What impact does the tourism development of ancient villages in Anyi, Jiangxi have on the local area?

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Protective development model of ancient villages

The ancient village is a unique village, and it is a residential building community of rural people in the historical period, which generally has a history of hundreds to thousands of years. Most of the ancient villages that can be completely preserved to this day are in remote areas. Because the ancient village inherits the history and culture, it is a settlement that follows the folk customs. It has unique architectural style, rich cultural connotation and profound cultural background, so it has extremely high historical and cultural value. With the development of society, the number and distribution of ancient villages are becoming less and less. Compared with modern folk houses, the difference and scarcity endow them with higher tourism value, and tourism has become a typical model of economic development in ancient villages.

As a historical and cultural heritage, the tourism development of ancient villages is different from other forms of rural tourism.

Because many ancient villages have a long history and simple facilities, under the impact of modern life and tourism development, many ancient village buildings are in danger of demolition and reconstruction. Once these situations happen, it will not only destroy the historical and cultural heritage, but also destroy the overall ornamental value of ancient villages, which will have a very adverse impact on the value and long-term development of ancient villages. Therefore, no matter what stage of development, the protection of ancient villages should be put in the first place, which is a necessary condition for ancient villages to realize their value, and it is also one of the characteristics that the development model of ancient villages protection is different from other rural tourism development models.

Like other rural tourism development models, the active participation of villagers is the key to the protection and development of ancient villages. Ancient villages are places where villagers produce and live, and the protective development of ancient villages depends on villagers themselves. Through the development of tourism industry, villagers can benefit from the protective development of ancient villages, find the key points of protecting ancient villages and villagers, and improve people's initiative and enthusiasm for village protection. At the same time, the benefits brought by the protective development of ancient villages can be invested in the construction of infrastructure and ecological environment in the village to improve the living standards of villagers, thus bringing many benefits.

[Case 1]

Protection and Development of "Bagua Village"

Zhuge Village, located in Lanxi, Zhejiang Province, is the largest settlement of Zhuge Liang's descendants. The reason why it is called "Bagua Village" stems from its unique layout. According to historical records, Zhuge Village was designed and laid out by Zhuge Liang's 27th generation Master Sun Zhuge according to Jiugong Bagua. The village is located in eight directions and is surrounded by eight hills, which becomes the outer gossip; The village takes "Zhongchi" as the core, and eight alleys extend outward from it, during which houses are arranged radially, forming an inner gossip. Zhuge village has a history of more than 600 years. Most of the buildings in the village were formed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Although hundreds of years have passed, more than 200 houses and halls are still well preserved, and the village pattern of "Nine Palaces and Eight Diagrams" has not changed, which is a model of ancient Chinese villages and houses. 1996165438+10, Zhuge Village was approved by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Zhuge village has experienced a series of changes from being forgotten to developing.

1. Transformation of protection mode

Zhuge village is well known to the world, which originated from the renovation of a building in the village.

199 1 year, Zhuge Liang Memorial Hall, which was built in the Yuan Dynasty in Zhuge Village, was on the verge of collapse due to disrepair. Dagongtang

It is the memorial hall for ancestors in Zhuge Village, and the oldest and most representative building in Zhuge Village 18 Hall. Due to the weak collective economy at that time, it was unable to pay hundreds of thousands of yuan for maintenance. Under the collective discussion of the villagers, the "Xiu Da Ting Parliament" was established. The Council consists of more than 20 village cadres, village representatives, retired teachers and retired cadres. Committee members work for free. They sent letters to collect money from descendants of Zhuge who worked all over the country and lived abroad. At the same time, the village committee mobilized villagers to make voluntary donations. Thanks to the efforts of the Council, 6.5438+0.80 million yuan was raised, and the emergency repair of the grand hall was completed in 654.38+0.992.

Chen Zhihua, a professor from Tsinghua University, visited Xinye Village in Jiande and was introduced to Zhuge Village by his colleagues. I am surprised to see that the ancient villages in Zhuge Village are still so well preserved, with large stocks, neat architectural shapes and exquisite structures. With the help of some old comrades, such as the Senate of Zhuge Village Grand Court, more than 20 teachers and students in Tsinghua University conducted an investigation on Zhuge Village for more than a month. They believe that Zhuge Village is a representative ancient village with local architectural culture in southern China, and call on the municipal government to take measures to protect it. So it attracted the attention of Lanxi municipal government and began a series of protection work for Zhuge Village.

