The best treatment for kidney calculi.

Kidney calculi's treatment is mainly spasmolysis and analgesia, and surgery is needed if necessary.

medicine

Common drugs: raceanisodamine, tamsulosin, sodium bicarbonate, tramadol, pethidine.

Raceanisodamine: It belongs to M-type cholinergic receptor blocker, which can relax ureteral smooth muscle and relieve spasm.

Tamsulosin: It belongs to α receptor blocker, and has certain effect on relieving ureteral smooth muscle spasm and treating renal colic.

Sodium bicarbonate: It can alkalize urine and accelerate urine excretion.

Opioid analgesics: Opioid receptor agonists have strong analgesic and sedative effects. Commonly used drugs are pethidine and tramadol, which are mostly treated by intramuscular injection.

Surgical therapy

When drugs can't relieve pain or the stone diameter is large, surgical treatment measures should be considered, including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopic lithotripsy (including rigid and soft ureteroscopy), percutaneous nephrolithotomy and laparoscopic lithotomy.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: the shock wave source is constantly emitted to the stone, so that the stone is gradually broken into fine sand, and then excreted with urine.

Ureteroscopic lithotripsy: including rigid and soft endoscopes, placing ureteroscope through urethra, and taking out stones with lasso or tweezers. If the stone is large, laser or ultrasonic can be used to break the stone, and then the stone can be taken out.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: the nephroscope is placed in the renal pelvis and calyx from the outside for lithotripsy, and then taken out, which is suitable for complex stones.