Material classification of new material industry

As the foundation and forerunner of high technology, new materials are widely used. Together with information technology and biotechnology, they have become the most important and promising fields in 2 1 century. Like traditional materials, new materials can be classified from different angles such as structure, function and application field, and different classifications intersect and nest with each other.

New materials are mainly composed of the innovation of traditional materials and the introduction of new materials. With the development of high-tech, the combination of new materials and traditional materials industry is increasingly close, and the industrial structure presents the characteristics of horizontal diffusion.

Classification of new materials: According to the application fields, new materials are generally divided into the following categories:

1 information materials

Electronic information materials and products support modern high-tech industries such as modern communication, computer, information network, micro-mechanical intelligent system, industrial automation and household appliances. The development scale and technical level of electronic information materials industry have an important strategic position in the national economy, and it is the most intense material field of scientific and technological innovation and international competition. Microelectronic materials will remain the most basic information materials in the future 10 ~ 15, and photoelectric materials will become the fastest-growing materials.

Integrated circuits and semiconductor materials: mainly silicon materials, new compound semiconductor materials and new generation high-temperature semiconductor materials are also important components, including high-purity chemical reagents and special electronic gases; Photoelectric materials: laser materials, infrared detector materials, liquid crystal display materials, high-brightness light-emitting diode materials, optical fiber materials and other fields; New electronic component materials: magnetic materials, electronic ceramic materials, piezoelectric transistor materials, information sensing materials, and high-performance packaging materials.

At present, the research hotspots and technological frontiers include the third generation semiconductor materials, such as flexible transistors, photonic crystals, SiC, GaN, ZnSe and other wide band gap semiconductor materials, organic display materials and various nano-electronic materials.

2 Energy materials

Global energy consumption is increasing, and 80% of energy comes from fossil fuels. In the long run, pollution-free and sustainable new energy sources are needed to replace all fossil fuels. Future clean energy sources include hydrogen energy, solar energy, wind energy and nuclear fusion energy. The key to solve the energy problem is the breakthrough of energy materials, which is closely related to materials, whether it is to improve combustion efficiency to reduce resource consumption, or to develop new energy and use renewable energy.

Materials required by traditional energy sources: mainly to improve energy utilization efficiency. Now, we focus on developing supercritical steam generator sets and integrated coal gasification combined cycle technology, which requires very strict materials, such as engineering ceramics and new channel materials. Hydrogen energy and fuel cell: materials and technologies needed for the production, storage and utilization of hydrogen energy, fuel cell materials, etc. Green secondary batteries: new materials such as nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries and high-performance polymer batteries; Solar cells: polysilicon, amorphous silicon, thin film batteries and other materials; Nuclear energy materials: new nuclear power reactor materials.

New energy materials mainly include special films, polymer electrolytes, catalysts and electrodes, advanced photoelectric materials, special spectrum plastics and coatings, carbon nanotubes, metal hydride slurry, high-temperature superconducting materials, low-cost and low-energy civil engineering materials, light, cheap and efficient insulating materials, light, strong and composite structural materials, ultra-high temperature alloys, ceramics and composite materials, radiation-resistant materials, low-activity materials and corrosion-resistant and pressure-resistant cracking materials. Mechanical and plasma corrosion resistant materials. At present, the research hotspots and technological frontiers include high-energy hydrogen storage materials, polymer battery materials, electrolyte materials for medium-temperature solid oxide fuel cells, polycrystalline thin-film solar battery materials and so on.

3 biomaterials

Biomaterials are materials that are combined with living systems and used to diagnose, treat or replace tissues and organs or improve their functions. They involve many subjects such as materials, medicine, physics, biochemistry and modern high technology, and have become one of the main pillar industries in 2 1 century.

At present, almost all kinds of materials have been used for health treatment, mainly including metals and alloys, ceramics, polymer materials, composite materials and biomass materials. Polymer biomaterials are the most active fields in biomedical materials. Metal biomaterials are still the most widely used implant materials in clinic, and the research and development of medical titanium and its alloys and nickel-titanium shape memory alloys are hot spots. Inorganic biomaterials have attracted more and more attention in recent years.

