How to mount, restore and collect paintings and calligraphy

Dai Mingju Chinese painting and calligraphy framing belongs to a special craft, has a long history, a long history, all workers engaged in this task, are equipped with certain traditional experience, for the development of painting and calligraphy art has made indelible contributions. With the improvement of people's housing environment and cultural cultivation, spiritual civilization continues to improve, painting and calligraphy of this elegant art appreciation is also more and more favored by people, so painting and calligraphy framing is also more and more people, how to paintings and calligraphy framing has become a painting and calligraphy framing enthusiasts are most concerned about the problem, according to my years of work practice, now on this issue to talk about my personal views . Painting and calligraphy framing what is painting and calligraphy framing, framing painting and calligraphy referred to as framing, which includes the paper and silk texture of calligraphy, painting, framing, full, old painting and calligraphy decontamination, uncovering and so on. In the past, some call these jobs as "mounting", "decorating", some call "mounting", "mounting pool", also called "mounting", "mounting pool", "mounting", "mounting", "mounting", "mounting", "mounting", "mounting", "mounting". There are also called "mounting and framing", although the terms are different, the meaning is the same. Mounting paintings and calligraphy is to set a border around the work, mount two layers of rice paper on the back, and add the necessary decorations, so that the original is more solid, and easy to stretch, hanging, in order to adapt to the requirements of people's viewing. The main process of painting and calligraphy mounting due to the subject matter of painting and calligraphy and the size of the different, mounted after the use of different, painting and calligraphy mounting form is not the same, the form of a variety of different. But the painting and calligraphy regardless of what form of mounting, the mounting process can be divided into the heart of the painting, edge overlay back, grinding shaft three steps, which is the heart of the painting of the mount is the most important process in the whole framing process, and the new heart of the painting of the mount for the painting and calligraphy mounting of the first process, to summarize the different situations, can be divided into flying bracket method, wet bracket method, floating bracket method and the heart of the silk painting of the bracket and so on the three ways. Painting and calligraphy mounting style painting and calligraphy mounting is basically divided into hanging scrolls, vertical shafts, also known as the axis of the vertical axis, the hall, screen, couplets, cross, lenses, hand scrolls and albums of three major categories. Each category can be divided into a number of types due to differences in decoration and craftsmanship. Specific framing method hanging scroll in addition to the heart of the painting, generally by the circle file, water, heaven and earth, head, head of the package, the head of the shaft, heaven and earth rod, shocked at the north of Swallow, also known as the life belt, and identify the strip and other parts of the composition. The main product style has a color frame front only mounted edge and heaven and earth head, with the same kind of silk dyed in the same color, do not paste the surprise Yan. The front of the two-color mount consists of a circle file, a heaven and earth head and a stunning swallow. The color of the circle is made according to the color of the heart of the painting, the head of the sky and the earth is usually in green, and the color of the stunning swallows is the same as the color of the circle. The three-color frames are basically the same as the two-color frames, with the addition of the lower part of the water barrier. The color of the water is slightly darker than that of the circle file, and the color of the stunning swallows is the same as that of the secondary water. Xuanhe-style circle small side mounts are not set with a wide edge, only set around the heart of the painting bronze-colored small edges, the upper and lower inlaid water, sub-partition water, the upper inlaid head of the sky and sticking the alarm swallow, the lower inlaid head of the ground. Paper inlaid twisted edge with part of the laminated paper instead of renewing the silk, there are renewed for the circle file, paper for the head of heaven and earth, also known as renewed Xuanhe style. There are all the paper instead of performance circle for the circle file, heaven and earth head, and in the whole frame on both sides of the set of the edge to increase the edge of the mouth fastness, also known as the paper inlay twisted edge type. Brocade eyebrow in the heart of the painting at the top and bottom plus set a strip of brocade about centimeters wide. Ordinary framing of the small side of the color with white, light rice and other colors of brocade circle, damask heaven and earth, silk circle, damask heaven and earth framed by the two-color, three-color framed in heaven and earth head pasted with the same color as the water separator of the surprise of two Yan, half stranded does not affix the surprise of the Yan. As for the choice of brocade silk material