What are the architectural and artistic features of ancient palace buildings in China?

Palace building, also known as palace building, is a huge and magnificent building built by the emperor to consolidate his rule, show the majesty of imperial power and satisfy the enjoyment of spiritual and material life. Most of these buildings are magnificent.

Since the Qin dynasty, the "palace" has become the place where the emperor and the royal family lived, and the palace has also become the place where the emperor handled state affairs. In the next few years, the scale of China Palace building has been expanding. Its typical features are huge arches, covered with golden glazed tiles, colorful paintings, finely carved ceiling caissons, white marble abutments, railings, beams and columns, and sketches of surrounding buildings. The Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City in Beijing is a typical palace building.

In order to reflect the supremacy of imperial power and the hierarchical concept with imperial power as the core, the ancient palace buildings in China adopted a strict symmetrical layout of the central axis: the buildings on the central axis are tall and gorgeous, and the buildings on both sides of the central axis are relatively low, small and simple. Because China's etiquette thought contains the contents of offering sacrifices to ancestors, advocating filial piety, paying attention to food, and offering sacrifices to land gods, the ancestral temple (also called ancestral temple) is usually set in the left front of China Palace for the emperor to offer sacrifices to ancestors.

In front of the right, there is a country altar for the emperor to worship the land god and the grain god (the country is the land and the millet is the grain). This mode is called "left group and right house". The ancient palace building itself is also divided into two parts, that is, "the former is the place where the emperor ruled the government and held ceremonies, and the latter is the place where the emperor and his concubines lived and lived."

China Palace is represented by the Forbidden City in Beijing. The Forbidden City, also known as the Forbidden City, was the court of emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and 24 emperors lived here successively. The Forbidden City covers an area of 720,000 square meters and has more than 9,000 houses. Surrounded by a red wall several meters high, with a circumference of more than 3,400 meters, there is a moat outside the wall. The scale, unique style, gorgeous furnishings and splendid architecture of the Forbidden City are extremely rare among palace buildings in the world.

The Forbidden City is divided into two parts. The former part is the place where the emperor held important ceremonies and issued orders. The main buildings are Taihe Hall, Zhonghe Hall and Baohe Hall. These buildings are all built on 8-meter-high platforms made of white marble, which look like the Fairy Que in Gong Qiong from a distance. The architectural image is serious, solemn, grand and majestic, and the interior of the three halls is magnificent.

The second half of the Forbidden City, the "Inner Palace", is the place where the emperor handles government affairs and concubines live. Gan Qing Palace, Kunning Palace, Royal Garden and other major buildings are full of rich flavor of life. Most buildings include gardens, study rooms, pavilions and rocks, all of which form their own courtyards.

Due to the alternation of dynasties and wars, there were not many ancient palace buildings in China. In addition to the Forbidden City in Beijing, there is also the Forbidden City in Shenyang. In addition, there are several sites of Han and Tang palaces in Xi 'an.

Ancient architecture is an important part of China traditional culture, and palace architecture is one of the most magnificent wonders. No matter in structure or form, they all show the royal majesty and magnificent style, which is what distinguishes them from other types of buildings. For thousands of years, the feudal dynasties attached great importance to the palace architecture symbolizing the emperor's authority, and formed a complete palace architecture system.

The Forbidden City in Beijing was the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which is now the Forbidden City in Beijing. Judy, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, moved slightly southward along the former site of the Grand Palace of the Yuan Dynasty. Based in Nanjing Palace, he led millions of people to complete their services in 13 (A.D. 1407- 1420). The plane of the Forbidden City is rectangular, with a length of 96 1 m from north to south and a width of 753 meters from east to west, covering an area of more than 720,000 square meters. There are more than 9,000 halls in the palace, all of which are wooden structures, with yellow glazed tile roofs and blue and white stone bases decorated with colorful paintings, with a total construction area of 6,543,800+0.5 million square meters.

The wall around the Forbidden City is about 10 meter high, with crenels on the outside and walls on the inside. There is a 3800-meter-long moat outside the Forbidden City, which constitutes a complete defense system. There are four gates in Miyagi, the meridian gate in the south is the main entrance of the Forbidden City, the Shenwumen (Xuanwu Gate) in the north, the Donghuamen in the east and the Xihuamen in the west. Four turrets stand at the four corners of the city wall, with unique and exquisite shapes.

The building layout of the Forbidden City runs through the north-south central axis. The building of the Forbidden City is roughly divided into two parts: the working area in the south is the former dynasty, also known as the outer dynasty, and the living area in the north is the back bedroom, also known as the inner dynasty. The former dynasty was the place where the emperor handled major affairs and held major celebrations, with three halls as the center, namely, the Imperial Palace (known as Hall of Supreme Harmony in Qing Dynasty, also known as Golden Throne Hall), the Relay Hall (known as Zhonghe Hall in Qing Dynasty) and the Jianji Hall (known as Baohe Hall in Qing Dynasty), with Wenhua Hall and Wuying Hall on the east and west wings respectively.

Among them, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is the highest and most magnificent building in Miyagi. Grand ceremonies or celebrations were held here for the emperor's accession to the throne, weddings, conferring titles, ordering generals and going out to war. At this time, thousands of people "long live the mountain" and hundreds of ritual vessels rang in unison, which was extremely royal.

The Forbidden City is centered on Gan Qing Palace (the emperor's bedroom), Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, and there are East Sixth Palace and West Sixth Palace (the imperial concubine's palace) on the east and west wings. This is what people often say about the emperor's "three palaces and six courtyards", which is the place where the emperor handles daily government affairs, lives in imperial residence, worships Buddha, studies and plays on weekdays. The imperial garden behind the Palace of Kunning is a place for the queen to visit. There are pavilions, rockeries, flower beds, Qin 'an Hall and Yangxin Zhai in the park, which are full of the characteristics of royal gardens. To the north of the Imperial Garden is Xuanwu Gate (renamed Shenwumen in Qing Dynasty), which is the north gate of the Forbidden City.

All the buildings in the Palace Museum are arranged along the north-south central axis and spread out to both sides. The layout is neat, the east and west are symmetrical, the architecture is exquisite, luxurious and spectacular, the feudal hierarchy is strict and the momentum is magnificent. These are all to show the supreme authority of autocratic imperial power.

The Forbidden City is the most complete existing ancient palace complex in China, which is unique in the world architectural history. It is a model of classical architecture in China and the largest palace.

Liang Sicheng said: "China architecture is an engineering technology that has lasted for more than 2,000 years, and it has created an artistic system. Many buildings are the expression of our culture and the great heritage of art Although the Forbidden City is a symbol of feudal autocratic imperial power, it reflects the glory of ancient civilization with a long history in China and proves that the Forbidden City occupies an important position in the history of human world cultural heritage.