and other types of couplets, most of them should be used. Horizontal phi and the content of the couplet has an inseparable relationship. A good horizontal cloak can play

to the role of the icing on the cake. In other words, a sentence of horizontal phi, that is, the theme of a couplet, in the writing techniques, can be divided into three forms: First, the couplet writing, horizontal phi title; Second, the couplet writing, horizontal eye-dotting; Third, the joint phi complementary, mutually reinforcing.

Horizontal Phi is mostly four words, the past writing horizontal Phi is written from right to left horizontal, now more from left to right, from right to left when the formal writing. Paste the horizontal cape should be pasted in the center of the lintel, the font should be consistent with the style of the couplet, echoing the top and bottom.

(Excerpted from Chapter 13, "Format and Requirements for Couplets," in The Complete Book of Couplets, edited by Li Xiu-chun.