1992, the Lanxi municipal government announced Zhuge village as a famous historical and cultural village and a key cultural relic protection unit in Lanxi city. Established the "Zhuge Village Cultural Relics Protection Leading Group" composed of the municipal government, the Cultural Bureau, towns and village cadres. At the same time, the ancestral hall of the Prime Minister, which used the original grain depot to run a soy sauce factory, was returned to Zhuge Village.

1993, the national symposium on Zhuge Liang was held in Zhuge Village, which was the largest settlement of descendants of Zhuge Liang in China and was affirmed by research experts. Zhuge Liang's cultural excavation laid the foundation for the future tourism development of Zhuge Village's main cultural brands.

1994 Zhuge Village established the "Zhuge Cultural Relics Tourism Management Office" to try out the opening of foreign tourism. The management office is presided over by the members of the village Committee for daily tourism management, operating independently and accounting independently. It is subordinate to the "Cultural Relics Protection Leading Group" and the Cultural Relics Tourism Management Office.

1995, Lanxi municipal government declared the national key cultural protection unit to National Cultural Heritage Administration, 1996, 12, and Zhuge Village was approved as the national key cultural protection unit by the State Council.

1997, "Zhuge Cultural Relics Protection Management Office" was established. Wenbao Institute was established by the municipal government. After the establishment of Wenbao Institute, with the cooperation of the village committee, it began to investigate, count, compile archives and formulate protection measures for the ancient buildings in Zhuge Village. 1997 The protection plan of Zhuge Village compiled by the School of Architecture of Tsinghua University was approved. The overall protection of Zhuge village has been guaranteed by law.

2. The transformation of tourism management mode

1996, the local government thinks that the system of Zhuge Village is not smooth and the mechanism is not alive. In order to develop tourism, the original system of Zhuge village was changed, and the original "Cultural Relics Tourism Management Office" of Zhuge village was taken over, and the "Zhuge Tourism Company" headed by the local town government was established and handed over to the town government for management.

Because the travel company exists in name only, it has neither assets nor capital investment, and only relies on collecting tickets as the source of funds. At the same time, these ticket revenues have to be returned to Zhuge Village, which owns property rights. Apart from office expenses, travel companies are basically unprofitable.

For Zhuge village, the government's management of tourism projects with original property rights belongs to itself, which makes the cadres and villagers in Zhuge village feel helpless and dissatisfied, which seriously affects the enthusiasm of the village Committee and villagers to protect ancient buildings and tourism infrastructure.

At the same time, because of the impure property rights, the government is unwilling to invest in the protection of ancient buildings in Zhuge Village. The maintenance of ancient buildings and the comprehensive improvement of village environment have invested a lot of money, and the cost of repairing an old house is several times higher than that of buying an old house. Moreover, the investment cost of ancient village protection and development is difficult to be recognized as the share of property rights coordinated with village collectives and villagers, forming fixed assets, and it is difficult to unify the interests of investment operators and property owners.

Under this dual effect, the ancient buildings in Zhuge Village have lost their effective protection system, and are facing great risks of being destroyed under the impact of tourism development.

After more than two years of multi-head management and multi-party operation, many problems exposed by this management system have prompted the local government to change its concept and think that Zhuge Village should be the main management system for the protection and development of tourism resources.

1998, the government faded out of the direct management of tourism companies and returned the management right to Zhuge Village. After several years of exploration and practice, the cadres and villagers in Zhuge Village have also realized the importance of cultural relics protection and the value of tourism development in Zhuge Village. The concept of village cadres and villagers has changed, and they decided to develop tourism as the main industry of Zhuge Village.

For the management of tourism development, Zhuge Village adopts the management mode of "village committee+tourism company+cultural protection office":

(1) The functions of the villagers' committee and Zhuge Tourism Company are divided as follows: the two committees are respectively responsible for villagers' building, examination and approval, infrastructure investment, environmental sanitation management, villagers' welfare treatment, maintenance and protection of ancient buildings, tourism project investment and administrative affairs. Zhuge Tourism Development Co., Ltd. is responsible for scenic spot management, scenic spot management and promotion;

(2) Zhuge Tourism Development Co., Ltd. is an operating enterprise under the jurisdiction of Zhuge Village Committee and Village Economic Cooperative. The assets of the company belong to the administrative village economic cooperative, and the village Committee is also the board of directors of Zhuge Tourism Development Co., Ltd.;

(3) The travel company conducts independent accounting, and the ticket income is turned over to the village collective in proportion, and the village committee (board of directors) issues certain economic assessment indicators to the company every year;

(4) The Cultural Relics Protection Management Office is the leading institution for cultural relics protection. The Cultural Relics Institute and Zhuge Village are jointly responsible for the maintenance and renovation of ancient houses, as well as the examination and approval of new houses, and give technical guidance on the self-maintenance of houses in the village.

