What is the development trend of pig industry at present?

The pig industry in China is facing a period of intense market turbulence. Farmers raise pigs for the purpose of intensification and industrialization. Specialized, large-scale and industrialized pig raising shows the characteristics of high efficiency, good quality and good comprehensive benefits, but it also faces severe pig diseases and food safety problems. It has become the focus to guide the pig industry to implement market transformation, implement pig disease purification and multi-point safety production, implement green pork and brand strategy, and implement the interactive sustainable development strategy of pig environmental protection and agriculture.

Summarize the development law of pig industry, examine the reality of pig industry production development, and combine the national demand for pork food, from which we can analyze the future trend of pig industry:

(1) The proportion of decentralized pig-raising by industrialized farmers, the main body of pig-raising, decreased, while the proportion of industrialized pig-raising increased. After 20 10, the proportion of industrialized pig raising will exceed 50%. After 2020, the proportion of industrialized pig raising is expected to rise to 70%. The ups and downs of the pig market economy led by farmers will be transformed into a relatively flat pig market led by factories. Coupled with the national environmental protection and market access mechanism, the association's standardization of sow bases will make the pig industry develop steadily and healthily, and the pig market economy will gradually become rational from madness.

(2) Several rounds of market ups and downs, the loss of raising pigs, killing pigs and selling meat to please. As the saying goes, pigs are not as good as those who sell pigs, those who sell pigs are not as good as those who kill pigs, and those who kill pigs are not as good as those who sell meat. In the long run, where is the way for pig farmers? Only by combining making money with losing money can the interests of related industries be shared, the risk of raising pigs can be controlled, the brand of pork can be built and the safety strategy can be realized. That is, from feed production to breeding pig breeding, to fat pig production, to pig slaughter, to chain sales, additional biogas production, and compound fertilizer production and processing. Industrialized management will surely become an important part of pig industry.

(3) Variety types change rapidly With the improvement of people's living standards, people began to increase the demand for lean meat, so fat pigs were gradually eliminated, and lean pigs were generally valued and developed. The carcass fat content decreased year by year, while the carcass lean meat content increased year by year. Excellent breeds will gradually replace local breeds, and develop into exotic ternary and special strains, and combine the blood of China excellent local pigs with exotic cross combinations to improve meat quality and reproductive performance, and develop into high-quality and high-yield flavor meat.

(4) Carrying out cross breeding among varieties or strains can make full use of heterosis, further improve production performance and reduce costs. Therefore, hybridization has become one of the most basic technical measures in the production of commercial pigs, and commercial pigs are widely hybridized. For example, in Britain, more than 90% of commercial pigs are hybrids, and about half of breeding sows are hybrids of Yorkshire and Landrace. The litter size and weaning litter weight of hybrid pigs are better than those of pure breeding pigs. At present, the utilization of hybrid boars has also begun to receive attention.

(5) It has become a new trend in pig industry to cultivate specialized new strains and produce hybrid pigs. Before this, many countries used Landrace and Large White as female parents and Duroc and Hampton as male parents to carry out economic hybridization and popularize three-line hybridization. In order to overcome the weakness of traditional economic hybridization, at present, all countries have cultivated special paternal lines and maternal lines, and tested the special combining ability of multiple lines in order to obtain the best hybrid combination and produce hybrid pigs. Practice has proved that these hybrid pigs have many advantages over ordinary hybrid pigs. Commercial pigs have high consistency, adapt to modern pig raising conditions, grow fast, have high feed utilization rate and good carcass quality. For example, the Dutch "Hai Boer" pig, the American "Dika" pig and the Belgian "Siegel" pig are all hybrid pigs. China has also cultivated a number of specialized new parental strains.

(6) Nutrition and feed science developed rapidly. All countries in the world have strengthened the research on nutritional needs, formulated and constantly revised the feeding standard of pigs, increased the full price of compound feed, and improved the growth rate and feed conversion efficiency. Pig feed in China has also changed from green roughage and compound feed to complete feed, and a wide variety of feed additives, premixed feed and protein concentrated feed have been developed.

(7) Increasingly advanced pig-raising equipment At present, many large-scale and industrialized pig farms in China have adopted more advanced pig-raising equipment and technologies, such as closed temperature-controlled pig houses, leaky floors, online sow delivery pens, piglet breeding pens, automatic feeding, automatic drinking water and automatic dung removal, which provide pigs with a more comfortable and hygienic living environment, thus greatly improving their production performance and labor efficiency.

(8) Early weaning technology of piglets can be applied in production. With the development of piglet nutrition feed technology and the improvement of management methods, many pig farms have advanced the weaning age of piglets to 28-35 days, and some pig farms with better conditions have even advanced the weaning piglets to 265 and 438+0-28 days, thus increasing the annual litter size of sows to 2.2-2.4, greatly improving the utilization rate of sows and pig houses.

(9) Meat safety is paid attention to. Over the years, the government has advocated and people expect it, but the development of green pork food is still slow. The reason is that some pig breeding enterprises are not strict with the requirements for introduction, and they don't know much about the new diseases of customs quarantine, so that "foreign pig disease" is introduced continuously, which leads to more and more complicated pig diseases in China, and any epidemic may make pig farmers bankrupt. Many diseases will inevitably bring drug residues and biological pollution, so it is inevitable for pig industry to purify pig diseases, carry out multi-point pig raising, implement standardized production management and implement healthy and green pork strategy. At present, there is no green pork food in the strict sense in China, but this goal will be realized in the near future and promote the green revolution of the industry.

(10) Raising awareness of environmental protection in pigs In the era when farmers raised pigs, pigs not only provided meat but also accumulated fat; In the early stage of industrialized pig raising, pig raising often caused water and soil pollution; The future pig industry is to realize the comprehensive development and utilization of environmental protection and resources in the process of pig production. According to the requirements of environmental protection and nutrition standards, feed should be reasonably prepared, the amount of heavy metals should be controlled, the production equipment and technology should be scientific, the consumption of water and feed should be reduced, the sewage discharge should be reduced, and sewage treatment and biogas production and utilization should be implemented to realize the benign interactive development of pig manure processing and utilization of compound fertilizer, feed, manure and agricultural production.

(1 1) The research and application of disease diagnosis, monitoring and new safe vaccines, especially the application of efficient genetic engineering vaccines, have provided a guarantee for the development of pig industry.

Pig industry is an industry with high investment, low profit and high risk in agriculture, and it is an indispensable industry for the national economy and people's livelihood. We call on the state to support the development of pig industry by exempting taxes and animal quarantine fees, increasing subsidies for green food and environmental protection projects, and improving environmental protection facilities for factory pig raising.