What are the cultural characteristics of China's annual diet customs?

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Cultural characteristics of dietary customs;

(a) multiple compounds

Pluralistic composition is first reflected in the large number of participants, involving all levels of society. Every New Year's Festival, all kinds of food and cultural activities should be carried out in urban and rural areas, officials and people, rich and poor, old and young. During the festival, families get together to celebrate. In case of major festivals, the whole society reacts, and members from all walks of life and people worship, feast and communicate with each other. Secondly, it is reflected in the multiple functions of cultural activities. It often integrates the functions of farming, entertainment, eating, communication and faith, such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. The diet and cultural activities of these festivals are often organically combined with folk activities such as ancestor worship, gathering of new friends, social activities and holiday entertainment, thus forming a colorful and lively social picture. The third body appears in the blending of various cultures. Farming culture, primitive religious culture, Buddhist culture and Taoist culture are integrated into the festival food culture, which makes the festival food culture rich and colorful.

(2) Ancestor worship and good worship

Due to the isolation and isolation of China's traditional farming society, in ancient times when science and technology were underdeveloped, people were easy to be awed by nature; Coupled with the shackles of religious beliefs, the rulers pretended to be ghosts, and the ancients believed in animism more; In addition, China people have a tradition of offering sacrifices to their ancestors and worshipping God, so the people often pin their good wishes on festival sacrifices and extravagance in order to pray for God's blessing. On New Year's Day, people will specially cook special food to show their piety to the ancestors and gods, and also to show their respect to the existing elders to show their sincerity.

(3) Utilitarianism

People's diet activities in festivals all reveal the utility of pursuing advantages and avoiding disadvantages. I want to eat rice cakes during the Spring Festival, and I can eat fish every year. Eating yuanxiao on the fifteenth day of the first month symbolizes a happy reunion; Eating zongzi and salted eggs to strengthen the body and seek children during the Dragon Boat Festival; Eating moon cakes in Mid-Autumn Festival means reunion, "touching the autumn to send melons", for the sake of children; Kitchen God Festival provides candy for the kitchen so that the kitchen god will not speak ill of the world, so that the weather will be good in the coming year; Having a family reunion dinner on New Year's Eve means family reunion and happiness. Some sacrificial activities are also to protect the gods and the safety of the whole family.

(4) unusual

The diet level of ordinary residents in ancient China was quite low, and they seldom ate meat on weekdays. In a good harvest year, you can only eat enough, and in a bad harvest year, it is difficult to eat enough, and it can only be "sugar vegetables for half a year." Festive meals are relatively rich. In some areas, the "annual meal" and "half-moon meal" on the fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month are called two full meals in a year. Although exaggerated, it reflects to some extent that there is a great difference between the daily diet of ordinary people and the holiday diet. Holiday diet is the highest or highest level that every family's living standard can reach. Another unusual thing is people's mentality during the holidays. Only on the first day of New Year's Day can they relax their muscles and nerves, and it is easy to have abnormal behavior. For example, during the Spring Festival, children are allowed to drink, the elderly are allowed to live, the reunion dinner can be eaten and drunk, and the leftovers are advocated. These are not normal at ordinary times, but they are considered reasonable during the Chinese New Year.

Regional differences

In fact, there are regional differences in the dietary cultural activities of ancient folk festivals in China. Different regions and nationalities have their own unique festivals. For example, in the north, there are rare food and cultural activities such as the Jiacai Festival and the Dragon Head Festival in the south, while the popular food and cultural activities such as the Spring Festival in the south are not in the north. The food and cultural activities of the same festival are also very different in different regions. For example, in the Lantern Festival, there are many "diseases" in the north, and the game of welcoming the gods in the south is prevalent; The Buddha Bath Festival is easy to make "black rice" in the south, but it is also different from the north.

(six) significant function

The traditional wine bottle day has important social functions. People can strengthen the ties between new ethnic groups and adjust interpersonal relationships through banquets and a series of festival activities; Integrate the consciousness of communities and social groups, unite tribes and improve their survival and competitiveness; Adjust and improve the diet; Provide opportunities for socializing and mate selection; Promote the development of commodity economy; Continuously improve the quality of food production.