At present, the main direction of research and development of biomedical materials in the world is bionic or functional design and preparation to simulate the composition, structure and function of human soft and hard tissues, organs and blood, and to endow materials with excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity or life activity. As far as specific materials are concerned, it mainly includes drug controlled release materials, tissue engineering materials, bionic materials, nano-biomaterials, bioactive materials, interventional diagnosis and treatment materials, degradable and absorbable biomaterials,

4 automotive materials

Automobile materials account for a small proportion in the whole material market, but they belong to the "three high" products with high technical requirements, high technical content and high added value, representing the highest level in the industry.

The demand for automotive materials presents the following characteristics: lightweight and environmental protection are the main demand development directions; The proportion of various materials used in automobiles is changing. The main trend is that the consumption of high-strength steel and ultra-high-strength steel, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, plastic and composite materials will increase greatly, and the structural materials of automobile body will tend to multi-material design. At the same time, the recycling of automobile materials has been paid more attention, and the development and application of electric vehicles, special materials for alternative fuels and functional materials for automobiles have been continuously strengthened.

5 nanometer materials and technology

Nano-materials and technology will become the leading technology to promote the rapid development of social and economic fields for the fifth time, and the first 20 years of the 20th century will be the key period for the development of nano-materials and technology. It is an objective law that nanoelectronics will replace microelectronics, nanomachining will replace micromachining, nanomaterials will replace micron materials, and nanobiotechnology will replace micron biotechnology.

The research and development of nano-materials and technologies are mostly in the basic research stage, such as nano-electronics and devices, nano-biology and other high-risk fields. , and has not yet formed a large-scale industry. However, nano-materials and technology will have a revolutionary impact on the preparation and application of related materials such as electronic information industry, biomedical industry, energy industry and environmental protection. ..

6 Superconducting materials and technology

Superconducting materials and technology are high and new technologies with strategic significance in the 2nd/Kloc-0th century, which are widely used in energy, medical care, transportation, scientific research, national defense and military industry. The application of superconducting materials mainly depends on the properties of the materials themselves and the development of their preparation technology.

At present, low-temperature superconducting materials have reached the practical level, and the industrialization technology of high-temperature superconducting materials has also made a major breakthrough. HTS tape and HTS filter subsystem for mobile communication will be commercialized soon.

7 Rare earth materials

Rare earth materials are a series of irreplaceable superior new materials developed by using the excellent magnetic, optical and electrical properties of rare earth elements. Rare earth materials are widely used in metallurgical machinery, petrochemical industry, light industry and agriculture, electronic information, energy and environmental protection, national defense and military industry and other fields, and are indispensable strategic materials for countries all over the world to transform traditional industries and develop high-tech and cutting-edge national defense technologies.

Specifically, it includes: rare earth permanent magnet materials: the fastest-growing rare earth materials, including NdFeB and SmCo. , widely used in high-tech fields such as motor, electroacoustic, medical equipment, maglev train and military industry; Hydrogen storage alloy: mainly used in power batteries and fuel cells; Rare earth luminescent materials: there are new rare earth luminescent materials for high-efficiency energy-saving and environmental protection light sources, rare earth luminescent materials for high-definition and digital color TVs and computer monitors, and rare earth luminescent materials for special or extreme conditions; Rare earth catalytic materials: the development focus is to replace precious metals, reduce the cost of catalysts and improve the anti-poisoning performance and stability; The application of rare earth in precision ceramics, optical glass, rare earth etchants, rare earth inorganic pigments and other new materials is also growing at a high speed, such as rare earth electronic ceramics and rare earth inorganic pigments.

Eight new steel materials

Iron and steel materials are important basic materials, which are widely used in energy development, transportation, petrochemical industry, mechanical power, light industry and textiles, medical and health care, building materials, home appliances and communications, national defense construction and high-tech industries, and have strong competitive advantages.