This economic management system clarifies the relationship and responsibility between the state, the collective and the individual. For villages, the combination of property rights and management rights makes management more effective. The village has autonomy in village protection and tourism development, and can better allocate funds according to its own actual situation. For villagers, the protection and development of buildings are directly related to their immediate interests, so they protect and maintain the buildings and environment of the village more consciously; The government looked at the specific protection measures of the buildings in the village through the Cultural Protection Institute, and effectively protected the ancient buildings from the macro level.

3. Rural environmental improvement

If the ancient buildings are the hardware for developing tourism in Zhuge Village, then the environment in the village is the software for developing tourism, which is equally essential. In order to improve its own tourism value, Zhuge Village has invested a lot of money in the construction of tourism infrastructure and comprehensively managed the village environment:

(1) Improve the village in an all-round way, clean up the ponds in the village, bring tap water into the village, transform tap water, bury three lines (wires, telephone lines and cable TV lines) and sewage pipes in the village, and bring the sewage out of the village for purification. The toilets in the village have been rebuilt.

(2) Rebuilding the cement road in the village, using the old bricks, old slates and red sandstone strips collected during the transformation of the old city to carry out antique paving, thus restoring the original historical features.

(3) The village has set up a full-time fire brigade composed of four people, equipped with all kinds of fire-fighting equipment and fire-fighting equipment, and is on duty 24 hours a day.

For the overall development planning and layout of Zhuge Village, they hired professionals to provide technical guidance. Through a lot of work, the village environment has been changed and the whole village landscape has gradually formed an organic whole.

4. Protection and development of ancient buildings and traditional culture

In the development of Zhuge Village, one thing is very clear: ancient buildings and their internal culture are the value core of Zhuge Village and the source of tourism resources. Only by protecting all the ancient buildings in Zhuge Village and promoting its cultural connotation can the tourism in Zhuge Village have vitality. Protecting ancient buildings and culture means protecting the integrity of these architectural landscapes and protecting their historical and cultural values from being destroyed.

For the protection of ancient buildings, Zhuge Village first repaired those buildings that were easily damaged due to disrepair, and successively repaired 7 halls and more than 50 houses.

At the same time of maintenance, repair and restore the damaged ancient buildings as much as possible.

Shangtang Ancient Commercial Street, built in the middle of Qing Dynasty, is flat around 1958, with buildings built on it. In 200 1 year, the village invested100,000 yuan to restore the ancient commercial street in Shangtang, demolishing the above-ground buildings and re-excavating Shangtang, thus restoring the ancient style of the ancient commercial street. Xiao Jie Square in the village was demolished during the Cultural Revolution, and some original components were scattered outside the village or in villagers' homes. Through the efforts of the village, a large number of original parts were collected, and after assembly, a Xiao Jie Square, a heart-piercing pavilion and a dead baby tower were restored on the original site.

In terms of maintenance methods, Zhuge Village adopted the method of "repairing the old with the old" based on the principle of "restoring history without changing its original appearance". As far as possible, the materials used in the maintenance are old wood, old wood carvings, old wood and other old materials collected by the people, which not only saves the cost, but also "repairs the old as the old".

The long-term maintenance of ancient buildings has formed a unique architectural system in Zhuge Village. There is a native craftsman team in the village. These carpenters, masons, masons and sculptors have been groping and imitating in practice under the guidance of professionals. While inheriting and exerting ancestral crafts, they gradually mastered the structure, style and repair methods of buildings in historical times. Their works have been recognized by architectural experts in the restoration project of Shangtang ancient commercial street and the overall restoration project of "Sanrongtang". The formation and growth of this construction team has played an important role in the protection and repair of Zhuge Village.

