Differences and characteristics of eastern and western art

Taking painting as an example, this paper discusses the main differences between European art and oriental art.

Compared with western art represented by European painting, oriental art can clearly see the cultural differences and differences.

First of all, European painting

Europe was once famous for its splendid ancient paintings, but since the19th century, it has shocked the world with colorful modernist paintings. Especially in western Europe, after the emergence of Impressionism represented by Manet, Monet, Seurat, Cezanne, Gauguin and Van Gogh, the schools became increasingly complex and attracted people's attention. Fauvism represented by Matisse is recognized as the earliest school of modernist painting in the 20th century, which keeps pace with German expressionism represented by Karhi. Later, subjectivism represented by Picasso, futurism represented by Italian Carla boccioni, abstraction represented by Kandinsky, Dadaism first appeared in Switzerland, surrealism represented by Alp and Klee, etc. Schools have appeared one after another, and the climax of the art movement has been wave after wave, forming a colorful situation. Although these schools appeared before 1945, they continued after World War II. First of all, the founders or backbone painters of these schools are still active in the contemporary era, and excellent works have come out. Such as Matisse, Picasso and others, in the 1950s, still maintained a strong creative enthusiasm.

/kloc-factions and characteristics of European painting art in the 0 th and 9 th centuries

(1) Romantic School

/kloc-the birth of romanticism in the 0/9th century was a revolution of neoclassicism and academic art at that time.

Romanticism is based on the pursuit of freedom, equality, fraternity and individual liberation. Pursue the beauty of fantasy, pay attention to the exchange of feelings, and like the expression of passionate temperament. Romantic art opposes stillness with dynamics and excessive objectivity with strong subjectivity. Romanticism describes unique characters, exotic feelings, life tragedies and abnormal events, and often looks for creative themes from some literary works. His masterpiece is Medusa's funeral.

(2) Realism

Realism pursues the so-called artistic effect beyond reality, often using abnormal spatial organization, curved surface or interface of flowing arc, strong color, unpredictable light and shadow, strange furniture and equipment, and sometimes using modern painting or sculpture to set off the surreal indoor environment.

(3) Impressionism

Impressionist painting is an epoch-making art school in the history of western painting. From 65438 to 2009, it reached its peak in the 1970s and 1980s. Its influence spread all over Europe and gradually spread to all parts of the world, but it achieved the most brilliant artistic achievements in France. /kloc-From the second half of the 9th century to the beginning of the 20th century, a large number of impressionist artists emerged in France, who created a large number of classic works that we are still familiar with today. His masterpiece is Van Gogh's Sunflower.

(4) Post-impressionism

Post-impressionism, a western oil painting school developed from impressionism. /kloc-At the end of 0/9 century, many artists inspired by Impressionism began to oppose Impressionism. They are not satisfied with the rigid and one-sided pursuit of light and color, but emphasize that their works should express the artist's self-feeling and subjective feeling, and begin to consciously use the factors of color and body expression.

In terms of artistic expression, post-impressionism emphasizes composition, holding that artistic images should be different from the real images of life, and the objective images should be transformed with the subjective feelings of the author to show "subjective objectivity". While respecting the Impressionist achievements in light and color, they did not unilaterally pursue external light, but paid attention to expressing the concreteness, stability and internal structure of matter. Post-impressionist painting has a great influence on the development of modern schools, which directly leads to the birth of structuralism.

After the development of19th century, Impressionism has greatly broken through the shackles of traditional realism in emphasizing subjective spirit, self-expression and formal exploration. There are various schools in the 20th century, from emphasizing form to negating form, from concreteness to abstraction, and there are various extreme views.

Second, the main characteristics of Oriental art

As a pure and important spiritual symbol, landscape painting has always existed in the lives of China literati and artists. The ancients believed that the natural landscape was colorful and ever-changing in spatial form and extremely vivid and diverse in time state. Looking for the truth of life from rocks, trees, Shui Ze and clouds and grass, and pinning their hearts and emotions are the true intentions of ancient artists in China to create landscape paintings. For the creation of landscape painting, the spatial characteristics of China's landscape painting are closer to a transformation of time and space. The painter not only considers what he sees, but also cares about the process of inner change and what he thinks. Express objects with the state of life. Unlike western paintings, China's landscape paintings are not limited by light, shadow, texture and perspective, but rely more on virtual reality, occlusion and irregular proportions to imply the space of clouds, running water, rocks and trees, which makes the expression of nature more casual, subjective and profound. The so-called "inferiority complex, heart wandering in space, heart harmony in the mysterious realm, meaning floating white clouds, forgetting my face, aiming high." A painting can walk from the front of the mountain to the back of the mountain, or from the top of the mountain to the bottom. A long scroll can hold all the seasons, rain and snow. It is not a specific mountain, a specific water. It has light and shade, expression, spirituality and more life, which can make viewers feel happy and sad with it. This magic, the unique vision and soul of China's philosophy and culture, can't be seen in western landscape paintings.