patterns, colors, generally by the artistic value of the framed painting and calligraphy and painting color, picture content, size. In short, with the old and new shades of color to be coordinated with the heart of the painting, new paintings mounted to beautiful, old paintings mounted to simple and generous. Hand scrolls of the mounting hand scrolls of the mounting of the edge of the collision, turn the edge and set the edge of the three styles of their difference lies in the treatment of the edge. Paper edge, silk turn edge, paper set edge by the head of the package, the head of the day, the first lead, the water, the heart, the edge and the end of the bracket composition. In addition to the head of the package is mounted on the back of the head, the other are connected to the heart of the painting, the order of its connection is basically the same. The length of the framed scroll depends on the length of the heart of the painting, the height of the short meters, the longest there are meters about the length of the head of the sky, the width of the water partition, the length of the first lead, also according to the heart of the painting height. If the heart of the painting is high, the head of the sky is slightly longer, and the water barrier should be widened appropriately. If the heart of the hand scroll is high, the edge of the paper should be widened appropriately. Framing hand scrolls required materials, colors should be selected by the degree of old and new paintings heart, so that the harmony of the color of the edge of the paper usually with the old beige, dark old beige and light old beige, according to the color of the heart of the painting selection. Painting and inscription height inconsistency or converted from the booklet into a hand scroll, the size of the painting heart of different heights, generally use the silk dug inlay, to find the edge of the material, and then turn the edge, this practice is known as the "silk to turn the edge". Hand scrolls mounted with silk digging and edging way, only after the head of the day set a water barrier, the middle does not set a single water barrier, but should be left equivalent to the position of the water barrier of the hand scrolls hit the edge of the position of the width and hit the edge of the hand scrolls similar to the water barrier. Paper edge, also known as the edge or along the edge. It is a very thin old beige paper cut into narrow strips set package hand scroll up and down both sides, without the leather paper hit the edge, its specifications and hit the edge of the same hand scroll. Booklet mounting booklet mounting style butterfly, push pontoon type, by folding type and other types. Among them, the first two are common. They are made of paper for the open body, mounted after cutting all four sides, mounted on the page that is all completed in addition, there are also turning the edge of the booklet, there are set in the form of mounting. Silk and stranded for the open body in order to avoid the silk and renewed silk produced burrs, can be rolled or set of bronze-colored paper small side of the method of framing. Painting and calligraphy mounting should pay attention to several inter-title painting and calligraphy mounting seasonal according to the ancient painting and calligraphy mounting methods and mounting practice experience that the season and climate change on the quality of mounting paintings and calligraphy has a direct impact. Zhou Erxue in the Qing Dynasty in the "Appreciation of the Court Su Xin Record" said that "mounting spring and autumn cool for the best weather, yellow plum rain, high winds and cold". That is to say, in the four seasons of the year, spring and autumn are the best season for framing paintings and calligraphy spring everything is revived, not cold and not hot, autumn cool and high cool and very favorable to the framing of the written and the summer cool Department of temperature and high humidity, especially after the people of the rainy and rainy, winter cold winds, dripping into the ice, the temperature difference between the indoor temperature is very large, all of these are not conducive to the painting and calligraphy framing. However, with the continuous development and progress of science and technology in modernized society, can also continue to overcome and claim to make up for the shortcomings caused by the season, for example, winter can be used to regulate the room temperature to solve the disadvantages of low temperatures on the Northeast, in addition to the day of the ambush, can be carried out on the painting and calligraphy of the framing. The quality of painting and calligraphy framing itself for the deformation of painting and calligraphy framed pieces and layered phenomenon in addition to changes in the premature gas, but also with the impact of many factors, and painting and calligraphy framing technology and materials is to determine the nature of the key to the advantages and disadvantages. Over the years, we summarized the quality of painting and calligraphy mounting identification of four basic requirements, namely a flat, two clean, three soft, four light. Flat refers to the painting and calligraphy mounted to be flat, does not appear before the volume after the phenomenon of buckle. Net refers to the surface of the painting and calligraphy should be mounted clean, can not go ink, color, and can not