Ancient culture is the intangible assets of Zhuge Village. For tourism developed through ancient buildings, the exertion of culture will inject more vitality into the development of tourism. In this regard, Zhuge Village has carried out in-depth excavation of traditional folk culture. The village has resumed the traditional ancestor worship activities on April 14 and August 28 every year, as well as the Lantern Festival on the bench. Taking Zhuge Liang's family culture, traditional Chinese medicine culture and clean government culture as carriers, the cultural connotation of Zhuge Village was fully displayed and publicized. Through these activities, we can not only inherit and carry forward the traditional culture, but also improve the tourism value of Zhuge Village and increase its attraction to tourists.

5. Coordination of contradictions between villagers and ancient buildings

In the maintenance of ancient buildings in the village, there are also some contradictions between villagers and ancient buildings. With the development of the times, some young people in the village are not used to living in old houses, and villagers are not willing to spend a lot of money to repair old houses. For these contradictions, the village Committee has adopted several ways to deal with them:

First, the village committee negotiates with the householder to purchase the house. After the property rights are owned by the village collective, the village collective will pay for the maintenance.

Second, the village collective gives certain maintenance subsidies to households with poor economic conditions and real difficulties in maintenance to help them maintain their houses.

Third, for some houses that are owned by several families, but the maintenance funds are difficult to be uniformly distributed, and the houses that are on the verge of collapse, the village Committee will take compulsory maintenance. The head of the household is required to sign an agreement with the village Committee to carry out emergency repairs after evaluating the dangerous houses. The emergency repair fee shall be paid in advance by the village committee, and the right to use the repaired house shall belong to the village committee. After the householder pays the maintenance fee within five years, the village Committee will return the right to use it. After more than five years, the village Committee will pay the house price assessed before maintenance to the householder, and the property rights will belong to the village Committee.

For villagers whose living area is not enough or whose old houses are really uninhabitable, the village arranges them to build houses in the new district. However, before approving the homestead, an old house protection contract must be signed with the village Committee, stipulating that the village Committee will still assume the responsibility of maintaining the old house before and after the new house is built and moved out. If the old house is not protected and maintained and damaged, the village has the right to forcibly take it into collective custody and use.

While actively taking measures to protect ancient buildings, village collectives also actively raise villagers' awareness of protection. The village has formulated a series of village rules and regulations. If the villagers are required to destroy the ancient buildings, cultural relics and village environment in the village, the village Committee will terminate all the welfare benefits of their families; At the same time, the village has also carried out a series of publicity activities, such as printing calendars with relevant provisions of the Cultural Relics Law and village regulations and conventions by the village every Spring Festival and distributing them to the villagers, which has played a certain positive publicity role.

6. Improve the ability of sustainable development

After the ancient buildings are effectively protected and moderately developed. Zhuge village has also strengthened the transformation of the surrounding environment. By collectively renting the villagers' private plots on the hillside around the village, Chinese herbal medicines such as camphor tree, pine tree, peach tree, pear tree, ginkgo biloba and hibiscus were planted, which improved the regional ecological environment, alleviated the adverse impact of the influx of tourists and villagers' life on the natural environment to a certain extent, improved the tourism added value of Zhuge Village, and promoted the gradual transformation of tourism from a single sightseeing type to a diversified leisure type.

[Case 2]

Create the brand of "Imperial City and Xiangfu"

Huangcheng Village, located in the Fan Chuan Canyon at the west foot of Taihang Mountain in the southeast of Shanxi Province, is a small mountain village with only 700 people. The fame of Huangcheng Village benefits from the village's Huangcheng auspicious symbols. The Forbidden City is the former residence of Chen Tingjing, the chief reader of Kangxi Dictionary, a college student in Wenyuange, a senior official in the official department and a teacher of Emperor Kangxi.

The imperial city is divided into inner city and outer city buildings. The inner city was built by Chen Tingjing's uncle Chen Chang during the Renwu period of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1642), and the outer city was built by Chen Tingjing in the 42nd year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1703). Xiangfu is a well-preserved ancient building in Ming and Qing dynasties, which combines the essence of Ming and Qing architecture and is built on the mountain, taking advantage of the trend.

The development of tourism in Huangcheng Village began at the end of last century.

Before the development of tourism, the industry of Huangcheng Village was mainly coal, and the exploitation of underground resources was the main source of economic income in the village. Located on the edge of the village, the Imperial City Xiangfu used to be just the ordinary residence of the villagers. With the continuous exploitation of underground resources, Huangcheng Village began to realize that this economic development model was unsustainable. Inspired by the development of tourism in other areas, they realized that the imperial city in the village is a valuable tourism resource that has not yet been developed.