Third, the differences between eastern and western painting art

In order to vividly depict and reproduce nature, western painting strives to invent various skills and techniques to achieve this goal, especially in the painting with characters as the theme. Since ancient Greece, people's understanding and interest in human beings has a long history. The ancient Greeks loved the expression of the human body, and their mastery of the human body structure and the shaping of the volume space depended entirely on the infiltration of various scientific consciousness such as anatomy, optics and chromatics. The artistic expression of human health and beauty is full of human vitality and strong desire for a better life, which is the natural expression of human nature. This theme is absolutely rare in China's ancient paintings. This reflects the deep-rooted differences between Chinese and western cultures. The human body and figure painting in clothing have developed rapidly since the Renaissance. In addition to the humanistic spirit's affirmation of people's own value, there is another important factor, that is, example. If there were no models, western figure painting would not have achieved so much if it was only imagined from memory. The model provides real inspiration and basis for the painter. But models are not enough. Painters must study human anatomy deeply and even do it themselves. With the progress and development of western science, human perspective and human movement anatomy further help painters to create more vivid and challenging figure paintings. Compared with China's ancient figure painting, without the support of humanistic environment and the help of internal concepts, we can generally understand the reasons why China's traditional figure painting is inaccurate in modeling, incorrect in anatomy and does not draw human body. The main goal and pursuit of China's figure painting is to distinguish "beauty" from "evil". "Vivid charm" is the ultimate standard of painting, which forms a tradition to show to future generations. This pursuit of China's figure painting makes it stand out from western painting in terms of modeling requirements. I don't comment on Chinese and western paintings here. Only by recognizing the respective characteristics of Chinese and western paintings and their background, can we find that the materiality and reproducibility of western paintings are very different from the spirituality and expressiveness of traditional paintings in China.

Now, it seems that it is of great educational significance to appreciate Chinese and western paintings. Its value lies in, on the one hand, cultivating the artistic and cultural awareness of the educated. The development of fine arts embodies the development of material civilization and spiritual civilization in a certain social and historical stage. As a kind of culture, art is materialistic in its external form, and its creative style and level reflect the aesthetic spirit. These things contained in art and culture need to be excavated and revealed. The systematic education of painting art appreciation will certainly involve the material civilization and spiritual civilization of a specific historical era reflected by artistic phenomena, and will inspire students to deeply understand the internal cultural connotation of artistic phenomena and guide students to understand the relationship between painting and human quality and development. Understanding the realm, skills and concepts shown in paintings is always the embodiment of people's quality. Second, the cultivation of humanistic spirit. Although painting appreciation is different from moral education, humanistic spirit education with moral education and cultural growth as the core is also one of the missions of painting art education. Throughout the ages, in the long river of time and space, the accumulated works of art must be the representatives of the outstanding cultural heritage of mankind. Through the appreciation, excavation and promotion of these works, the purpose of promoting goodness, morality and education can be achieved. At the same time, guide students to form a correct appreciation attitude, master the correct methods, and become appreciators with sound psychological structure and aesthetic judgment. Third, the creativity of painting appreciation. On the surface, appreciation is an intuitive process. In fact, apart from the quality of the work itself, an important reason why a work of art is circulated is the subjective attitude of the viewer. It needs imagination, experience and perception to reproduce the content of the work through understanding the language of the work. This process inevitably permeates the individual personality characteristics, psychological connotation and spiritual understanding of the appreciator. This special psychological activity, unique psychological feelings and emotional will, and even the characteristics of the times in which the appreciator lives, will make the works of art have new development, supplement and even reconstruction, thus making the artistic image a living image.

What is the biggest and most essential difference between Chinese and western art? Don't rush to answer. In fact, this is a very complicated problem, and it can't be explained clearly in a few words, but it is indeed the key core to understand and understand the differences between Chinese and western paintings. Through comparison, analysis, exploration and excavation of Chinese and Western paintings, various paintings and colorful works with thousands of years of history, I believe that we can at least face the conflict of different cultures, their changes and integration, and learn to open the door to beauty and aesthetics with a simpler, more vivid, relaxed and free mind.