appear wrinkles or stained with other dirt. Soft calligraphy and painting should be soft, natural, flat, not too hard and too thick after mounting. Light, the reverse side of the painting and calligraphy to wax pressure light compaction, to avoid wear and tear of the picture. In addition, a picture after framing whether to achieve the desired effect, in addition to the above four requirements, but also to see whether the selection of hues and the content of the work is coordinated, whether the mounting style is new, whether the size is in line with the requirements to hang up with the human line of sight as the standard, the inlays such as damask, silk, silk and silk and stains, the width of the edge of the same, the turn of the edge of the line whether it is neatly, whether the calligraphy and painting appears to be heavy leather Layers, whether waxed and polished, whether the sky and earth axis pole is bent on the right and so on. Second, the restoration of painting and calligraphy what is the restoration of painting and calligraphy, painting and calligraphy restoration refers to a number of paintings and calligraphy, due to the age or the original poorly mounted shell off or due to the collection of poorly kept moisture, mold, rotten, cracked, insect moths, rodent bites, or due to the process of circulation torn, cut or due to the long term buried in the ground rotting, iterative adhesion?6?8?6.8 the above factors, resulting in the need to re-mount. Ming Zhou Jia stomach cloud " ancient re-framing, such as the disease to extend the doctor." This shows the importance of painting and calligraphy restoration. The method of painting and calligraphy restoration of old paintings and calligraphy restoration process is relatively complex, the whole process requires a high degree of craftsmanship, cultural relics and aesthetics and other knowledge. The general process is the first need to remove the old heart from the original painting, wash away dirt and mold, repair holes, full-color brush. Later, the work is basically the same as framing paintings and calligraphy according to my experience in the Shenyang Imperial Palace collection of painting and calligraphy restoration concluded that the following ten cases first broken painting and calligraphy front to the sun or light, observation to grasp the degree of damage, so as to have a clear picture in mind. Later, the old heart of the painting will be cut down, remove the old renewed silk edge and the sky, the ground. Watch to grasp the painting heart color fading degree. If the color does not fade, you can use warm water to moisten the back of the brush and then turn over the front face up flat, repeatedly with a brush in water light wrist will be painted on the front of the rinse rinse, until the water is clear. But be careful not to brush the brush repeatedly on the picture, especially not in the heart of the paper painting and calligraphy brush, so as not to cause the bottom of the paper lint. Finally, use a towel to dry the water, dry pick up ventilation and cool dry. After, according to the heart of the painting its original color, dyeing the old paper, the color should be lighter than the heart of the painting is good, so as to be able to circle point Simbu painting colors. Dyeing paper, color mixing good after putting people in the basin, add the right amount of water, brush a piece of paper on the case, nine-tenths of it to stay out of the hitchhiking dry that is, leave an inch or so of blank rice paper strips, in order to thicken the pulp drift dry. Then use the color brush on the rolled rice paper, and then brush the color on the paper, do not brush the color water too wet, in order to avoid difficult to lift the mortgage. Color water must be moist and even. After drying the old painting heart, such as off color or too broken, must be lined with paper, after wetting the lining paper flat in the case, and then the painting heart of the front side of the first water turned over, flat in the case, and then wet the back of the part of the paper is not wet, so that it is all wet. And then use a towel to suck out part of the water, and then began to try to uncover the corner of the heart of the painting to watch the paper heart of the degree of thinness and thickness, the degree of firmness, if the paper is thin can be padded with paper, so that the hole scraping mouth will be easy to repair. If the heart of the original painting paper is difficult to uncover or affect the color of the heart of the painting, do not uncover through. If good to uncover must be uncovered. After uncovering the paper on the bottom of the heart, touching the mouth to touch half, one is directly to the heart of the painting to uncover a good hole in the hole and another is after uncovering the original paper, first attached to a layer of Toshiba color paper in the back of the mouth, according to the size of the hole on a layer of paper, the mouth is also known as the hidden hole. Must be thick paste water, otherwise the writing itself a few times moistened with water, water in the heart of the painting, not easy to bond. Use a towel to absorb some of the water, and then glue. However, the paste should not be too thick, so as not to damage the center of the painting. Brush pulp water to the heart of the painting, on the dyeing and matching the old paper, such as the heart of the long dyeing