In order to confirm the value of the imperial city, Zhang Jiasheng, a village party secretary, went to Beijing to consult experts and scholars and other professionals with books such as Kangxi Dictionary and Wu Ting Wen Bian. After a series of efforts,199765438+February, famous experts and scholars from all over the country gathered in Huangcheng Village, where the "Academic Seminar of Chen Tingjing, a Famous Person in Qing Dynasty" was held. Relevant experts and scholars spoke highly of the ancient architectural complex and its owner Chen Tingjing, and affirmed the profound historical and cultural heritage of the Imperial City Xiangfu, which is of great development value.

Subsequently, 1998- 10, the "academic seminar on Chen Tingjing, a famous figure in the Qing Dynasty and the ancient buildings of the imperial city" held in Luoyang further clarified the value of the imperial city as a prime minister, and at the same time opened the prelude to the tourism development of the imperial city village.

After determining the tourism value of the imperial city auspicious symbols, the village began to develop tourism for the auspicious symbols.

At the beginning of development, there were many difficulties. At that time, the concept of villagers was still relatively backward and in a very conservative state, especially those living in Xiangfu. They don't want to move out of auspicious symbols because of tourism development, and they don't want their accustomed life to be broken. Therefore, some villagers are puzzled and even opposed to tourism development.

In view of this situation, Huangcheng Village is doing villagers' work seriously, and village cadres are doing ideological work door to door, patiently communicating with them the advantages and disadvantages of tourism development. At the same time, the village also organized some villagers to visit cultural and tourist attractions in the province, Beijing, Suzhou and Hangzhou. The villagers who walked out of the mountain village saw the booming tourism in other places, and their thoughts changed accordingly. Thanks to the meticulous work in the village, the villagers' thoughts have been clarified, the development path of tourism has been recognized, and they have begun to actively cooperate with the work in the village.

In order to transfer the villagers in Xiangfu, the village raised funds from various sources to build more than 20 sets of modern houses/kloc-0, and properly arranged the villagers' relocation. Subsequently, the village began to comprehensively repair the auspicious symbols, and at the same time deeply excavated and sorted out the cultural value and connotation of the auspicious symbols. At the same time of the restoration work, Huangcheng Village actively contacted relevant departments, and established tourism development and tourism management departments such as Huangcheng Ancient Culture Research Center, Huangcheng Xiangfu Management Office and Huangcheng Xiangfu Tourism Company, which started the tourism industry in an all-round way.

Because of "hiding in deep alleys for a long time", the outside world has not paid much attention to the start of tourism in Huangcheng Village. However, at 200 1, Huangcheng Village seized a good opportunity to promote itself, made the Huangcheng Xiangfu famous all over the world, and the tourism industry began to flourish. This opportunity is the TV series Kangxi Dynasty.

In 200 1 year, the village learned that the large-scale TV series "Kangxi Dynasty" was about to start shooting, and the village leaders thought it was a good opportunity. They are inspired by the experience of tourism development in other regions, and most of the tourist attractions in film and television dramas will leave a deep impression on the audience, which will greatly improve the social visibility of tourist areas and have a positive impact on tourism development. In particular, the Forbidden City, as the former residence of Chen Tingjing, a teacher of Kangxi, has a direct connection with the film and television content in the TV series Kangxi Dynasty, so "borrowing drama for publicity" is an excellent opportunity for external publicity.

After the village made the decision to participate in the play, it immediately contacted the crew, explaining the historical origin of Huangcheng Village and the play, and the desire of Huangcheng Village to participate in the filming. Since the TV series had been filmed at that time, the crew said that if the filming publicity requirements put forward by Huangcheng Village were to be met, it would cost 3 million yuan for script modification and related filming publicity expenses.

For Huangcheng Village, 3 million yuan is not a small sum. Regarding whether to make this investment, the village leaders have weighed the interest relationship between capital investment and expected output after repeated consideration. After many discussions and repeated deliberations, they finally thought that the TV series Kangxi Dynasty was a powerful platform for the imperial city to publicize. The investment of 3 million yuan will not only bring about the growth of tourism interests, but also have a lasting effect on the social influence of the Prime Minister of the Imperial Capital. Finally, they decided to spend 3 million yuan to participate in the filming.

