What are the rules for seals in calligraphy?

As far as seals are concerned, they can be divided into two categories, namely, yang (vermilion) and yin (white).

In terms of the position of the seal on the screen, there are the first seal, the name seal and the corner of the seal. In one place in a row to cover two or more seals, generally the upper side of the seal is slightly larger, the lower side of the seal is slightly smaller, the upper side of the yang text, the lower side of the yin text.

1, name chapter. Generally used in conjunction with two parties, is essential to the picture. One side engraved name, one side engraved character number; or one side engraved surname, one side engraved name. One side engraved Zhuwen, one side engraved in white. When used, Zhuwen red light, used in the upper side; white red heavy, placed in the lower side. The size of the seal is about equal to the inscription, or slightly smaller than the inscription.

The location of the seal, such as the signature under the blank more, on the lower side of the cover, such as the signature under the blank less, can be covered in the handwriting around. The distance between the two sides of the seal, about equal to the position of one or two stamps, not too open, or crowded too close.

2, the pressure corner of the chapter, also known as the corner of the chapter. According to the needs of the picture, used in the lower left or lower right corner of the painting. Pressing the corner of the chapter than the name of the chapter, mostly square or rectangular, Zhu Baiwen regardless. Content can be aphorisms, aphorisms, collectively referred to as the chapter, such as "division of creation", "to get the landscape interesting", "the river and the mountains are so beautiful" and so on. Can also be used in the name of the Lodge, known as the Lodge chapter, such as Wen Zhengming's "true appreciation of the Lodge", Shi Tao's "Dajie Cao Tang" and so on.

3, the first chapter. Mostly rectangular, there are also oval or irregular shape. According to the needs of the picture, for the inscription at the beginning of two or three words to the right, so called the first. Content is similar to the corner of the chapter.

Expanded Information:

Seals on paintings and calligraphy are divided into three main categories:

One, the author's own seal.

Two, the seal of the inscriber.

Three, collection, appreciation of the seal.

In these used in the seal is divided into three aspects:

One, name, name, name, hall, hall number seal.

Second, idle text, auspicious words, aphorisms seal.

Three, collection, appreciation seal.?

Name, name seal: generally stamped on the author's name below or around. Lodge, hall number seal is generally covered in the paragraph around the word or the lower part of the word, also used as a welcome to the first, covered in the upper right corner. The idle text, auspicious words, aphorisms seal, generally covered in the lower left and right corners of the painting and calligraphy, as the corner of the charge, but also used as a welcome to the first.

Collection, appreciation of the seal is generally stamped on the lower left and right corner of the painting and calligraphy, or not hinder the painting and calligraphy itself, can also be stamped on the painting and calligraphy outside of the mount. There are also covered in the most prominent position in the painting and calligraphy, to show their authority, such as Qianlong, Jiaqing Emperor, etc.?

The content of the poem or text is extremely rich, it is an essential part of the Chinese painting, poetry, calligraphy and painting are perfectly combined together, known as the "three greats". Ancient saying that "the work is outside the poem", this kind of painting outside the work, sometimes on the taste of the painting has an important role. Good poetry is important for enriching the picture, deepening the author's emotion and increasing the expressive power of the picture.

The merit of poetry can be said to be a concrete demonstration of the author's cultural cultivation, which is an important part of Chinese painting.

The inscription on the painting is realized by the calligraphy, if the calligraphy is not good, it will destroy the picture. Chinese painting, "painting and calligraphy", on the one hand, the mutual penetration of techniques, on the other hand, the performance of the inscription, inscription, the requirements of style and painting style to harmonize with the style of the brushwork is unified. Generally speaking, it is appropriate to use seal script, official script and regular script for brushwork, and to choose cursive seal script, cursive official script and running script for writing.

Whether it is brushwork or writing, normally, the inscription is made in thick ink. The arrangement of the text is appropriate to harmonize with the picture.

Where the seal is exactly the same as the seal on the work we now designate as authentic, the possibility of authenticity exists. Of course, this is not the only standard, only one aspect of identification, especially since the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Western photographic plate imported into our country, making copies, reprints of the seal can be almost identical with the original seal, which can not be identified only by the seal aspect of painting and calligraphy.

If a mid-Qing or before the period of works on the seal and can be known as the seal on the authenticity of the seal, and other aspects of the doubt, basically can be identified as authentic. Because in general copying copies of seals, artificial imitation will always be more or less different from the original seal, seal is extremely difficult to imitate with the original seal exactly the same.

If it is after the end of the Qing Dynasty works of calligraphy and painting, from various aspects, more careful identification.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia - Chinese Painting Techniques

Reference:

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Baidu Encyclopedia - Seal Material