and matching the paper is not long enough, you can cut off the dyeing and matching the heart of the paper's upper mouth, overlap and support, and then the heart of the painting the back side up, suction out part of the water to dry. Let the distance is the old heart of the gauge, can let the distance cut an inch wide strip of paper, and then the back of the good heart of the edges, that is, the edge of the heart of the paper are rows of brush thick syrup water, and then let the distance of the strip of paper, and then use the brown brush rows of flat, which can play a role in the protection of the heart of the painting, so that the future unveiling of the picture no longer damage to the heart of the painting. At this time to good heart of the painting is soft, must not be hard to turn over, two people each corner and then turn over called hard to turn over soft to turn over gradually folded string store, and then along the way to the heart of the paintings of moisture absorption, flat on the case or naturally dry can be. Natural drying of the heart of the painting due to holes need to be repaired in the back of the heart of the painting glue alum water, moistened evenly, and then rolled up, gently wrestled on the case, to be opened and then rolled up the other end of the wrestling, so that the glue alum water moistened through. Open the heart of the painting, front face up, in the moistening of the alum leakage of alum water, the front can not have a white frost with a brown brush row open face flat. But the middle of the painting should be wet, if the painting heart is solid, you can beat the thick pulp on all sides, scaffolding attached to the wall in the sunshine, after the painting heart is flat and dry, it is convenient for the circle painting point to make up the color. If the heart of the painting is bad, not directly on the wall shed, to avoid cracking. Can take the wind to earn the way, that is, in the old painting the back of the heart of the wet non-side of the mouth of the pulp on the water suction on a clip of Xuan, play a role in protecting the heart of the painting, not easy to crack and blow up. Dyeing strand can be based on the rinse unmounted Tosin circle painting. To be a little lighter than the old heart of the painting color, dyeing and matching stranded, back paper two layers of single Xuan, together with the silk wrapped hand, cut down the side and the sky, the ground head, relocation of strips, under the hitching post. And then the old paintings set composite together on the wall, that is, on the shed, after a period of time down the wall. On the back of the painting wax, calendaring, with a good heaven and earth rod, bolted to the rope, tied to the tie, to this picture on the framing and repair is completed three, painting and calligraphy storage and collection of framed paintings and calligraphy how to store and collection of professionals and enthusiasts is a crucial part of our often encountered a lot of paintings and calligraphy due to improper storage, and do not have to be caused by the breakage. One of the main reasons is that some of the framers poor technology, the framing out of the calligraphy and painting there is this or that quality problems. Secondly, the lack of common sense on the collection of painting and calligraphy storage. In order to keep good calligraphy and painting and collection of good calligraphy and painting should do the following points in the painting and calligraphy framed for the completion of the axle width, storage should not be too tight to the painting and calligraphy roll, which will make the painting and calligraphy up out of the too loose or painting and calligraphy anti-roll will also make it easy to fold the painting and calligraphy hanging the best right hand to hold the painting and calligraphy fork picking the painting and drawing rope, the left hand holding the painting and calligraphy pole in the middle of the display of paintings and calligraphy, one person to haul pinch the central part of the day pole, the other two hand-held paintings and calligraphy will be unfolding the painting, do not fingers! Don't hold the top edge of the painting, so as not to top out the folding marks. Such as the screen without the head of the shaft, to use both hands to grasp the shaft to unfold the painting and calligraphy axis after framing, it is best to be stored in moisture-proof camphor wood box or bookcase drawers layered flat, do not loaded in a plastic bag or stacked together and squeezed each other. Conditions are best with the painting box, box put some camphor fine block or moisture absorber. Painting and calligraphy should not be hung for a long time after framing, especially from the wind, windows, sunlight far from some winter to distance from the heater far from some, in order to avoid deformation. If the room is particularly dry or particularly humid, it is even more inappropriate to hang paintings and calligraphy. No framed pieces of calligraphy and painting, collection, the best with leather rice paper wrapped rolled, not the painting and calligraphy pieces of folded or probing pressed together for long-term storage, not to appreciate the convenience of temporary, that is, with white glue or chemical paste, nails and so on the wall of the paintings. It is desirable to wrap the painting and calligraphy after standing in the bookcase storage.