As a result, with the efforts of Huangcheng Village, Chen Tingjing, a famous historical and cultural figure, became an important role in this historical masterpiece, and Huangcheng Xiangfu also became the location of TV series shooting. As expected by Huangcheng Village, "Kangxi Dynasty" was deeply favored by the audience after it was broadcast in the prime time of CCTV, and the unique Huangcheng Xiangfu in the play also became a topic that people talked about after dinner.

The purpose of publicity has been achieved, and the economic benefits have arrived as scheduled. In 2002, Huangcheng Village ushered in the return of publicity, and the fire scene of going to Huangcheng Xiangfu continued. In that year, they received 250,000 tourists, and the ticket income alone reached more than 7 million yuan, achieving a comprehensive income of more than 20 million yuan. During the "Eleventh" Golden Week alone, the peak number of tourists reached more than 8,000. The imperial city has become a tourist hotspot in southeastern Shanxi. Since then, the number of tourists in Huangcheng Village has been at a high level, and the influence of Kangxi Dynasty has continued.

Huangcheng Village, which saw effective propaganda, made several moves after the Kangxi Dynasty, which led to the shooting of film and television dramas such as Ghost Soldiers I Know and Queen Khitan in Huangcheng. In August 2003, Huangcheng Village bought out the naming rights of the 7520/75 17 train from Luoyang, Henan Province to Jiafeng, Shanxi Province, and named the train "Huangcheng Xiangfu". This series of propaganda means has continuously expanded the social influence of the Imperial City Xiangfu, and the Imperial City Xiangfu has become more and more familiar to tourists, so the tourism of the Imperial City Xiangfu has developed rapidly.

From the process of building a tourism brand in Huangcheng Village, we can see that the cultural communication consciousness, propaganda consciousness and marketing consciousness of Huangcheng Village are the important reasons why Huangcheng Xiangfu was quickly accepted by the society. The excavation and presentation of Huangcheng Village's own culture has deepened the social impression and impression of the Prime Minister of Huangcheng. Strong publicity has aroused widespread concern; Flexible marketing consciousness makes the tourism of Huangcheng Village flourish.

[revelation]

In the protective development of ancient villages, the possession of ancient village resources is a prerequisite. There are ancient villages with different styles all over China: Anhui and Jiangxi have Huizhou ancient villages, which are natural and simple; Distributed in ancient villages with simple style in Shaanxi and Northwest China; Ancient water villages distributed in Zhejiang and Jiangsu; North courtyard buildings distributed in Shanxi; Lingnan ancient villages distributed in Fujian and Guangdong; Southwest ancient villages distributed in Sichuan and Chongqing areas; Nanzhao ancient village group distributed in Yunnan; Ancient villages in Hunan and Guizhou. These ancient villages have their own characteristics, high historical and cultural value, and all have the resource conditions for protective development.

As can be seen from the case of the development of ancient villages, there are several key points in the process of realizing the protection and development model of ancient villages from being forgotten to attracting worldwide attention:

1. Value perception

In the development process of Zhuge Bagua Village and Huangcheng Village, from seclusion in the boudoir and obscurity to fame in the world, there is the same driving factor for change: gaining value recognition. This recognition includes not only the recognition of academic values such as history and culture from the perspective of experts and scholars, but also the recognition of tourists' tourism values such as ancient village landscape and taste.

For local villagers, the ancient village is just a house that has been familiar for a long time, and it is a place to live and work. There is no special value. For the outside world, those rafter tiles that have experienced vicissitudes have unique and precious value. The appraisal of experts and scholars, tourists' perception and publicity of ancient villages, and the active publicity of ancient villages have built a bridge between ancient villages and the outside world, and the tourism value of ancient villages has also been reflected in this process.

2. Protection is the prerequisite

To realize the tourism development of ancient villages, the first and most important thing is the protection of ancient villages. Buildings in ancient villages, as non-renewable resources, once destroyed, will disappear forever, so there is no long-term development and utilization. Therefore, in the process of development, we should pay special attention to the protection of ancient buildings and avoid quick success and instant benefit. In terms of protection methods, we should not only follow the corresponding national protection laws and regulations, but also find a road that conforms to our own environment and conditions in combination with the actual situation.

