What do lanterns in different dynasties look like?

With the development of social productive forces, people began to use wax from animals, plants and minerals as lighting lamps. "Zhou Li Siheng" contains "every state event is burned by a candle court, and the candle is also numb", which shows that there are candle lights in the Zhou Dynasty. By the Warring States period, the manufacturing technology of lamps had developed vigorously, which was stated in Qu Yuan's Songs of the South: "Blue paste makes candles shine, but copper is not right". The Han Dynasty was the heyday of bronze lamp making. "Miscellanies of Xijing" contains: "When Emperor Gaozu entered Xianyang Palace, Qin had five sapphire lanterns, seven feet and five inches high, which were made into pans with mouth lights. When burning, the scales moved and shone like stars." "In the Tang Dynasty, the Lantern Festival developed into an unprecedented lantern market. The capital" made lanterns 20 feet high, dressed in splendor, decorated with gold and silver, and burned 50,000 lanterns, clustered like flowers and trees ". After that, lantern activities around the country were particularly popular.

The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of China's feudal society, with developed economy, prosperous culture and strong national strength. Lantern Festival is at

Under this social background, driven by economy and culture, the Lantern Festival has been further developed. The historical records of the Tang Dynasty called it the Lantern Festival, and the Lantern Festival was also called the Lantern Festival and Lantern Festival. The emperor of the Tang dynasty wanted to show

Showing "having fun with the people", he is not only the decision-maker and advocate of the Lantern Festival and Lantern Festival, but also an active participant. Not only go shopping to watch the lights, but also allow relatives and officials to watch the lights. There is another day before and after the Lantern Festival, that is,

As a national holiday, all government agencies will stop working. In these three nights, "Xu Jinwu was banned?

Lights ",even the three armed forces who usually perform the night ban, can put their swords and guns in storage during these three nights, release their horses in Nanshan, sit back and relax and watch the lights for fun." During the three-night ban, the gentry in the city can enjoy themselves, even if they are close to Miyagi, the body guard will.

There is no interference. As usual, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty "watched the lanterns from the royal building" on the Lantern Festival night; Celebrating world peace shows that the whole world is celebrating. Palaces, temples, official residences and rich mansions all set up mountain sheds to build colorful buildings, even at the expense of "making lanterns".

Cage lights? ",in order to win, the streets and alleys are also full of" if bright if dark "lights. Exotic lanterns have even been found in foreign tributes, which shows that neighboring countries are well aware of the hobby of the Tang emperor and the prosperity of the Lantern Festival in the Central Plains. In the second year of Linde, Tang Gaozong (665), "(Wu Jingbo) left his brother's ancestral pavilion with two agate lamp trees, which were more than three feet high" (Don Yao Hui, volume 99). In the first year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (7 12), "at the beginning, there was a monk and a woman who asked to open the door at night and light a thousand torches for three days and three nights.

In the Song Dynasty, the development of lanterns reached a peak, and their styles also changed greatly. "Dream of China in Tokyo" records that there are lanterns in Bianjing (Kaifeng) Palace, including Pu Xian, Manjusri Bodhisattva riding a lion and white elephants. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Lantern Festival activities were particularly popular, with diverse styles, increasing types and developing scale.

Lantern Festival such as "Gone with the River Lantern", "Cow Lantern", "Kongming Lantern" and "Lion Lantern Market" are the main lantern festival activities in this historical period. There is also the custom of "respecting the kitchen god" to light a red light, which is also widely circulated among the people. On New Year's Eve (the thirtieth day of the twelfth lunar month), every household should turn on a red light, and even poor households should hang red paper lanterns in front of their doors. Hanging square eaves lanterns or hexagonal palace lanterns in middle households; The financial house is a big round gauze lamp to show respect for the kitchen god.

The most popular folk lanterns are palace lanterns and gauze lanterns. These lamps are rich in themes, exquisite and ingenious, and made of bamboo and wood.

HongLing, cloth and paper can all be used as lamp clothes. Palace lanterns and gauze lanterns hung in the halls and doorways of rich people should be carefully made. Some are inlaid with gold and jade, some are decorated with colorful spikes, and some are inscribed with poems. The gauze lamp is a drum ball.

Body, with three "B" bamboo sticks nailed into a tripod, hung up, three feet apart, can be hung in the air three feet off the ground, put away three feet, can be held high. At that time, it was more widely used than palace lanterns, and acrobatics such as dragon lanterns, lion lanterns and lanterns all used gauze lanterns to dance.