Traditional Vaccine Traditional Vaccine--Characteristics

1) Use complete pathogens as antigens; Types: 1. Inactivated vaccines: also called killed vaccines, materials containing bacteria or viruses are treated with physical or chemical methods to lose their infectivity or toxicity while maintaining good immunity.

It is primordial and can produce active immunity or passive immunity after inoculating animals.

Inactivated vaccines are further divided into tissue-inactivated vaccines (such as swine fever crystal violet vaccine) and culture-inactivated vaccines (swine erysipelas aluminum hydroxide vaccine, swine parvovirus vaccine).

This kind of vaccine is non-toxic, safe, has stable vaccine performance, and is easy to store and transport. It is the direction of vaccine development.

2. Attenuated vaccine: also known as live vaccine, it is a naturally virulent microorganism that has been treated with physical and chemical methods and successively biologically passed down, so that it loses its pathogenicity to the original host animal or only causes a slight subclinical reaction, but still remains

Viruses with well-preserved immunogenicity are used to prepare vaccines (such as attenuated swine erysipelas vaccine, attenuated swine fever rabbit vaccine, etc.).

In addition, attenuated vaccines can also be prepared from natural attenuated strains screened from nature.

3. Monovalent vaccine: A vaccine prepared by using the proliferation culture of the same microbial strain (virus) or a single serotype (virus) strain of a microorganism is called a monovalent vaccine.

Monovalent vaccines have good immune protection against diseases caused by the corresponding single serotype of microorganisms (such as the aluminum hydroxide vaccine for porcine epidemic disease, which is produced from the virulent strain of Pasteurella multocida type B originating from pigs, and is effective against diseases caused by A

No immune protection against porcine epidemic disease caused by Pasteurella multocida).

4. Polyvalent vaccine: refers to a vaccine prepared from the proliferation culture of several serotypes of bacteria (virus) strains of the same microorganism.

Polyvalent vaccines can provide complete protection to immunized animals (such as pig polyvalent killed paratyphoid vaccine).

5. Mixed vaccine: multi-vaccine, which refers to the use of different microbial proliferation cultures, combined according to the characteristics of the disease and immunological principles and methods.

After inoculating animals, it can produce immune protection against corresponding diseases, and can achieve the purpose of preventing multiple diseases with one shot (such as swine fever, swine erysipelas, and swine pneumonia triple vaccine).

6. Homologous vaccines: refers to vaccines prepared using the same, same type or homologous microorganisms and used for the immune prevention of the same kind of animals (such as swine fever rabbit attenuated vaccine, porcine epidemic diarrhea vaccine, which can be used to prevent various species

swine fever and porcine epidemic diarrhea).

7. Heterologous vaccine: refers to a vaccine prepared using different strains of microorganisms (viruses). After vaccination, it can make it resistant to pathogens not contained in the vaccine (for example, the rabbit fibroma virus vaccine can make it resistant to rabbit myxoma

disease), or a vaccine prepared with a certain type of microbial strain from the same species, which can make the animals acquire resistance to heterogeneous pathogens after inoculation (for example, after cattle and sheep are vaccinated with the attenuated Brucella suis vaccine, cattle and sheep can

Sheep acquire immunity to bovine and ovis brucellosis).

2) Antigens are easily obtained in the body; 3) Poor inactivation can lead to infection.