3. Planning is the forerunner

Planning has long-term strategic significance for the development of ancient villages. In the process of development, we must first formulate a long-term planning system, and a clear planning system will form a corresponding security system to restrain blind development and avoid short-sighted behavior. Through the future development planning, determine where the village can develop and where it can't move, and combine protection, restoration and development. While planning the development of historical sites, we should also pay attention to the development of local natural landscapes to avoid the destruction of historical sites by blind development.

4. The active participation of villagers is the key.

The villagers' ideas have influenced the development of ancient villages to some extent. Due to clan concept and traditional culture, self-sufficiency, emphasizing agriculture and restraining business, etc., villagers hold an exclusive attitude towards the development of tourism service industry, which will have a very adverse impact on the development of ancient villages.

In the work of changing villagers' ideas, we should be good at persuading rather than forcibly changing them. At the beginning of the development of tourism in Huangcheng Village, there were still many families living in Xiangfu. Some people can't figure out how to let them move to a new village and vacate their old houses to develop tourism. In this regard, the village organized some villagers to travel to the Wangjia Courtyard, the Qiaojia Courtyard and the Forbidden City in Beijing. Through what they saw and heard, these villagers completely changed their ideas, re-recognized the precious wealth left by their ancestors, and began to actively cooperate with the development of tourism in the village.

5. Strengthen infrastructure construction

When tourists come to ancient villages, while enjoying the rich historical and cultural value of ancient villages, whether the tourism infrastructure is perfect is also an important indicator of tourists' satisfaction with their trip to ancient villages. Lack of basic sanitation facilities and imperfect accommodation and catering services will make it impossible to retain tourists. A complete infrastructure will improve tourists' satisfaction with ancient village tourism, which is conducive to the long-term development of ancient village tourism.

6. How to solve the funding problem?

In the protective development of ancient villages, capital is a restrictive issue. The protection funds provided by the government are often a drop in the bucket for the protection of ancient buildings. In this situation, ancient villages can use social funds to carry out the protective development of ancient villages, and the proceeds from reuse can be returned to this part of funds, which can make the protection of ancient villages embark on a benign and sustainable road.

During the development of Zhuge Village, the lack of funds for the maintenance of ancient buildings was once a headache for them. In order to solve this problem, they do it through various channels. On the one hand, they strive for financial support from the government; On the other hand, through private lending, bank loans, social donations and other means. Obtaining funds through multiple channels ensured the early protection and development of Zhuge Village, and Zhuge Village was able to break through the obstacles of funds and embark on the road of sustainable development.

7. Solve the contradiction between the protection of ancient dwellings and the housing needs of villagers.

Most villagers living in ancient houses can't adapt to modern life, and with the increase of family population, the requirements for housing are higher. For this contradiction, we should find a suitable way out for the villagers to improve their living conditions according to the actual situation.

For the poor conditions of the ancient houses in the village, the villagers can be allowed to decorate the interior appropriately within the scope permitted by the protection laws and regulations to improve the living conditions. For those with tight living conditions and insufficient housing supply capacity in the village, we can consider building a new village, appropriately transferring the residents of the ancient village outside the ancient village, and solving the contradiction of villagers' housing needs. In the process of new rural planning and construction, we should actively strive for the support of the government and other departments.

8. Intangible resources should also be valued.

The value of ancient villages lies not only in their unique tangible buildings and cultural relics, but also in their rich intangible rural culture and human resources, and also has high value. While giving full play to tangible material value, giving full play to intangible cultural value will increase the tourism value of ancient villages and enhance their attraction.

9. Market business activities

The protection of ancient village buildings and the excavation of cultural connotation are the basis of ancient village tourism development, and the development of market is the key to tourism development. The prosperity of ancient village tourism needs a certain popularity and reputation to promote it, and proper marketing and publicity will greatly promote the development of ancient village tourism. With the help of film and television dramas, Huangcheng Village made Huangcheng Xiangfu famous, and Zhuge Bagua Village also attracted tourists because of its unique charm. They all explored the most unique aspect of the village, formed their own brands through marketing, improved public awareness and promoted the rapid development of tourism.

[Outlook]

With the development of economy and society, as a valuable non-renewable resource, the value of these unique ancient villages will increase day by day. Therefore, those villages with ancient village cultural resources should attach great importance to their precious resources, realize that these resources are potential and constantly appreciating capital, and look at them from a long-term perspective. Even if it cannot be developed immediately due to conditions, it should be actively protected, and other industries can be used to develop first, and then their valuable cultural values can be transformed when the time is ripe.