The development of new steel materials focuses on high-performance steel materials, which are oriented to high performance and long life, and develop to fine organization and precise control in quality, and to improve the cleanliness and high uniformity of steel.

9 New Nonferrous Metal Alloy Materials

It mainly includes light metal alloys such as aluminum, magnesium and titanium, powder metallurgy materials and high-purity metal materials.

Aluminum alloy: including all kinds of new aluminum alloy materials with high toughness, high specific strength, high specific modulus, high strength, corrosion resistance, weldability, heat resistance and corrosion resistance, such as aluminum-lithium alloy; Magnesium alloys: including magnesium alloys and magnesium-based composites, ultra-light and high-plasticity Mg-Li-X alloys, etc. Titanium alloy materials: including new medical titanium alloy, high-temperature titanium alloy, high-strength titanium alloy and low-cost titanium alloy. Powder metallurgy materials: products mainly include iron-based and copper-based automobile parts, refractory metals, cemented carbide and so on. High-purity metals and materials: the purity of materials is developing in the direction of purification, the impurity content reaches ppb level, and the product specifications are developing in the direction of large-scale.

10 new building materials

New building materials mainly include new wall materials, chemical building materials, new thermal insulation materials and building decoration materials. The trend of international building materials is to develop in the direction of environmental protection, energy saving and multi-function.

Among them, the development trend of glass is to be functional, practical, decorative, sunny and environmentally friendly, including surface modification or finishing treatment of original glass, energy-saving low-E and sunlight-controlled low-E thin film glass. In addition, it also includes new energy-saving and environment-friendly building materials and special series of cement to meet the special needs of the project.

1 1 new chemical materials

Chemical materials occupy an important position in the national economy, and play an important role in aerospace, machinery, petroleum industry, agriculture, construction, automobile, household appliances, electronics, biomedicine and other industries.

New chemical materials mainly include organic fluorine materials, silicone materials, high-performance fibers, nano-chemical materials and inorganic functional materials. Nano-chemical materials and special chemical coatings are research hotspots in recent years.

12 eco-friendly materials

Eco-environmental materials are put forward under the background that human beings realize the strategic significance of eco-environmental protection and all countries in the world are taking the road of sustainable development. It is generally believed that eco-environmental materials refer to materials with satisfactory performance and excellent environmental coordination.

This material is characterized by less consumption of resources and energy, less pollution to ecology and environment, and high recycling rate. The whole life process from material manufacturing, use, abandonment to recycling is in harmony with the ecological environment. Mainly includes: materials compatible with the environment, such as pure natural materials (wood, stone, etc.). ), bionic materials (artificial bones, artificial organs, etc. ), and green packaging materials (green packaging bags, packaging containers). Environmental degradation materials (biodegradable plastics, etc.). ); Environmental engineering materials, such as environmental restoration materials, environmental purification materials (molecular sieve, ion sieve materials), environmental substitution materials (phosphorus-free detergent additives), etc.

The research focus and development direction of eco-environmental materials include the design of recycled polymers (plastics), the theoretical system of environmental compatibility evaluation of materials, and new technologies, new processes and new methods to reduce the environmental load of materials.

13 new materials for military industry

Military materials play an important role in promoting national defense science and technology, national defense strength and national economic development. They are the material basis and technical forerunner of weapons and equipment, an important factor to determine the performance of weapons and equipment, and a driving force to expand the new functions of weapons and equipment, reduce the life-cycle cost of weapons and equipment, and obtain and maintain the competitive advantage of weapons and equipment.

With the rapid development of weapons and equipment, the development of supporting materials technology presents the following trends: First, compounding: the comprehensive properties of materials are greatly improved through micro-,meso-and macro-compounding; Second, multi-function: through the optimal design and precise control of material composition, organization and structure, a single material has multiple functions, thus simplifying the structural design of weapons and equipment and realizing miniaturization and high reliability; Third, high performance: the comprehensive performance of materials is constantly optimized, which lays a material foundation for improving the performance of weapons and equipment; Fourth, low cost: low-cost technology is a high-tech in the field of materials and plays an increasingly important role in the development and production of weapons and equipment.