What Hakka folk cultures are there?

Most Hakkas immigrated from the Central Plains during the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the long-term historical development, Hakka people have merged and assimilated some indigenous minorities, and at the same time absorbed and integrated their customs into their own. In addition, in the communication with other regions and ethnic groups, Hakkas have absorbed and integrated their good customs and habits. Coupled with a large population and a vast living area, it has formed a "ten miles of different customs." Therefore, Hakka customs are particularly colorful and all-encompassing.

Production customs:

Hakka guests from Liangjiang, after visiting relatives and friends on the 15th day of the first month of each year, will hold a grand family dinner, where family members, old and young, and separated brothers get together. Older and experienced family members analyze and estimate the situation in the past few years and the coming year, and make a production arrangement for one year, with younger family members as a supplement. Then concentrate on digging, harrowing and planting corn. After finishing these tasks, we have ushered in a busy spring ploughing. At first, the "February stove" (the second day of the second lunar month) is white. People (mainly women) will take candles, incense, meat dishes and glutinous rice to worship the "Kitchen God" and pray for the gods to bless the good weather and good harvests in the coming year. Later, sugarcane was planted and rice seeds were sown. When the seedlings are all grown, hurry to plough in the spring. Because of the heavy and tense spring ploughing work, most people help each other to finish transplanting rice. Management is everyone's business. When the crops are almost ripe, it is usually the old man who decides when to harvest and does not allow the children to say anything. During the summer harvest, all kinds of livestock and poultry industries have grown up, and fishing can also be done in the pond. Hakkas are happy to put on the most sumptuous meal on a table and have to "wash their eyes". After the mid-Yuan Dynasty, people were busy planting and harvesting autumn crops. Later, they concentrated on selling some crops they planted and listed their pigs, ducks, geese and fish.

Living customs:

Hakka people in Guangxi have always maintained the characteristics of frugality and gregarious living. Hakka guests are still relatively poor, eating porridge at noon in the morning and eating at night. The staple food, rice and rice porridge, is cooked by women in the morning and put in the cupboard when it is cold. Eat porridge during the day and at night. Rice is cooked by pouring out rice soup. They don't like rotten rice, so they cook in this way. When eating porridge, I like to mix porridge with cooked salt. Its non-staple food is pork and various vegetables, and it eats beef and other meat from time to time. Generally, pork is sliced, boiled, fried and served with seasoning. Fry vegetables in oil, then add ingredients and put them in a bowl. Hakka seasoning is nothing more than ginger, garlic, onion, sauce, spiced powder and monosodium glutamate. Their traditional dishes are braised pork, boiled chicken, vinegar ribs, vinegar large intestine and vinegar duck. Flavor foods include winter rice candy, sour beans and peppers. Dry to a semi-dry degree, and when it is bright yellow, you can open it and eat it in the acid jar. On the second, fifteenth and Dragon Boat Festival of the first month, Hakka people always make zongzi, including meat zongzi and mung bean powder zongzi. The stuffing for zongzi is prepared in advance with star anise powder, pepper, sauce and salt. Zongzi leaves for wrapping zongzi. On the second day of the second lunar month, in Tomb-Sweeping Day, glutinous rice is cooked, added with sugar, and the leaves are dyed in different colors, which is sweet and delicious. Solstice of winter. Everyone should eat boiled buns made of glutinous rice flour and meat stuffing. They have no habit of drinking boiled water. When they are thirsty, they use porridge and rice soup instead. They seldom drink tea, but mostly drink their own brewed rice wine.

The Hakka house is a big tile house. The traditional house is a bungalow. The hall is divided into an upper hall and a lower hall with a patio in the middle and a storage room behind the upper hall. Authentic, square table, mirror screen, with ancestral tablets on it. Eating is in the lower hall, and so is the fire in winter. On both sides of the upper hall are big bedrooms for the elderly and married couples, while on one side of the lower hall is a small bedroom for unmarried young people, on the other side is a kitchen, and there are pigsty on the left and right sides of the house. According to traditional customs, most old houses are reserved for the eldest son.

Holiday customs:

Traditional Hakka festivals include Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, June 6th, Mid-Autumn Festival, Winter Solstice and seeing off the Kitchen God. Spring Festival is a big festival, with abundant new year's goods, mostly bacon, jiaozi, fried peanuts and so on. On the first day of the first month, you can't kill anything. You should light a lamp and say auspicious words. You should usually go back to your home for dinner. It's also the day to go back to my parents' home in the New Year. The most important entertainment in the Spring Festival is lion dancing to celebrate the New Year. In Tomb-Sweeping Day, Hakkas like to make dumplings and have a big meal. "February stove", cooking glutinous rice, killing chickens and worshipping the kitchen king, a bumper harvest in a year, a great success. Tomb-Sweeping Day in March is a traditional grave-sweeping festival. Cooking sweet glutinous rice, preparing tables and wine, visiting ancestral graves, and adding dishes at will by Hakkas can also be regarded as a festival. Dragon Boat Festival, jiaozi. On June 6th, prepare the dining tables. Mid-Autumn Festival, the second festival of the year, kills chickens, ducks and fish. Daughters, son-in-law and relatives will come back to visit the old man and have a good time. Mid-Autumn Festival, prepare fruits and moon cakes to enjoy the moon. Double Ninth Festival, go out and climb high. On the solstice of winter, eat a dumpling bigger than jiaozi, wrapped in glutinous rice flour and stuffed with fish, pork and diced radish. The day when the Kitchen God was assigned, that is, December 23rd (the lunar calendar), was also a festival. On New Year's Eve, the Hakka family stopped working, collected all the harvest of the year and had a grand reunion dinner. All the family members who work outside will come back for reunion.